13.07.2015
•
Views
struggle had become a historical legacy, the subject of books, memoirs, and mythology.They recognized those ideals as vital to their own cultural history and accepted that arevolutionary struggle was taking place in Afghanistan, directly outside their door. Thebattle of good versus evil that they regarded as a real and integral aspect of their identitytook shape with renewed force in Afghanistan. Long live freedom! Away with exploitation!With few exceptions, Afghans today remember those Soviet advisers in a favorablelight. Afghans appreciated their courage and altruism, and sensed in their Soviet friends asincere desire to help. Bad incidents were forgiven and the positive contributions areremembered to this day.The greatest number of Soviet advisers was allocated to the Armed Forces ofAfghanistan. Behind every Afghan general, colonel, and major were Soviet generals,colonels, and majors. Soviet military advisers worked in every military unit, headquarters,school, and academy.Meanwhile, the political influence of the head of the Soviet military advisorymission, General Gorelov, grew exponentially. Lev Nikolayevich was becoming more andmore prominent in Afghan affairs.He openly sympathized with Amin and considered him, not without merit, the realruler of the country. Amin recognized this fact. By then Amin had perfected his system ofmonitoring Soviet specialists, particularly those who held the most power. At one point,Amin asked Gorelov to give him weekly lessons in military theory. Gorelov obliged, andduring long sessions introduced the Afghan leader to strategy, tactics, weaponry,ammunition, military technology, and details of military law. Gorelov’s admiration of theenergetic and curious Afghan politician, who stood out among other Afghan ministers who348
did not bother to learn, continued to grow as a result of these sessions.Amin often asked Generals Gorelov and Zaplatin, with an increasing sense of insult,for the reasons that their Soviet comrades in Moscow remained sympathetic to theParchamis instead of rejecting them outright, or, better yet, handing them over toAfghanistan’s security services in order that they be “tried.” On one occasion he broke intoa diatribe in an attempt to explain the irreconcilable divide between the two factions to hisSoviet friends.“Why, in your opinion, have the two factions done nothing but quarrel sinceestablishing the PDPA?” Amin asked the generals.“Different views regarding tactics and strategy,” Zaplatin replied cautiously.“Khalqis come from the lowest strata of society, while Parchamis represent the midandtop-level bourgeoisie and feudal circles,” Gorelov observed less diplomatically. “In myopinion, this is part of the larger issue of class divisions.”“All of this is correct,” said Amin, “but now allow me to name the main reason. I hopeyou will share this with your leadership and open the eyes of our comrades who stillblindly trust Karmal. The split in the party is a result of imperialist and feudal reaction.Parchamism was conceived artificially in the depths of our special services, the secretpolice, and military counterintelligence. Karmal and his allies are agents who wererecruited during the monarchical regime. I’m sure that their true bosses work far fromKabul, either in the United States or in Bonn.”The generals exchanged meaningful glances. Lev Nikolayevich remembered wellthat a high-level KGB official mentioned in passing at the banya that Karmal, Taraki, andAmin himself had all worked very closely with the KGB in the time leading up to the April349
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Chapter 1:VIRUS: How the invasion o
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arranged meeting point for the emer
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that Orlov-Morozov wrote to the Cen
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political situation developing in t
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as accomplices, received long-term
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World War II, Prince Daoud Khan, th
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“Can you imagine, Comrade General
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no idea that some destructive polit
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General Gorelov was particularly co
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ascent. One plane, flying low above
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would retrieve vodka along with gla
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laid down on the couch. He felt pre
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possible contingency. Any unforesee
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In July 1973, Major Qadir and his g
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the Parcham faction, also became mi
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the military transport division of
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on the morning of April 27, the off
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there were passwords. I think Amin
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commander suddenly stopped and turn
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in the lead tank, which was compris
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KGB colleagues, exiting the embassy
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married?”“I wonder whose side t
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detachments. The analyst of the Res
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front of the airport and drove back
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complained to him, “Your trade re
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“What’s wrong? Should I call a
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awaiting further instructions. My a
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well-prepared speech that touched u
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Youth”) in the 1940s. Babrak also
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eally need to act a year ago, becau
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After Daoud’s visit to Moscow, th
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that could be leveled against me or
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looming in the fields, to be handed
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“And what about Daoud?”“I don
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sent the commander of the President
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another Central Committee member, t
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forces in the country, which had be
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explosions in the night sky. Only a
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When the bodies were removed from t
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Chapter 2:“We Knocked Out Their T
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deputy resident gave Valery an indi
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trusted the deputy resident, who wa
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Alexander Victorovich puffed his pi
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As evening came, the city was shrou
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honor, religion, and property, we d
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evolution and kill the president if
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theory, thinks as if the Pashtun
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analyst’s intentions.***The morni
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Vladimir Alexandrovich was accustom
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intelligence officers, yet they wer
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“He thinks that he will recover s
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Three years ago, General Leonov was
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Politburo would be unpredictable. S
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Tomorrow? What time? I think it’s
