The Road to Afghanistan - George Washington University

More documents

Recommendations

Info

[Afghanistan: Opposition and the Authorities (The 1960s–1970s of the 20th Century)]Snegiryov, V. Ryzhiy. Moscow: Novaya Gazeta; Saint Petersburg: Inapress, 2003. [Red]Snesaryov, A. E. Afganistan. Moscow: Russkaya Panorama, 2002. [Afghanistan]Spolnikov, V. N. Afganistan: islamskaya kontrrevolyutsiya. Moscow: Nauka, 1987.[Afghanistan: Islamic Counter-Revolution]Tanner, S. Afganistan: Istoriya voin ot Aleksandra Makedonskogo do padeniya “Talibana.”Moscow: Eksmo, 2004. [Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander the Great to theWar Against the Taliban]Tenet, G. (with the participation of Harlow, B.). V tsentre shtorma: Otkroveniya eks-glavyTsRU. Moscow: Eksmo, 2008. [At the Center of the Storm: My Years at the CIA]Tikhonov, Yu. Afganskaya voina Stalina: Bitva za centralnuyu Aziyu. Moscow: Yauza; Eksmo,2008. [Stalin’s Afghan War: The Battle for Central Asia]Tukharinov, I. Yu. Sekretnyi komandarm. Moscow, 2002. [Secret Army Commander]Tsvetkov, A., Surodin, V. Vsya zhizn–ataka. Moscow: Granitsa, 2010. [The Whole Life as anAttack]Varennikov, V. Nepovtorimoe, V 7 t. T. 5. Afganistan. I doblest, i pechal. Chernobyl. Moscow:Sovetskiy Pisatel, 2001. [Inimitable: 7-volume edition. Volume 5. “Afghanistan. Valor andGrief. Chernobyl”]Vassiliev, E. Persidskiy zaliv v epicentre buri. Moscow: Politizdat, 1983. [The Arab Gulf in theEpicenter of a Storm]Voina v Afganistane. N. I. Pikov (Ed.) Moscow: Voenizdat, 1991. [The War in Afghanistan]Voina i obschestvo v XX veke: V 3 kn. Kn. 3. Voina i obschestvo v period lokalnykh voin ikonfliktov vtoroi poloviny XX veka. Moscow: Nauka, 2008. [War and Society in the 20 thcentury: 3-volume edition. Volume 3. War and Society During Local Wars and Conflicts ofthe Second Half of the 20 th Century]Woodward, B. Priznanie shefa razvedki. Moscow: Politizdat, 1990. [Veil: the Secret Wars ofCIA]ArticlesWestad, O. A. Nakanune vvoda sovetskikh voisk v Afghanistan. Novaya i noveyshaya istoriya,736
no. 2 (1994). [On the Eve of the Soviet Invasion in Afghanistan]The documents of the Soviet government in regards to the situation in Afghanistan. Novayai noveishaya istoriya, no. 3, (1996).Merimsky, V. A. Voina v Afganistane: Zapiski uchastnika. Novaya i noveishaya istoriya, no. 3(1995). [The War in Afghanistan: The Notes of a Participant]Safronchuk, V. S. Afganistan vremyon Taraki. Mezhdunarodnaya zhizn, no. 12 (1990).[Afghanistan During the Taraki Times]Safronchuk, V. S. Afganistan vremyon Amina. Mezhdunarodnya zhizn, no. 1 (1991).[Afghanistan During the Amin Times]Tainyie mysli midovtsa v moment vvoda sovetskikh voisk v Afganistan. Nezavisimayagazeta. 15 September, 1994. [A Ministry of Foreign Affairs Staff Member’s Secret Thoughtsat the Moment of Soviet Invasion in Afghanistan]Other SourcesThe Archive of the President of the Russian FederationRussian State Archive of Contemporary HistoryThe National Archives. UK mission to AfghanistanThe National Security Archive (Washington, D.C.)InterviewsAlexandrov-Agentov, A. M. — The assistant of four general secretaries of the CentralCommittee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Brezhnev, L. I., Andropov, Yu. V.,Chernenko, K. U., Gorbachev, M. S.).Babushkin, A. N. — Major general, served in the Information Analysis Department of theKGB First Chief Directorate in the 1970s, later was the head of the KGB Secretariat.Basov, V. V. — A prominent Soviet expert on Afghanistan.Bakhturin, S. G. — KGB colonel, served as a security officer at the Soviet embassy in Kabul737
Page 6:
Chapter 1:VIRUS: How the invasion o
Page 9:
arranged meeting point for the emer
Page 12 and 13:
that Orlov-Morozov wrote to the Cen
Page 14 and 15:
political situation developing in t
Page 16 and 17:
as accomplices, received long-term
Page 18 and 19:
World War II, Prince Daoud Khan, th
