The Road to Afghanistan - George Washington University

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The results of the discussion were reflected in the protocol for the Politburomeeting of October 31, 1979. A grim evaluation of the actions of the new Afghan leader wasgiven at that meeting. It was mentioned that Amin had expanded the scale of repression,that he was preparing to eliminate a group of PDPA Politburo members, and that he waslosing the trust of his Khalqi colleagues:“Signs of Amin’s attempts to establish contacts with representatives of the Muslimopposition and anti-government tribal leaders are disconcerting. There are indicationssuggesting that the new leadership intends to conduct ‘better balanced politics’ regardingWestern states…”“Amin’s behavior in the sphere of relations with the USSR demonstrates his lack ofsincerity and hypocrisy more and more distinctly…”“Not only does Amin make no effort to curtail anti-Soviet discourse, he de factoencourages it…”It was concluded at that Politburo meeting that the Soviets had to deal with thepower-hungry, cruel, and treacherous leader. The scenario of Amin taking a step towardschanging the political orientation of the regime for the sake of preserving his personalpower was not excluded.The Politburo document suggested maintaining the following course of action:1) To continue working with Amin and the current leadership of the DRAwithout giving Amin reason to believe that we do not trust him and wouldrather not deal with him. To use contacts with Amin in order to applypressure on him and simultaneously gain insight into his true nature.634
2) Taking into account our general tactics in regards to Amin at this currentstage as well as his desire to visit Moscow on an official visit to meet L.I.Brezhnev and other Soviet leaders, we should respond positively in principleto his wish to visit, without proposing specific dates…4) To instruct operatives from all Soviet establishments in Afghanistan tointensify monitoring of the situation in the country, as well as to watchclosely its leading party and state activists, army commanders, and securityservices.5) Military assistance to Afghanistan should be provided on a limited scale…Further supply of heavy armaments and military technology should besuspended for the time being.6) …Not to satisfy Amin’s request to send Soviet military detachments for hispersonal protection……11) The Soviet embassy in Kabul, the KGB, the Ministry of Defense, and theInternational Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU should studythe political and practical actions of Amin and his entourage towards Afghaninternationalists, patriots, the cadres who were educated in the Soviet Unionand other socialist countries, reactionary Muslim clerics, tribal leaders, andtowards foreign policy ties between Afghanistan and the West, the USA andChina in particular.635
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Chapter 1:VIRUS: How the invasion o
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arranged meeting point for the emer
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that Orlov-Morozov wrote to the Cen
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political situation developing in t
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as accomplices, received long-term
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World War II, Prince Daoud Khan, th
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“Can you imagine, Comrade General
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no idea that some destructive polit
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General Gorelov was particularly co
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ascent. One plane, flying low above
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would retrieve vodka along with gla
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laid down on the couch. He felt pre
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possible contingency. Any unforesee
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In July 1973, Major Qadir and his g
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the Parcham faction, also became mi
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the military transport division of
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on the morning of April 27, the off
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there were passwords. I think Amin
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commander suddenly stopped and turn
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in the lead tank, which was compris
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KGB colleagues, exiting the embassy
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married?”“I wonder whose side t
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detachments. The analyst of the Res
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front of the airport and drove back
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complained to him, “Your trade re
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“What’s wrong? Should I call a
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awaiting further instructions. My a
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well-prepared speech that touched u
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Youth”) in the 1940s. Babrak also
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eally need to act a year ago, becau
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After Daoud’s visit to Moscow, th
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that could be leveled against me or
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looming in the fields, to be handed
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“And what about Daoud?”“I don
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sent the commander of the President
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another Central Committee member, t
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forces in the country, which had be
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explosions in the night sky. Only a
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When the bodies were removed from t
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Chapter 2:“We Knocked Out Their T
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deputy resident gave Valery an indi
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trusted the deputy resident, who wa
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Alexander Victorovich puffed his pi
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As evening came, the city was shrou
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honor, religion, and property, we d
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evolution and kill the president if
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theory, thinks as if the Pashtun
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analyst’s intentions.***The morni
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Vladimir Alexandrovich was accustom
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intelligence officers, yet they wer
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“He thinks that he will recover s
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Three years ago, General Leonov was
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Politburo would be unpredictable. S
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Tomorrow? What time? I think it’s
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During the meeting, the issues of A
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institutions. Afghan special servic
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to prepare him to work in Afghanist
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favor, and inquired as to the natur
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“We will take care of all funding
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services, and to discuss the budget
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was short, without a moustache desp
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children, and myself—and for the
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“Yes guys, this list is extraordi
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This time, General Zaplatin headed
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through Reuters? Do we not have our
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much to discuss.Ulyanovsky started
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enewed force.“According to our fo
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***One evening Starostin was called
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Parcham officers were passive on th
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operative boss,” mused the deputy
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glad that the Soviet comrades had a
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wasn’t involved in any affairs of
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the April Revolution.”The ministe
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do.”“I have no doubt that we wi
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invited to meet with Minister of Fo
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thirty of them. Two of them were im
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decision. The Afghans listened to h
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coordinate recommendations with eac
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April Revolution.Then Karmal took t
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low would be delivered that would u
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“Because they are Parchamis.”
