i-xxii Front matter.qxd - Brandeis Institutional Repository

198 / Notes8. Meyer Schapiro, “Race, Nationality and Art,” Art Front 2/4 (March 1936), 10–11.9. Ruth Benedict and Gene Weltƒsh, “The Races of Mankind” (1943), reprinted inRuth Benedict, Race, Science and Politics (New York: Viking Press, 1947), 171.10. Ibid., 188. Because it praised the Russian nation for outlawing prejudice by “welcomingdifferences while refusing to treat them as inferiorities,” the House MilitaryAffairs subcommittee charged in early 1944 that the text was ƒlled with “all thetechniques . . . of Communistic propaganda” (167).11. Michael Leja, Reframing Abstract Expressionism (New Haven: Yale University Press,1993), 99.12. Gerald Meyer, “Puerto Ricans,” in Mari Jo Buhle, Paul Buhle, and Dan Georgakas,Encyclopedia of the American Left (New York: Garland, 1990), 614.13. Ibid.14. Patricia Cayo Sexton, Spanish Harlem: An Anatomy of Poverty (New York: Harper& Row, 1965), 106.15. Oscar Lewis, La Vida (New York: Random House, 1965), xliv.16. Ibid., xlvi.17. Sexton, Spanish Harlem, 176.18. Meyer, “Puerto Ricans,” 614.19. Jesus Colón, “José,” in A Puerto Rican in New York (New York: Mainstream Publishers,1961), 89.20. Lewis, La Vida, xlvi, lii.21. Langston Hughes’s play The Mulatto (1935) is a prominent example.22. Cyril Burt, The Backward Child (1937), quoted in Stephen Jay Gould, The Mismeasureof Man (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), 281.23. Ruth Frankenberg, White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993), 54.24. After 1974, when Arce was in jail for the murder of his business partner, he maintaineda regular correspondence with Neel, calling her his second mother and regularlysending Hallmark cards for birthdays, Christmas, and Mother’s Day. Neelkept all of his letters on her mantel. The sentimental tone of his notes—“My loveand regards to the whole family and as always may God keep you in his care andBless you with Happiness always!”—is in jarring opposition to the action that led tohis incarceration. Arce taught himself law, in order to try to assist in his own defense,but he was still imprisoned at the time of Neel’s death. Neel’s comments onone of his notes requesting that she send him law books indicates that she felt“reasonable doubt” about his guilt: “when he realized that American Airlines paid$20,000 to a lawyer to defend an overweight stewardess case, Georgie’s appeal lawyerappeared even more inadequate when one realized it was a jail sentence of fromthirty years to life, Bellvue and Islip.” Letter from Georgie Arce to Alice Neel, Dec.30, 1974, Neel correspondence, Neel Arts, New York City.25. Piri Thomas, Down These Mean Streets (New York: Signet Books, 1967), 145.26. Mark Naison, Communists in Harlem During the Depression (Urbana: Universityof Illinois Press, 1983), 303.27. Harold Cruse, The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual (New York: Morrow, 1961), 221.28. Ibid., 213.