Page 20 and 21:
“Can you imagine, Comrade General
Page 22:
no idea that some destructive polit
Page 28 and 29:
General Gorelov was particularly co
Page 30 and 31:
ascent. One plane, flying low above
Page 32 and 33:
would retrieve vodka along with gla
Page 34 and 35:
laid down on the couch. He felt pre
Page 36 and 37:
possible contingency. Any unforesee
Page 38 and 39:
In July 1973, Major Qadir and his g
Page 40 and 41:
the Parcham faction, also became mi
Page 42 and 43:
the military transport division of
Page 44 and 45:
on the morning of April 27, the off
Page 46 and 47:
there were passwords. I think Amin
Page 48 and 49:
commander suddenly stopped and turn
Page 50 and 51:
in the lead tank, which was compris
Page 52 and 53:
KGB colleagues, exiting the embassy
Page 54 and 55:
married?”“I wonder whose side t
Page 56 and 57:
detachments. The analyst of the Res
Page 58 and 59:
front of the airport and drove back
Page 60 and 61:
complained to him, “Your trade re
Page 62 and 63:
“What’s wrong? Should I call a
Page 64 and 65:
awaiting further instructions. My a
Page 66 and 67:
well-prepared speech that touched u
Page 68 and 69:
Youth”) in the 1940s. Babrak also
Page 70 and 71:
eally need to act a year ago, becau
Page 72 and 73:
After Daoud’s visit to Moscow, th
Page 74 and 75:
that could be leveled against me or
Page 76 and 77:
looming in the fields, to be handed
Page 78 and 79:
“And what about Daoud?”“I don
Page 80 and 81:
sent the commander of the President
Page 82 and 83:
another Central Committee member, t
Page 84 and 85:
forces in the country, which had be
Page 86 and 87:
explosions in the night sky. Only a
Page 88 and 89:
When the bodies were removed from t
Page 90 and 91:
Chapter 2:“We Knocked Out Their T
Page 92 and 93:
deputy resident gave Valery an indi
Page 94 and 95:
trusted the deputy resident, who wa
Page 96 and 97:
Alexander Victorovich puffed his pi
Page 98 and 99:
As evening came, the city was shrou
Page 100 and 101:
honor, religion, and property, we d
Page 102 and 103:
evolution and kill the president if
Page 104 and 105:
theory, thinks as if the Pashtun
Page 106 and 107:
analyst’s intentions.***The morni
Page 108 and 109:
Vladimir Alexandrovich was accustom
Page 110 and 111:
intelligence officers, yet they wer
Page 112 and 113:
“He thinks that he will recover s
Page 114 and 115:
Three years ago, General Leonov was
Page 116 and 117:
Politburo would be unpredictable. S
Page 118 and 119:
Tomorrow? What time? I think it’s
Page 120 and 121:
During the meeting, the issues of A
Page 122 and 123:
institutions. Afghan special servic
Page 124 and 125:
to prepare him to work in Afghanist
Page 126 and 127:
favor, and inquired as to the natur
Page 128 and 129:
“We will take care of all funding
Page 130 and 131:
services, and to discuss the budget
Page 132 and 133:
was short, without a moustache desp
Page 134 and 135:
children, and myself—and for the
Page 136 and 137:
“Yes guys, this list is extraordi
Page 138 and 139:
This time, General Zaplatin headed
Page 140 and 141:
through Reuters? Do we not have our
Page 142 and 143:
much to discuss.Ulyanovsky started
Page 144 and 145:
enewed force.“According to our fo
Page 146 and 147:
***One evening Starostin was called
Page 148 and 149:
Parcham officers were passive on th
Page 150 and 151:
operative boss,” mused the deputy
Page 152 and 153:
glad that the Soviet comrades had a
Page 154 and 155:
wasn’t involved in any affairs of
Page 156 and 157:
the April Revolution.”The ministe
Page 158 and 159:
do.”“I have no doubt that we wi
Page 160 and 161:
invited to meet with Minister of Fo
Page 162 and 163:
thirty of them. Two of them were im
Page 164 and 165:
decision. The Afghans listened to h
Page 166 and 167:
coordinate recommendations with eac
Page 168 and 169:
April Revolution.Then Karmal took t
Page 170 and 171:
low would be delivered that would u
Page 172 and 173:
“Because they are Parchamis.”
