Notes / 205which had refused to participate in the annual College Art Association in New Orleans,La., a state that had not ratiƒed the ERA. The majority of WCA memberschose to attend the CAA, where they held a major protest march. Garrard, “FeministPolitics,” 99.32. Cindy Nemser, “Alice Neel—Teller of Truth,” in Alice Neel: The Woman and HerWork (Athens, Ga.: The Georgia Museum of Art, 1975), n.p.33. Quoted in Garrard, “Feminist Politics,” 93.34. Nemser, Art Talk, 121.35. Douglas Davis, “Women, Women, Women,” Newsweek, January 29, 1973, 77.36. Among Blum’s exhibitions are: “Unmanly Art,” in the fall of 1972, and “ThreeRealist Painters (Neel, Flack and Blum),” in Valencia in February 1978.37. The three artists had been included in Cindy Nemser’s exhibition “In Her OwnImage” at the Samuel S. Fleisher Art Memorial in Philadelphia that spring.38. Judith Vivell, “Talking About Pictures,” Feminist Art Journal 3/2 (summer 1974), 14.39. Published in Heresies in 1978; reprinted in Arlene Raven, Cassandra C. Langer,and Joanna Frueh, eds., Feminist Art Criticism (Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press,1988), 71–86.40. In his essay on the women’s art network, Lawrence Alloway provided an apt analogybetween the great goddess trend and the 1940s mythmakers: “The mythologies ofGottlieb and Mark Rothko were a patchwork of ideas from Frazer, Freud, Jung, andNietzsche. Portentousness lurked behind the poetic symbols of these artists becausetheir access to myth rested on the idea of the artist as seer, gifted beyond other people.What has feminism to gain from the revival of these affected attitudes? . . . Tocompare the improvised myths of the seventies with the male equivalents of the fortiesshows that the mother-goddess is as intellectually disreputable as the heroking.”Alloway, “Women’s Art in the Seventies,” 283.41. “Newsmakers,” Newsweek, February 12, 1979.42. Her concern was justiƒed, for Abzug, who had been elected to Congress in 1970,would become a victim of the backlash of the 1980s. When she ƒrst got to Washington,Abzug requested a seat on the House Armed Services Committee, offering asher rationale: “Do you realize there are 42,000 women in the military? do you realizethat about half the civilian employees of the Defense Department are women,290,000 of them at last count? And, as if that isn’t enough, there are one and a halfmillion wives of military personnel.” June Sochen, Herstory: A Woman’s View ofAmerican History, vol. 2 (New York: Alfred Publishing Co., 1974), 404.43. Laurie Johnson, “The ‘Sister Chapel’: A Feminist View of Creation,” New YorkTimes, January 30, 1978. The exhibition was held from Jan. 15 to Feb. 19, 1978, atP.S. 1, Long Island City.44. In 1968, on the occasion of their wedding, Nochlin and her husband, the late architecturalhistorian Richard Pommer, commissioned Philip Pearlstein to paint theirportrait. The constrast between Pearlstein’s image and Neel’s provides a sort of proofof one postulate of Nochlin’s writings: that realism in art is never simple verism.Neel’s Linda Nochlin and Daisy and Pearlstein’s Portrait of Linda Nochlin andRichard Pommer occupy opposite ends of the spectrum of realist portraiture in this
206 / Notesperiod, a spectrum that ranged from formalism to expressionism. See Linda Nochlin,“Portrait of Linda Nochlin and Richard Pommer,” Artforum 32/1 (September1993), 142, 204.45. Linda Nochlin, “The Realist Criminal and the Abstract Law, Part II,” Art in America61/6 (November-December 1973), 98. The quote is from J. P. Stern, “Re„ectionson Realism,” Journal of European Studies 7 (March 1971).46. Nochlin, “The Realist Criminal and the Abstract Law, Part II,” 102–103.47. Nochlin, “Introduction,” Women, Art and Power, xiv.48. Linda Nochlin, “Some Women Realists,” Arts (April-May 1974), reprinted inWomen, Art and Power, 98–99.49. It was precisely this historical perspective that Nemser’s writings on Neel, by concentratingon her biography and her sitters’ biographies, had ignored. The potentialof biography for commercial exploitation by the artworld celebrity system was soonrecognized by other feminist art historians. Carol Duncan’s review of Nemser’s ArtTalk, which she titled, borrowing a phrase from Neel, “When Success Is a Box ofWheaties,” pointed out that Nemser’s interviews framed the work of women artistsaccording