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During the meeting, the issues of A
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institutions. Afghan special servic
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to prepare him to work in Afghanist
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favor, and inquired as to the natur
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“We will take care of all funding
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services, and to discuss the budget
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was short, without a moustache desp
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children, and myself—and for the
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“Yes guys, this list is extraordi
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This time, General Zaplatin headed
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through Reuters? Do we not have our
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much to discuss.Ulyanovsky started
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enewed force.“According to our fo
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***One evening Starostin was called
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Parcham officers were passive on th
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operative boss,” mused the deputy
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glad that the Soviet comrades had a
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wasn’t involved in any affairs of
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the April Revolution.”The ministe
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do.”“I have no doubt that we wi
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invited to meet with Minister of Fo
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thirty of them. Two of them were im
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decision. The Afghans listened to h
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coordinate recommendations with eac
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April Revolution.Then Karmal took t
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low would be delivered that would u
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“Because they are Parchamis.”
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Having decided to marry his current
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ambassador. He, on the one hand, ca
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the state and party, which would me
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Bobrak?”This was the extent of th
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Indeed, there would be many more So
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Kharazov was tasked by the Central
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courtyard.”“Yes, of course.”
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again.”With a clear sense of reli
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counterintelligence managed to neut
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treatment. He thought that he would
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intervention. He had a very vague i
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interpretation of events. However,
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Amin interrupted him coldly: “I w
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his tormentors to kill him.“Every
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should ask your colleagues to be mo
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years earlier, he was offered a pos
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“Vladimir Alexandrovich,” begge
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he intended to play his own game. I
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was so enamored by the ideology of
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in Russian, “Do chego zhe mir tes
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Starostin often would run into Frye
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were to stay for another year or tw
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“I think that, from the U.S. pers
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leaders were convinced that the Sov
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Thinking about Americans, Valery re
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cannot, with full certainty, qualif
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As Surnin predicted, a CIA operativ
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wish was for them to make the Afgha
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Listening to Boris Nikolayevich, Bo
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until Bogdanov took the floor. He d
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doubts as to the old Communist warr
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simply didn’t have the means to o
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one hand, there was truth to this s
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auspices of the “National Pashtun
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this version of events becomes the
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Kryuchkov remained silent, digestin
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‘true communist’ and his friend
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Babrak Karmal looked extremely conc
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“Think, who could receive this Ba
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Preparations for the first state vi
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The papers also published Comrade T
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young people at the square, told th
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influential Islamist organizations.
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him as though considering their con
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Politburo superseded all protocol.
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with obvious Soviet participation w
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“I am working, Leonid Ilyich!”
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Once, the professor and the future
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As soon as they entered Dvoryankov
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Khan, Valery treated Dvoryankov to
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Sometimes, one should act extremely
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ecame a colony of Britain. Afghan t
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“Valery, do you think that we wou
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in the committee by a bureaucrat fr
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300 Afghani, according to an exchan
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The decree authorized the re-exprop
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Having said goodbye to him, Valery
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Nikolai Alexandrovich Dvoryankov di
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American intelligence services, eve
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***Sergei Bakhturin, an assistant t
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wife were staying in the room. Vese
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On February 13, a reception in hono
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to invite the archaeologist to spea
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a little over two hours to fulfill
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keep hostages in captivity. In othe
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was discovered that the gas in the
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“But how would the safety of Mr.