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Having decided to marry his current
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ambassador. He, on the one hand, ca
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the state and party, which would me
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Bobrak?”This was the extent of th
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Indeed, there would be many more So
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Kharazov was tasked by the Central
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courtyard.”“Yes, of course.”
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again.”With a clear sense of reli
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counterintelligence managed to neut
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treatment. He thought that he would
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intervention. He had a very vague i
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interpretation of events. However,
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Amin interrupted him coldly: “I w
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his tormentors to kill him.“Every
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should ask your colleagues to be mo
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years earlier, he was offered a pos
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“Vladimir Alexandrovich,” begge
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he intended to play his own game. I
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was so enamored by the ideology of
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in Russian, “Do chego zhe mir tes
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Starostin often would run into Frye
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were to stay for another year or tw
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“I think that, from the U.S. pers
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leaders were convinced that the Sov
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Thinking about Americans, Valery re
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cannot, with full certainty, qualif
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As Surnin predicted, a CIA operativ
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wish was for them to make the Afgha
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Listening to Boris Nikolayevich, Bo
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until Bogdanov took the floor. He d
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doubts as to the old Communist warr
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simply didn’t have the means to o
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one hand, there was truth to this s
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auspices of the “National Pashtun
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this version of events becomes the
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Kryuchkov remained silent, digestin
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‘true communist’ and his friend
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Babrak Karmal looked extremely conc
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“Think, who could receive this Ba
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Preparations for the first state vi
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The papers also published Comrade T
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young people at the square, told th
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influential Islamist organizations.
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him as though considering their con
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Politburo superseded all protocol.
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with obvious Soviet participation w
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“I am working, Leonid Ilyich!”
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Once, the professor and the future
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As soon as they entered Dvoryankov
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Khan, Valery treated Dvoryankov to
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Sometimes, one should act extremely
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ecame a colony of Britain. Afghan t
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“Valery, do you think that we wou
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in the committee by a bureaucrat fr
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300 Afghani, according to an exchan
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The decree authorized the re-exprop
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Having said goodbye to him, Valery
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Nikolai Alexandrovich Dvoryankov di
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American intelligence services, eve
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***Sergei Bakhturin, an assistant t
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wife were staying in the room. Vese
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On February 13, a reception in hono
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to invite the archaeologist to spea
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a little over two hours to fulfill
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keep hostages in captivity. In othe
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was discovered that the gas in the
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“But how would the safety of Mr.
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“But then you should realize that
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are not as alert. People are more a
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newspaper. He settled on the name G
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“‘The security operatives, havi
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get inside his car? How can his cal
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“Wipe your tears,” he said in a
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differs from the way they think as
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“He told me to pick up my cleats
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describing what had transpired in H
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“I wonder who this person is? I h
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Starostin was not surprised by what
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Badruddin Bahes was close to Muslim
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nationalist and anti-Soviet. Howeve
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while he ruminated, then stared abs
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A: We failed to capture the terrori
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Question from a correspondent of Th
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flag on it. The U.S. ambassador was
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7. Who were the terrorists? It seem
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perceived at the Center? It would s
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Chapter 5:Rebellion in Herat - Firs
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struggle had become a historical le
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Revolution.“I understand that you
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evolutionary, anti-party, and again
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architectural monuments, and other
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een assumed that the Soviets in Afg
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“All of our leaders are waiting f
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spoke with Amin,” Gromyko added.