Page 174 and 175:
Having decided to marry his current
Page 176 and 177:
ambassador. He, on the one hand, ca
Page 178 and 179:
the state and party, which would me
Page 180 and 181:
Bobrak?”This was the extent of th
Page 182 and 183:
Indeed, there would be many more So
Page 184 and 185:
Kharazov was tasked by the Central
Page 186 and 187:
courtyard.”“Yes, of course.”
Page 188 and 189:
again.”With a clear sense of reli
Page 190 and 191:
counterintelligence managed to neut
Page 192 and 193:
treatment. He thought that he would
Page 194 and 195:
intervention. He had a very vague i
Page 196 and 197:
interpretation of events. However,
Page 198 and 199:
Amin interrupted him coldly: “I w
Page 200 and 201:
his tormentors to kill him.“Every
Page 202 and 203:
should ask your colleagues to be mo
Page 204 and 205:
years earlier, he was offered a pos
Page 206 and 207:
“Vladimir Alexandrovich,” begge
Page 208 and 209:
he intended to play his own game. I
Page 210 and 211:
was so enamored by the ideology of
Page 212 and 213:
in Russian, “Do chego zhe mir tes
Page 214 and 215:
Starostin often would run into Frye
Page 216 and 217:
were to stay for another year or tw
Page 218 and 219:
“I think that, from the U.S. pers
Page 220 and 221:
leaders were convinced that the Sov
Page 222 and 223:
Thinking about Americans, Valery re
Page 224 and 225:
cannot, with full certainty, qualif
Page 226 and 227:
As Surnin predicted, a CIA operativ
Page 228 and 229:
wish was for them to make the Afgha
Page 230 and 231:
Listening to Boris Nikolayevich, Bo
Page 232 and 233:
until Bogdanov took the floor. He d
Page 234 and 235:
doubts as to the old Communist warr
Page 236 and 237:
simply didn’t have the means to o
Page 238 and 239:
one hand, there was truth to this s
Page 240 and 241:
auspices of the “National Pashtun
Page 242 and 243:
this version of events becomes the
Page 244 and 245:
Kryuchkov remained silent, digestin
Page 246 and 247:
‘true communist’ and his friend
Page 248 and 249:
Babrak Karmal looked extremely conc
Page 250 and 251:
“Think, who could receive this Ba
Page 252 and 253:
Preparations for the first state vi
Page 254 and 255:
The papers also published Comrade T
Page 256 and 257:
young people at the square, told th
Page 258 and 259:
influential Islamist organizations.
Page 260 and 261:
him as though considering their con
Page 262 and 263:
Politburo superseded all protocol.
Page 264 and 265:
with obvious Soviet participation w
Page 266 and 267:
“I am working, Leonid Ilyich!”
Page 268 and 269:
Once, the professor and the future
Page 270 and 271:
As soon as they entered Dvoryankov
Page 272 and 273:
Khan, Valery treated Dvoryankov to
Page 274 and 275:
Sometimes, one should act extremely
Page 276 and 277:
ecame a colony of Britain. Afghan t
Page 278 and 279:
“Valery, do you think that we wou
Page 280 and 281:
in the committee by a bureaucrat fr
Page 282 and 283:
300 Afghani, according to an exchan
Page 284 and 285:
The decree authorized the re-exprop
Page 286 and 287:
Having said goodbye to him, Valery
Page 288 and 289:
Nikolai Alexandrovich Dvoryankov di
Page 290 and 291:
American intelligence services, eve
Page 292 and 293:
***Sergei Bakhturin, an assistant t
Page 294 and 295:
wife were staying in the room. Vese
Page 296 and 297:
On February 13, a reception in hono
Page 298 and 299:
to invite the archaeologist to spea
Page 300 and 301:
a little over two hours to fulfill
Page 302 and 303:
keep hostages in captivity. In othe
Page 304 and 305:
was discovered that the gas in the
Page 306 and 307:
“But how would the safety of Mr.
