the lack of interpretation at fortresses along the danube in serbia

the lack of interpretation at fortresses along the danube in serbia the lack of interpretation at fortresses along the danube in serbia

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194 ● The Lack of Interpretation at Fortresses along the Danube in Serbiainformation, one has to pay (e.g. entrance fees to museums), a fact that probably makesvisitors reluctant to collect information at all. It can not be denied that the overall extend ofinterpretative information is available in different extent at Danubian fortresses in Serbia.While at Petrovaradin, Belgrade and Smederevo fortress, there are museums, info centers,souvenir shops, restaurants, available tour-guides, presentations, organized events andprogrammes on regular basis, on other sites (Bac, Ram, Golubac and Kladovo fortress)interpretation is kept definitely at a minimum. The one and only informative source with thepossibility to familiarize oneself with the virtues and values of fortress and therefore thereasons for conservation, protection and responsible behavior was the activities of themuseums. Nonetheless it should be noted that the terms of interpretation at those facilitiesdo not embrace all tools at hand, and to some extent tools are already in use. However, thedevelopment of visitor management and education about value and significance of the siteshas only recently begun to draw serious attention.The facilities rated on a level of simple interpretation mainly offered maps, plainbrochures and guided tours, without an addition to some specialty like electronic displays,and are like most of the museums, specialized on one single characteristic of fortress, as forinstance, military history, archeology or art. The fortresses in Iron Gate region are rated onno interpretation level as they does not offer basic information, no maps or plain brochures,as there are no institutions of museum type on those sites. Some fortresses even did not haveany kind of information on site. Beside all the different facilities, the entire environment interms of signposts and explanatory boards at places of interest would possibly be rated onhaving no interpretation, if to be included in the research. There are some thematic eventsthat are organized on the fortresses reviving medieval life and tournaments. Those momentsin the contemporary life of fortresses on Danube are rather rare and as the basicinfrastructure and interpretation are lacking on several sites, the animation programmes arenot imaginable at this moment.CONCLUSIONSFortresses, castles or their remains are important part of history, significant heritagesites and great touristic attractions. Every fortress in Serbia has its own “soul” to be sensedby those who visit it. Nevertheless, their history and stories are still untold and fortressesabandoned and forgotten. Only occasional visitors have the interest to climb dangerouscliffs or steam paths to Serbian fortresses. The conclusion can now be declared – thefortresses on Danube in Serbia lack in infrastructure, as great investments are needed for itsconstruction. The basic information and interpretation on fortresses is lacking also – whichis even bigger problem, as it shows the recklessness of Serbian nation to its heritage, as thissegment does not necessitates large investments. The main reason for nonexistence oftourism development in Serbian heritage sites is weak local initiative, non-creativity or lackof investments.First step in developing tourist offer based on fortresses in Serbia should besignposting and basic interpretation on sites and later great reconstructions andinfrastructure building. In developing successful tourism destination or attractions the mostimportant is creative thinking, idea and interpretation. By using the interpretation, thematiccultural and animation programmes the “soul” of these magnificent fortresses can be