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decide to send them to Afghanistan?
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mistakes that they have made. Even
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It was a brilliant ploy. Everybody
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necessary to justify possible milit
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Unexpectedly, Andropov moved to sup
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this government. But can our troops
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military divisions had been deploye
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e illiterate his whole life, and to
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economic reforms as the solutions.
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conversation. “I would like to in
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look of satisfaction. He motioned,
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in connection with the additional m
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ased on the Bolshevik experience. F
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would flee to Pakistan after the de
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General Staff for his ruthless exec
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crucial decisions in complex situat
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and respectful when he met with the
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eason Ivanov did not fall prey to s
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Morozov, Khotyaev, and Starostin to
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Marxist-Leninist theory at the time
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violating their sacred duty.”Osad
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community, and the sinfulness of se
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“Unfortunately, this is not alway
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attempting to build socialism in su
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“In an attempt to halt anti-gover
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5. Confidential contacts with S. A.
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factions. The document mentioned th
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with their requests for direct invo
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armed opposition.Further into his m
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esidencies. Halbaiev, the commander
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discussed, Comrade Amin appeared to
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authority. They figured that the mo
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the stage of advanced capitalism on
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Safronchuk.Amin pretended to be ast
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danger to him. However, it is possi
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example, what was the purpose of Am
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“This is what happened,” began
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Ivanov hesitated. There was a silen
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special typewriter. He also had to
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influence. This topic was last disc
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paratroopers, disguised in aviation
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consequences of the confrontation b
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the organizational talents of Hafiz
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Persian Gulf.Détente was coming to
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duration of the war in Afghanistan.
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eported and objectively interpreted
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countries, including Iran, Pakistan
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officers took a seven-month-long co
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Glotov and Alexander Dolmatov were
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You will be assisting me in special
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was surprised to find out that not
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The taxi driver sensed that his pas
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and PGU with great attention.“It
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“Valery, you should meet with Gul
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***Major General Zaplatin was very
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Zaplatin sternly glanced at the int
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The Afghan understood that the Sovi
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them.“Finally, here is the most i
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neighboring Pakistan to become a re
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Afghanistan. Comrade Taraki is faci
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deal with Amin work? Where do the o
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“It looks like the situation with
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analysts in the International Depar
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1. Find a way to remove H. Amin fro
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water has such healing properties t
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the other leaders of the faction wh
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was burning our hearts. We simply c
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carry out a coup d’etat by overth
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indignation of Czech citizens watch
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global revolutionary movement. That
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workers, avant-garde peasants, and
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Council in leading the party and st
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that is happening behind my back.
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Petrov responded sternly, briefly s
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clear to him that he had to return
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statement without the support of th
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There were also several plain-cloth
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People’s Palace, where a joint me
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position within the leadership of t
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greeting, he informed me that Amin
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Alexander Mikhailovich Puzanov, Sov
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I suggested that we kick them out i
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your man or Amin’s man?”“He w
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his friends had already been arrest
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By some strange coincidence, all of
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party, demanding that he remove the
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Afghan school teacher, Valery decid
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path. We must do everything possibl
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Taraki called Amin and spoke in Pas
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esolution. He was now in control of
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in an open power struggle. Or perha
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the Afghans? Maybe we should just h
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had helped create. It was clear tha
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activists.After he drafted the cabl
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“No, thank you. I’d rather she
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ecognized leader of the democratic
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the couch to flip through the Sovie
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custody of the Armed Forces of Afgh
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“I don’t think that will ever h
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you over to Amin,” Starostin repl
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Taraki, his family, or his allies.