Page 308 and 309:
“But then you should realize that
Page 310 and 311:
are not as alert. People are more a
Page 312 and 313:
newspaper. He settled on the name G
Page 314 and 315:
“‘The security operatives, havi
Page 316 and 317:
get inside his car? How can his cal
Page 318 and 319:
“Wipe your tears,” he said in a
Page 320 and 321:
differs from the way they think as
Page 322 and 323:
“He told me to pick up my cleats
Page 324 and 325:
describing what had transpired in H
Page 326 and 327:
“I wonder who this person is? I h
Page 328 and 329:
Starostin was not surprised by what
Page 330 and 331:
Badruddin Bahes was close to Muslim
Page 332 and 333:
nationalist and anti-Soviet. Howeve
Page 334 and 335:
while he ruminated, then stared abs
Page 336 and 337:
A: We failed to capture the terrori
Page 338 and 339:
Question from a correspondent of Th
Page 340 and 341:
flag on it. The U.S. ambassador was
Page 342 and 343:
7. Who were the terrorists? It seem
Page 344 and 345:
perceived at the Center? It would s
Page 346 and 347:
Chapter 5:Rebellion in Herat - Firs
Page 348 and 349:
struggle had become a historical le
Page 350 and 351:
Revolution.“I understand that you
Page 352 and 353:
evolutionary, anti-party, and again
Page 354 and 355:
architectural monuments, and other
Page 356 and 357:
een assumed that the Soviets in Afg
Page 358 and 359:
“All of our leaders are waiting f
Page 360 and 361:
spoke with Amin,” Gromyko added.
Page 362 and 363:
decide to send them to Afghanistan?
Page 364 and 365:
mistakes that they have made. Even
Page 366 and 367:
It was a brilliant ploy. Everybody
Page 368 and 369:
necessary to justify possible milit
Page 370 and 371:
Unexpectedly, Andropov moved to sup
Page 372 and 373:
this government. But can our troops
Page 374 and 375:
military divisions had been deploye
Page 376 and 377:
e illiterate his whole life, and to
Page 378 and 379:
economic reforms as the solutions.
Page 380 and 381:
conversation. “I would like to in
Page 382 and 383:
look of satisfaction. He motioned,
Page 384 and 385:
in connection with the additional m
Page 386 and 387:
ased on the Bolshevik experience. F
Page 388 and 389:
would flee to Pakistan after the de
Page 390 and 391:
General Staff for his ruthless exec
Page 392 and 393:
crucial decisions in complex situat
Page 394 and 395:
and respectful when he met with the
Page 396 and 397:
eason Ivanov did not fall prey to s
Page 398 and 399:
Morozov, Khotyaev, and Starostin to
Page 400 and 401:
Marxist-Leninist theory at the time
Page 402 and 403:
violating their sacred duty.”Osad
Page 404 and 405:
community, and the sinfulness of se
Page 406 and 407:
“Unfortunately, this is not alway
Page 408 and 409:
attempting to build socialism in su
Page 410 and 411:
“In an attempt to halt anti-gover
Page 412 and 413:
5. Confidential contacts with S. A.
Page 414 and 415:
factions. The document mentioned th
Page 416 and 417:
with their requests for direct invo
Page 418 and 419:
armed opposition.Further into his m
Page 420 and 421:
esidencies. Halbaiev, the commander
Page 422 and 423:
discussed, Comrade Amin appeared to
Page 424 and 425:
authority. They figured that the mo
Page 426 and 427:
the stage of advanced capitalism on
Page 428 and 429:
Safronchuk.Amin pretended to be ast
Page 430 and 431:
danger to him. However, it is possi
Page 432 and 433:
example, what was the purpose of Am
Page 434 and 435:
“This is what happened,” began
Page 436 and 437:
Ivanov hesitated. There was a silen
Page 438 and 439:
special typewriter. He also had to
Page 440 and 441:
influence. This topic was last disc
Page 442 and 443:
paratroopers, disguised in aviation
Page 444 and 445:
consequences of the confrontation b
Page 446 and 447:
the organizational talents of Hafiz
Page 448 and 449:
Persian Gulf.Détente was coming to
Page 450 and 451:
duration of the war in Afghanistan.