Aleksandra STANOJLOVIC, Andjelija IVKOV-DZIGURSKI, Aleksandra DRAGIN ● 195revived. This is very popular and very successful way of incorporating heritage site intourism sphere. Every historical site have the potential for tourism development, but as suchsites are fragile, they must be used cautiously and substantially. Most important part oftouristic development in Danubian and every other fortress is the adequate conservation,management and interpretation. Incorporating these tools in the development of Culturalroute – Fortresses on Danube in Serbia, they will most certainly become more attractive, thevisitation will rise, as well as the knowledge of the residents and tourists, and their mutualunderstanding.ACKNOLEDGEMENTSThis study is a part of the project “Demographic transition in Serbia” (EVB:146017) by Ministry of Science of Republic Serbia, as well as a part of doctoral work ofAleksandra Stanojlovic. The research is accomplished with the support of Ministry ofCulture, as well as regional institutions – Museum of Novi Sad, JP Belgrade Fortress,Museum of Smederevo, Archaeological Museum of Djerdap and Touristic organisation ofGolubac.REFERENCESBriedenhann, J. and Wickers, E. (2003) “ Tourism routes as a tool for the economicdevelopment of rural areas – Vibrant hope or impossible dream”. Tourism management, July issue.Bruce, D. (2006) "Contested identities: The disonant heritage of European town walls andwalled towns". International journal of heritage studies, Vol 12. pp 234-254.CIUTAT Project (2005) in CIUTAT: Tourism,cultural events and the production of urbanspace:Changing images,shifting meanings? Online source: www.ciutatproject.netChhabra, D., Healy, R. And Sills, E. (2003) Staged authenticity and heritage tourism.Annals of Tourism Research 30(3), 702 – 719.Čomić, ð. (2007) Analiza multifaznih turističkih doživljaja. Turizam 11/2007, Časopisdepartmana za geografiju,turizam i hotelijerstvo, Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Novi Sad, str.7-9.Dragin, A. i grupa autora (2007) Cruise Ship Tourism on the Danube in Vojvodina Provinceas a Segment of Global Tourism, Geogrphica Pannonica, Vol.11, 59–64.Dragin, A. (2008) International tourist cruises along Corridor 7 and nautical tourism inSerbia, (Phd thesis in paper), University of Noci Sad, Faculty of Science, Department for geography,tourism and hotel management, Novi Sad, 228.ðidić, P. (2008) Tvrñave i ostaci utvrñenih gradova, JP Beogradska tvrñava, Beograd.Meyer, D. (2004) Tourism routes and gateways: Examples and a selection of key isues fordevelopment of tourism routes and gateways and their potential for pro-poor tourism. Tourism.London: ODI.Puczko, L. (2006) Interpretation in cultural tourism. In Smith, M. & Robinson, M. (ed.)Cultural Tourism in a Changing World: Politics, Participation and (re)presentation (Tourism andCultural Change),pp.227 – 244.Puczko, L., Ratz, T., Smith, M. (2007) Old City, New Image - Perception, Positioning andPromotion of Budapest. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, Vol. 22, Issue 3, pp. 21 – 34.