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second truck would monitor the inte
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currency. Boris Semyonovich ordered
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session so that we might hear his e
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disappearance of Sarwari and the fo
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eplacing him, why did you shelter a
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interlocutor, ignoring Kurilov’s
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issued cargo boxes.These preparatio
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compact, they faced less difficulty
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and the convoy continued its drive
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suggested that he thoroughly clean
Page 584 and 585: opposition figures was an obvious e
Page 586 and 587: “So Taraki’s time is over?” a
Page 588 and 589: said Zaplatin emphatically. Ustinov
Page 590 and 591: “This is good. Please tell me, wh
Page 592 and 593: military intervention.” But it al
Page 594 and 595: expressed.“It is now clear that w
Page 596 and 597: We were left untouched for the next
Page 598 and 599: Chapter 8:Death Sentence“The city
Page 600 and 601: living. They knew that the armed fo
Page 602 and 603: were expelled from local authoritie
Page 604 and 605: soon considered to be equivalent to
Page 606 and 607: In the middle of October, military
Page 608 and 609: The next morning, Bogdanov’s peop
Page 610 and 611: “We ought to serve,” the ambass
Page 612 and 613: the translation, was shocked. It wa
Page 614 and 615: “May I speak to you not according
Page 616 and 617: In concluding his speech, Amin said
Page 618 and 619: contribution to this transformation
Page 620 and 621: It was clear that the Center had to
Page 622 and 623: circumstances. All conversations of
Page 624 and 625: attaché reported, “Amin managed
Page 626 and 627: doctors, he continued to smoke his
Page 628 and 629: services, which we are currently in
Page 630 and 631: “We’ve heard this before, Andre
Page 632 and 633: and hydrogen bombs. He was the mini
Page 636 and 637: If facts indicating a change in Ami
Page 638 and 639: minister understood the difficultie
Page 640 and 641: “We can bring in some of our troo
Page 642 and 643: Having returned to Kabul, Gorelov s
Page 644 and 645: The helicopter brought Zaplatin to
Page 646 and 647: intervention in Afghanistan. Ustino
Page 648 and 649: Soviet Union. The first secretary o
Page 650 and 651: Collectively, all of those factors
Page 652 and 653: state. They would be informed as to
Page 654 and 655: additional specific instructions ha
Page 656 and 657: a hill, and was comparatively vulne
Page 658 and 659: performed culinary miracles, partic
Page 660 and 661: consulted about ways to install pow
Page 662 and 663: you are constantly engaged in intri
Page 664 and 665: possible only under the condition o
Page 666 and 667: To make a long story short, by the
Page 668 and 669: doubt flickered across his face. So
Page 670 and 671: Karmal’s faith in popular support
Page 672 and 673: Babrak Karmal was an educated and i
Page 674 and 675: thanks to the pilot’s skill and p
Page 676 and 677: head of state. He wanted to be rece
Page 678 and 679: The final decision that day was not
Page 680 and 681: “Well, Volodya, it is time to act
Page 682 and 683: Aligned Movement, of which Afghanis
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Kryuchkov had to issue the signal t
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“At this point, you should stop s
Page 688 and 689:
The “cook” Mikhail T. poisoned
Page 690 and 691:
The poison worked, but strangely, o
Page 692 and 693:
“Everybody is here,” Kurilov as
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“Is it possible to see a floor pl
Page 696 and 697:
Fear of potential failure played a
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training the special forces units a
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“It would be good for you to send
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Amin was happy to hear that. He see
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Akhromeev, the deputy head of the G
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spectacularly into the mountains su
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pancakes, veal, and traditional bak
Page 710 and 711:
A week later, Osadchiy summoned Sta
Page 712 and 713:
“What do you think of me, Vilior
Page 714 and 715:
“The leadership of the Central Co
Page 716 and 717:
the remaining food and drink to be
Page 718 and 719:
In total, twenty-five Afghans, incl
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more decisive action in Afghanistan
Page 722 and 723:
But even the “special people,”
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about their sources of information
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care of. What happened to the famil
Page 728 and 729:
Naturally, Soviet military interven
Page 730 and 731:
However, not only did Taraki not cr
Page 732 and 733:
BibliographyBooksAblazov, V. I. Afg
Page 734 and 735:
Internal Affairs Advisers about the
Page 736 and 737:
[Afghanistan: Opposition and the Au
Page 738 and 739:
from 1977-1983.Biryukov, L. I. —
Page 740:
Shah Wali — A prominent member of
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