to traditional male criteria of greatness—originality, for instance—ratherthan taking into account the artists’ own, quite different criteria as developed intheir work. The result, in her opinion, was not criticism but publicity. “Artists asprofessionals must compete, but they must not appear to compete. They need publicity,but must seek it in a form that is not publicity . . . Publicity alone—or, as inArt Talk—barely disguised publicity—distorts their seriousness and renders themexploited objects.” Carol Duncan, “When Success Is a Box of Wheaties,” Artforum(October 1975), reprinted in Carol Duncan, The Aesthetics of Power (New York:Cambridge University Press, 1993), 121ff.50. The ceremony, accompanied by a small exhibit of her work, was held on May 19.51. Joanna Frueh, “The Body Through Women’s Eyes,” in Broude and Garrard, ThePower of Feminist Art, 207.52. June Singer, Androgyny: Toward a New Theory of Sexuality (Garden City, N.Y.:Doubleday, 1977), 278.53. An incisive summary of this debate is provided in Kari Weil, Androgyny and the Denialof Difference (Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia, 1992),ch. 6: “Androgyny, Feminism, and the Critical Difference.”54. Ibid., 152. As the concept of androgyny began to be detached by feminist writersfrom its origins in the Platonic ideal of unity, it continued nevertheless to representa way beyond binary male-female oppositions. Summarizing Toril Moi, Kari Weilhas argued that in Woolf’s Orlando (1928), the story of a man who, over the courseof three centuries of life, becomes a woman: “sexual identity loses its claim as agiven, appearing, rather, as an effect of the cultural codes of desire and of changingrelations to ‘others’ . . .” Ibid., 157.55. Johnson, in her autobiography, Fragments Recalled At Eighty: The Art Memoirs ofEllen H. Johnson (North Vancouver, B.C.: Gallerie, 1993), 145–50, wrote a wittyaccount of sitting for Neel.56. Fat became a feminist issue in the 1980s. see Joan Jacobs Brumberg, Fasting Girls:The History of Anorexia Nervosa (1988); Kim Chernin, The Hungry Self: Women,
- Page 4 and 5:
Pictures of PeopleAlice Neel’sAme
- Page 6:
NOTE TO EREADERSAs electronic repro
- Page 9 and 10:
viii / ContentsPART II: NEEL’S SO
- Page 11 and 12:
x / Illustrations in the Print Edit
- Page 13 and 14:
xii / Illustrations in the Print Ed
- Page 15 and 16:
xiv / Illustrations in the Print Ed
- Page 17 and 18:
xvi / Acknowledgmentstors Virginia
- Page 19 and 20:
xviii / Pictures of Peoplepression,
- Page 21 and 22:
xx / Pictures of Peopleof the bawdy
- Page 24:
Part IThe Subjects of the Artist
- Page 27 and 28:
4 / The Subjects of the Artistexpla
- Page 29 and 30:
6 / The Subjects of the Artistclass
- Page 31 and 32:
8 / The Subjects of the ArtistThe r
- Page 33 and 34:
10 / The Subjects of the ArtistBeca
- Page 35 and 36:
12 / The Subjects of the Artistrect
- Page 37 and 38:
14 / The Subjects of the ArtistIt i
- Page 39 and 40:
16 / The Subjects of the Artistarti
- Page 41 and 42:
18 / The Subjects of the Artist“A
- Page 43 and 44:
20 / The Subjects of the Artistand
- Page 45 and 46:
22 / The Subjects of the Artistvent
- Page 47 and 48:
24 / The Subjects of the Artistspee
- Page 49 and 50:
26 / The Subjects of the Artistpher
- Page 51 and 52:
28 / The Subjects of the Artistzone
- Page 53 and 54:
30 / The Subjects of the Artistself
- Page 55 and 56:
32 / The Subjects of the Artistnect
- Page 57 and 58:
34 / The Subjects of the Artistcial
- Page 59 and 60:
36 / The Subjects of the Artistphia
- Page 61 and 62:
38 / The Subjects of the ArtistHowe
- Page 63 and 64:
40 / The Subjects of the Artistmist
- Page 66:
Part IINeel’s Social Realist Art:
- Page 69 and 70:
46 / Neel’s Social Realist Artmor
- Page 71 and 72:
48 / Neel’s Social Realist Artalt
- Page 73 and 74:
50 / Neel’s Social Realist Artwas
- Page 75 and 76:
52 / Neel’s Social Realist Artdoc
- Page 77 and 78:
54 / Neel’s Social Realist Artten
- Page 79 and 80:
56 / Neel’s Social Realist Arting
- Page 81 and 82:
58 / Neel’s Social Realist Artmea
- Page 83 and 84:
60 / Neel’s Social Realist ArtJoe
- Page 85 and 86:
62 / Neel’s Social Realist Artwou
- Page 87 and 88:
64 / Neel’s Social Realist Artpai
- Page 89 and 90:
66 / Neel’s Social Realist Artsix
- Page 91 and 92:
68 / Neel’s Social Realist ArtDur
- Page 93 and 94:
70 / Neel’s Social Realist Artmir