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“But then you should realize that
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are not as alert. People are more a
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newspaper. He settled on the name G
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“‘The security operatives, havi
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get inside his car? How can his cal
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“Wipe your tears,” he said in a
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differs from the way they think as
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“He told me to pick up my cleats
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describing what had transpired in H
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“I wonder who this person is? I h
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Starostin was not surprised by what
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Badruddin Bahes was close to Muslim
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nationalist and anti-Soviet. Howeve
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while he ruminated, then stared abs
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A: We failed to capture the terrori
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Question from a correspondent of Th
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flag on it. The U.S. ambassador was
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7. Who were the terrorists? It seem
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perceived at the Center? It would s
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Chapter 5:Rebellion in Herat - Firs
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Revolution.“I understand that you
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evolutionary, anti-party, and again
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architectural monuments, and other
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een assumed that the Soviets in Afg
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“All of our leaders are waiting f
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spoke with Amin,” Gromyko added.
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decide to send them to Afghanistan?
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mistakes that they have made. Even
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It was a brilliant ploy. Everybody
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necessary to justify possible milit
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Unexpectedly, Andropov moved to sup
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this government. But can our troops
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military divisions had been deploye
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e illiterate his whole life, and to
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economic reforms as the solutions.
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conversation. “I would like to in
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look of satisfaction. He motioned,
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in connection with the additional m
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ased on the Bolshevik experience. F
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would flee to Pakistan after the de
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General Staff for his ruthless exec
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crucial decisions in complex situat
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and respectful when he met with the
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eason Ivanov did not fall prey to s
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Morozov, Khotyaev, and Starostin to
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Marxist-Leninist theory at the time
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violating their sacred duty.”Osad
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community, and the sinfulness of se
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“Unfortunately, this is not alway
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attempting to build socialism in su
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“In an attempt to halt anti-gover
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5. Confidential contacts with S. A.
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factions. The document mentioned th
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with their requests for direct invo
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armed opposition.Further into his m
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esidencies. Halbaiev, the commander
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Page 422 and 423:
discussed, Comrade Amin appeared to
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authority. They figured that the mo
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the stage of advanced capitalism on
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Safronchuk.Amin pretended to be ast
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danger to him. However, it is possi
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example, what was the purpose of Am
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“This is what happened,” began
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Ivanov hesitated. There was a silen
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special typewriter. He also had to
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influence. This topic was last disc
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paratroopers, disguised in aviation
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consequences of the confrontation b
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the organizational talents of Hafiz
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Persian Gulf.Détente was coming to
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duration of the war in Afghanistan.
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eported and objectively interpreted
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countries, including Iran, Pakistan
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officers took a seven-month-long co
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Glotov and Alexander Dolmatov were
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You will be assisting me in special
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was surprised to find out that not
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The taxi driver sensed that his pas
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and PGU with great attention.“It
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“Valery, you should meet with Gul
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***Major General Zaplatin was very
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Zaplatin sternly glanced at the int
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The Afghan understood that the Sovi
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them.“Finally, here is the most i
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neighboring Pakistan to become a re
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Afghanistan. Comrade Taraki is faci
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deal with Amin work? Where do the o
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“It looks like the situation with
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analysts in the International Depar
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1. Find a way to remove H. Amin fro
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water has such healing properties t
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the other leaders of the faction wh
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Page 494 and 495:
was burning our hearts. We simply c
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carry out a coup d’etat by overth
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indignation of Czech citizens watch
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Page 500 and 501:
global revolutionary movement. That
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Page 502 and 503:
workers, avant-garde peasants, and
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Council in leading the party and st
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that is happening behind my back.