Page 452 and 453:
eported and objectively interpreted
Page 454 and 455:
countries, including Iran, Pakistan
Page 456 and 457:
officers took a seven-month-long co
Page 458 and 459:
Glotov and Alexander Dolmatov were
Page 460 and 461:
You will be assisting me in special
Page 462 and 463:
was surprised to find out that not
Page 464 and 465:
The taxi driver sensed that his pas
Page 466 and 467:
and PGU with great attention.“It
Page 468 and 469:
“Valery, you should meet with Gul
Page 470 and 471:
***Major General Zaplatin was very
Page 472 and 473:
Zaplatin sternly glanced at the int
Page 474 and 475:
The Afghan understood that the Sovi
Page 476 and 477:
them.“Finally, here is the most i
Page 478 and 479:
neighboring Pakistan to become a re
Page 480 and 481:
Afghanistan. Comrade Taraki is faci
Page 482 and 483:
deal with Amin work? Where do the o
Page 484 and 485:
“It looks like the situation with
Page 486 and 487:
analysts in the International Depar
Page 488 and 489:
1. Find a way to remove H. Amin fro
Page 490 and 491:
water has such healing properties t
Page 492 and 493:
the other leaders of the faction wh
Page 494 and 495:
was burning our hearts. We simply c
Page 496 and 497:
carry out a coup d’etat by overth
Page 498 and 499:
indignation of Czech citizens watch
Page 500 and 501:
global revolutionary movement. That
Page 502 and 503:
workers, avant-garde peasants, and
Page 504 and 505:
Council in leading the party and st
Page 506 and 507:
that is happening behind my back.
Page 508 and 509:
Petrov responded sternly, briefly s
Page 510 and 511:
clear to him that he had to return
Page 512 and 513:
statement without the support of th
Page 514 and 515:
There were also several plain-cloth
Page 516 and 517:
People’s Palace, where a joint me
Page 518 and 519:
position within the leadership of t
Page 520 and 521:
greeting, he informed me that Amin
Page 522 and 523:
Alexander Mikhailovich Puzanov, Sov
Page 524 and 525:
I suggested that we kick them out i
Page 526 and 527:
your man or Amin’s man?”“He w
Page 528 and 529:
his friends had already been arrest
Page 530 and 531:
By some strange coincidence, all of
Page 532 and 533:
party, demanding that he remove the
Page 534 and 535:
Afghan school teacher, Valery decid
Page 536 and 537:
path. We must do everything possibl
Page 538 and 539:
Taraki called Amin and spoke in Pas
Page 540 and 541:
esolution. He was now in control of
Page 542 and 543:
in an open power struggle. Or perha
Page 544 and 545:
the Afghans? Maybe we should just h
Page 546 and 547:
had helped create. It was clear tha
Page 548 and 549:
activists.After he drafted the cabl
Page 550 and 551:
“No, thank you. I’d rather she
Page 552 and 553:
ecognized leader of the democratic
Page 554 and 555:
the couch to flip through the Sovie
Page 556 and 557:
custody of the Armed Forces of Afgh
Page 558 and 559:
“I don’t think that will ever h
Page 560 and 561:
you over to Amin,” Starostin repl
Page 562 and 563:
Taraki, his family, or his allies.