194 ● The Lack <strong>of</strong> Interpret<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>at</strong> Fortresses <strong>along</strong> <strong>the</strong> Danube <strong>in</strong> Serbia<strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ion, one has to pay (e.g. entrance fees to museums), a fact th<strong>at</strong> probably makesvisitors reluctant to collect <strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>at</strong> all. It can not be denied th<strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> overall extend <strong>of</strong><strong>in</strong>terpret<strong>at</strong>ive <strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ion is available <strong>in</strong> different extent <strong>at</strong> Danubian <strong>fortresses</strong> <strong>in</strong> Serbia.While <strong>at</strong> Petrovarad<strong>in</strong>, Belgrade and Smederevo fortress, <strong>the</strong>re are museums, <strong>in</strong>fo centers,souvenir shops, restaurants, available tour-guides, present<strong>at</strong>ions, organized events andprogrammes on regular basis, on o<strong>the</strong>r sites (Bac, Ram, Golubac and Kladovo fortress)<strong><strong>in</strong>terpret<strong>at</strong>ion</strong> is kept def<strong>in</strong>itely <strong>at</strong> a m<strong>in</strong>imum. The one and only <strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ive source with <strong>the</strong>possibility to familiarize oneself with <strong>the</strong> virtues and values <strong>of</strong> fortress and <strong>the</strong>refore <strong>the</strong>reasons for conserv<strong>at</strong>ion, protection and responsible behavior was <strong>the</strong> activities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>museums. None<strong>the</strong>less it should be noted th<strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> terms <strong>of</strong> <strong><strong>in</strong>terpret<strong>at</strong>ion</strong> <strong>at</strong> those facilitiesdo not embrace all tools <strong>at</strong> hand, and to some extent tools are already <strong>in</strong> use. However, <strong>the</strong>development <strong>of</strong> visitor management and educ<strong>at</strong>ion about value and significance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> siteshas only recently begun to draw serious <strong>at</strong>tention.The facilities r<strong>at</strong>ed on a level <strong>of</strong> simple <strong><strong>in</strong>terpret<strong>at</strong>ion</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>of</strong>fered maps, pla<strong>in</strong>brochures and guided tours, without an addition to some specialty like electronic displays,and are like most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> museums, specialized on one s<strong>in</strong>gle characteristic <strong>of</strong> fortress, as for<strong>in</strong>stance, military history, archeology or art. The <strong>fortresses</strong> <strong>in</strong> Iron G<strong>at</strong>e region are r<strong>at</strong>ed onno <strong><strong>in</strong>terpret<strong>at</strong>ion</strong> level as <strong>the</strong>y does not <strong>of</strong>fer basic <strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ion, no maps or pla<strong>in</strong> brochures,as <strong>the</strong>re are no <strong>in</strong>stitutions <strong>of</strong> museum type on those sites. Some <strong>fortresses</strong> even did not haveany k<strong>in</strong>d <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ion on site. Beside all <strong>the</strong> different facilities, <strong>the</strong> entire environment <strong>in</strong>terms <strong>of</strong> signposts and explan<strong>at</strong>ory boards <strong>at</strong> places <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terest would possibly be r<strong>at</strong>ed onhav<strong>in</strong>g no <strong><strong>in</strong>terpret<strong>at</strong>ion</strong>, if to be <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> research. There are some <strong>the</strong>m<strong>at</strong>ic eventsth<strong>at</strong> are organized on <strong>the</strong> <strong>fortresses</strong> reviv<strong>in</strong>g medieval life and tournaments. Those moments<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> contemporary life <strong>of</strong> <strong>fortresses</strong> on Danube are ra<strong>the</strong>r rare and as <strong>the</strong> basic<strong>in</strong>frastructure and <strong><strong>in</strong>terpret<strong>at</strong>ion</strong> are <strong>lack</strong><strong>in</strong>g on several sites, <strong>the</strong> anim<strong>at</strong>ion programmes arenot imag<strong>in</strong>able <strong>at</strong> this moment.CONCLUSIONSFortresses, castles or <strong>the</strong>ir rema<strong>in</strong>s are important part <strong>of</strong> history, significant heritagesites and gre<strong>at</strong> touristic <strong>at</strong>tractions. Every fortress <strong>in</strong> Serbia has its own “soul” to be sensedby those who visit it. Never<strong>the</strong>less, <strong>the</strong>ir history and stories are still untold and <strong>fortresses</strong>abandoned and forgotten. Only occasional visitors have <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>terest to climb dangerouscliffs or steam p<strong>at</strong>hs to Serbian <strong>fortresses</strong>. The conclusion can now be declared – <strong>the</strong><strong>fortresses</strong> on Danube <strong>in</strong> Serbia <strong>lack</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>frastructure, as gre<strong>at</strong> <strong>in</strong>vestments are needed for itsconstruction. The basic <strong>in</strong>form<strong>at</strong>ion and <strong><strong>in</strong>terpret<strong>at</strong>ion</strong> on <strong>fortresses</strong> is <strong>lack</strong><strong>in</strong>g also – whichis even bigger problem, as it shows <strong>the</strong> recklessness <strong>of</strong> Serbian n<strong>at</strong>ion to its heritage, as thissegment does not necessit<strong>at</strong>es large <strong>in</strong>vestments. The ma<strong>in</strong> reason for nonexistence <strong>of</strong>tourism development <strong>in</strong> Serbian heritage sites is weak local <strong>in</strong>iti<strong>at</strong>ive, non-cre<strong>at</strong>ivity or <strong>lack</strong><strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>vestments.First step <strong>in</strong> develop<strong>in</strong>g tourist <strong>of</strong>fer based on <strong>fortresses</strong> <strong>in</strong> Serbia should besignpost<strong>in</strong>g and basic <strong><strong>in</strong>terpret<strong>at</strong>ion</strong> on sites and l<strong>at</strong>er gre<strong>at</strong> reconstructions and<strong>in</strong>frastructure build<strong>in</strong>g. In develop<strong>in</strong>g successful tourism dest<strong>in</strong><strong>at</strong>ion or <strong>at</strong>tractions <strong>the</strong> mostimportant is cre<strong>at</strong>ive th<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g, idea and <strong><strong>in</strong>terpret<strong>at</strong>ion</strong>. By us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> <strong><strong>in</strong>terpret<strong>at</strong>ion</strong>, <strong>the</strong>m<strong>at</strong>iccultural and anim<strong>at</strong>ion programmes <strong>the</strong> “soul” <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se magnificent <strong>fortresses</strong> can be

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