- Page 95 and 96:
72 / Neel’s Social Realist Arteve
- Page 97 and 98:
74 / Neel’s Social Realist ArtPer
- Page 99 and 100:
76 / Neel’s Social Realist Arthad
- Page 101 and 102:
78 / Neel’s Social Realist Artsis
- Page 103 and 104:
80 / Neel’s Social Realist Artpai
- Page 105 and 106:
82 / Neel’s Social Realist Artint
- Page 107 and 108:
84 / Neel’s Social Realist ArtFul
- Page 109 and 110:
86 / Neel’s Social Realist ArtDre
- Page 111 and 112:
88 / Neel’s Social Realist ArtIn
- Page 113 and 114:
6El Barrio:Portrait of Spanish Harl
- Page 115 and 116:
92 / Neel’s Social Realist Arttha
- Page 117 and 118:
94 / Neel’s Social Realist ArtSuc
- Page 119 and 120:
96 / Neel’s Social Realist Artwhe
- Page 121 and 122:
98 / Neel’s Social Realist Artcal
- Page 123 and 124:
100 / Neel’s Social Realist Artte
- Page 125 and 126:
102 / Neel’s Social Realist Artar
- Page 127 and 128:
104 / Neel’s Social Realist Artun
- Page 129 and 130:
106 / Neel’s Social Realist ArtPu
- Page 131 and 132:
108 / Neel’s Social Realist ArtWh
- Page 134 and 135:
7A Gallery of Players:Artist-Critic
- Page 136 and 137:
A Gallery of Players / 113be lost a
- Page 138 and 139:
A Gallery of Players / 115Campbell
- Page 140 and 141:
A Gallery of Players / 117on Neel
- Page 142 and 143:
A Gallery of Players / 119sidered b
- Page 144 and 145:
A Gallery of Players / 121is a disr
- Page 146 and 147:
A Gallery of Players / 123Neel’s
- Page 148 and 149:
A Gallery of Players / 125“Batman
- Page 150 and 151:
8The Women’s Wing:Neel and Femini
- Page 152 and 153:
The Women’s Wing / 129Neel’s ƒ
- Page 154 and 155:
The Women’s Wing / 131just and bi
- Page 156 and 157:
The Women’s Wing / 133lenced the
- Page 158 and 159:
The Women’s Wing / 135holding han
- Page 160 and 161:
The Women’s Wing / 137historical
- Page 162 and 163:
The Women’s Wing / 139“Three Am
- Page 164 and 165:
The Women’s Wing / 141There exist
- Page 166:
The Women’s Wing / 143Looking bac
- Page 170 and 171:
9Truth Unveiled:The Portrait NudeIn
- Page 172 and 173:
Truth Unveiled / 149school, where s
- Page 174 and 175:
Truth Unveiled / 151Nadya’s „es
- Page 176 and 177:
Truth Unveiled / 153Nadya’s addic
- Page 178 and 179: Truth Unveiled / 155hand, Gold’s
- Page 180 and 181: Truth Unveiled / 157others were doi
- Page 182 and 183: Truth Unveiled / 159are played woul
- Page 184 and 185: in time—two ladies sitting in umb
- Page 186 and 187: Shifting Constellations / 163which
- Page 188 and 189: Shifting Constellations / 165was a
- Page 190 and 191: Shifting Constellations / 167liefs,
- Page 192 and 193: Shifting Constellations / 169origin
- Page 194 and 195: Shifting Constellations / 171ing ch
- Page 196 and 197: Shifting Constellations / 173by the
- Page 198 and 199: Shifting Constellations / 175void b
- Page 200 and 201: NOTESIntroduction. The Portrait Gal
- Page 202 and 203: Notes / 1793. Emile de Antonio and
- Page 204 and 205: Notes / 18143. Gombrich, “The Exp
- Page 206 and 207: Notes / 183that the book is ƒnishe
- Page 208 and 209: Notes / 185into a language of tempe
- Page 210 and 211: Notes / 187only one repeated entry,
- Page 212 and 213: Notes / 18974. J.L., “New Exhibit
- Page 214 and 215: Notes / 191from the 1930s through t
- Page 216 and 217: Notes / 193a man (who loves childre
- Page 218 and 219: Notes / 195designed to jolt the rea
- Page 220 and 221: Notes / 197alist art, permeated by
- Page 222 and 223: Notes / 19929. Morris Dickstein, Ga
- Page 224 and 225: Notes / 201portrait of the boyish W
- Page 226 and 227: Notes / 203world gossip.” David B
- Page 230 and 231: Notes / 207Eating and Identity (198
- Page 232 and 233: Notes / 20925. Georges Bataille, Th
- Page 234 and 235: Notes / 21110. William S. Rubin, Da
- Page 236 and 237: BIBLIOGRAPHYI. Archival Sources and
- Page 238 and 239: Sources Focused on Alice Neel / 215
- Page 240 and 241: Sources Focused on Alice Neel / 217
- Page 242 and 243: General Sources: Books / 219Storr,
- Page 244 and 245: General Sources: Books / 221Chodoro
- Page 246 and 247: General Sources: Books / 223——
- Page 248 and 249: General Sources: Books / 225Leja, M
- Page 250 and 251: General Sources: Books / 227Rich, A
- Page 252 and 253: General Sources: Periodicals / 229W
- Page 254 and 255: General Sources: Periodicals / 231M
- Page 256: PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITSeeva-inkeri: ƒg