Page 564 and 565:
second truck would monitor the inte
Page 566 and 567:
currency. Boris Semyonovich ordered
Page 568 and 569:
session so that we might hear his e
Page 570 and 571:
disappearance of Sarwari and the fo
Page 572 and 573:
eplacing him, why did you shelter a
Page 574 and 575:
interlocutor, ignoring Kurilov’s
Page 576 and 577:
issued cargo boxes.These preparatio
Page 578 and 579:
compact, they faced less difficulty
Page 580 and 581:
and the convoy continued its drive
Page 582 and 583:
suggested that he thoroughly clean
Page 584 and 585:
opposition figures was an obvious e
Page 586 and 587:
“So Taraki’s time is over?” a
Page 588 and 589:
said Zaplatin emphatically. Ustinov
Page 590 and 591:
“This is good. Please tell me, wh
Page 592 and 593:
military intervention.” But it al
Page 594 and 595:
expressed.“It is now clear that w
Page 596 and 597:
We were left untouched for the next
Page 598 and 599:
Chapter 8:Death Sentence“The city
Page 600 and 601:
living. They knew that the armed fo
Page 602 and 603:
were expelled from local authoritie
Page 604 and 605:
soon considered to be equivalent to
Page 606 and 607:
In the middle of October, military
Page 608 and 609:
The next morning, Bogdanov’s peop
Page 610 and 611:
“We ought to serve,” the ambass
Page 612 and 613:
the translation, was shocked. It wa
Page 614 and 615:
“May I speak to you not according
Page 616 and 617:
In concluding his speech, Amin said
Page 618 and 619:
contribution to this transformation
Page 620 and 621:
It was clear that the Center had to
Page 622 and 623:
circumstances. All conversations of
Page 624 and 625:
attaché reported, “Amin managed
Page 626 and 627:
doctors, he continued to smoke his
Page 628 and 629:
services, which we are currently in
Page 630 and 631:
“We’ve heard this before, Andre
Page 632 and 633:
and hydrogen bombs. He was the mini
Page 634 and 635:
The results of the discussion were
Page 636 and 637:
If facts indicating a change in Ami
Page 638 and 639:
minister understood the difficultie
Page 640 and 641:
“We can bring in some of our troo
Page 642 and 643:
Having returned to Kabul, Gorelov s
Page 644 and 645:
The helicopter brought Zaplatin to
Page 646 and 647:
intervention in Afghanistan. Ustino
Page 648 and 649:
Soviet Union. The first secretary o
Page 650 and 651:
Collectively, all of those factors
Page 652 and 653:
state. They would be informed as to
Page 654 and 655:
additional specific instructions ha
Page 656 and 657:
a hill, and was comparatively vulne
Page 658 and 659:
performed culinary miracles, partic
Page 660 and 661:
consulted about ways to install pow
Page 662 and 663:
you are constantly engaged in intri
Page 664 and 665:
possible only under the condition o
Page 666 and 667:
To make a long story short, by the
Page 668 and 669:
doubt flickered across his face. So
Page 670 and 671:
Karmal’s faith in popular support
Page 672 and 673:
Babrak Karmal was an educated and i
Page 674 and 675:
thanks to the pilot’s skill and p
Page 676 and 677:
head of state. He wanted to be rece
Page 678 and 679:
The final decision that day was not
Page 680 and 681:
“Well, Volodya, it is time to act
Page 682 and 683:
Aligned Movement, of which Afghanis
Page 684 and 685:
Kryuchkov had to issue the signal t
Page 686 and 687: “At this point, you should stop s
Page 688 and 689: The “cook” Mikhail T. poisoned
Page 690 and 691: The poison worked, but strangely, o
Page 692 and 693: “Everybody is here,” Kurilov as
Page 694 and 695: “Is it possible to see a floor pl
Page 696 and 697: Fear of potential failure played a
Page 698 and 699: training the special forces units a
Page 700 and 701: “It would be good for you to send
Page 702 and 703: Amin was happy to hear that. He see
Page 704 and 705: Akhromeev, the deputy head of the G
Page 706 and 707: spectacularly into the mountains su
Page 708 and 709: pancakes, veal, and traditional bak
Page 710 and 711: A week later, Osadchiy summoned Sta
Page 712 and 713: “What do you think of me, Vilior
Page 714 and 715: “The leadership of the Central Co
Page 716 and 717: the remaining food and drink to be
Page 718 and 719: In total, twenty-five Afghans, incl
Page 720 and 721: more decisive action in Afghanistan
Page 722 and 723: But even the “special people,”
Page 724 and 725: about their sources of information
Page 726 and 727: care of. What happened to the famil
Page 728 and 729: Naturally, Soviet military interven
Page 730 and 731: However, not only did Taraki not cr
Page 732 and 733: BibliographyBooksAblazov, V. I. Afg
Page 734 and 735: Internal Affairs Advisers about the
Page 738 and 739: from 1977-1983.Biryukov, L. I. —
Page 740: Shah Wali — A prominent member of
show all

The Road to Afghanistan - George Washington University

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?