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Petrov responded sternly, briefly s
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clear to him that he had to return
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statement without the support of th
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There were also several plain-cloth
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People’s Palace, where a joint me
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position within the leadership of t
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greeting, he informed me that Amin
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Alexander Mikhailovich Puzanov, Sov
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I suggested that we kick them out i
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your man or Amin’s man?”“He w
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his friends had already been arrest
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By some strange coincidence, all of
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party, demanding that he remove the
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Afghan school teacher, Valery decid
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path. We must do everything possibl
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Page 538 and 539:
Taraki called Amin and spoke in Pas
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Page 540 and 541:
esolution. He was now in control of
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Page 542 and 543:
in an open power struggle. Or perha
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Page 544 and 545:
the Afghans? Maybe we should just h
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had helped create. It was clear tha
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Page 548 and 549:
activists.After he drafted the cabl
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Page 550 and 551:
“No, thank you. I’d rather she
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Page 552 and 553:
ecognized leader of the democratic
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Page 554 and 555:
the couch to flip through the Sovie
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custody of the Armed Forces of Afgh
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Page 558 and 559:
“I don’t think that will ever h
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you over to Amin,” Starostin repl
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Taraki, his family, or his allies.
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second truck would monitor the inte
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currency. Boris Semyonovich ordered
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session so that we might hear his e
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disappearance of Sarwari and the fo
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Page 572 and 573:
eplacing him, why did you shelter a
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interlocutor, ignoring Kurilov’s
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issued cargo boxes.These preparatio
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compact, they faced less difficulty
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and the convoy continued its drive
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suggested that he thoroughly clean
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opposition figures was an obvious e
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“So Taraki’s time is over?” a
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said Zaplatin emphatically. Ustinov
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“This is good. Please tell me, wh
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military intervention.” But it al
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expressed.“It is now clear that w
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We were left untouched for the next
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Chapter 8:Death Sentence“The city
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living. They knew that the armed fo
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were expelled from local authoritie
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Page 604 and 605:
soon considered to be equivalent to
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Page 606 and 607:
In the middle of October, military
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Page 608 and 609:
The next morning, Bogdanov’s peop
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“We ought to serve,” the ambass
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the translation, was shocked. It wa
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Page 614 and 615:
“May I speak to you not according
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Page 616 and 617:
In concluding his speech, Amin said
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contribution to this transformation
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Page 620 and 621:
It was clear that the Center had to
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circumstances. All conversations of
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attaché reported, “Amin managed
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doctors, he continued to smoke his
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Page 628 and 629:
services, which we are currently in
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“We’ve heard this before, Andre
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and hydrogen bombs. He was the mini
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The results of the discussion were
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Page 636 and 637:
If facts indicating a change in Ami
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minister understood the difficultie
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“We can bring in some of our troo
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Page 642 and 643:
Having returned to Kabul, Gorelov s
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The helicopter brought Zaplatin to
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intervention in Afghanistan. Ustino
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Soviet Union. The first secretary o
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Page 650 and 651:
Collectively, all of those factors
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state. They would be informed as to
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Page 654 and 655:
additional specific instructions ha
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a hill, and was comparatively vulne
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performed culinary miracles, partic
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consulted about ways to install pow
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you are constantly engaged in intri
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possible only under the condition o
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To make a long story short, by the
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doubt flickered across his face. So
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Karmal’s faith in popular support
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Babrak Karmal was an educated and i
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Page 674 and 675:
thanks to the pilot’s skill and p
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Page 676 and 677:
head of state. He wanted to be rece
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The final decision that day was not
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“Well, Volodya, it is time to act
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Aligned Movement, of which Afghanis
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Kryuchkov had to issue the signal t
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“At this point, you should stop s
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The “cook” Mikhail T. poisoned
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The poison worked, but strangely, o
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“Everybody is here,” Kurilov as
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“Is it possible to see a floor pl
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Fear of potential failure played a
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Page 698 and 699:
training the special forces units a
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Page 700 and 701:
“It would be good for you to send
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Amin was happy to hear that. He see
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Akhromeev, the deputy head of the G
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Page 706 and 707:
spectacularly into the mountains su
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Page 708 and 709:
pancakes, veal, and traditional bak
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Page 710 and 711:
A week later, Osadchiy summoned Sta
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Page 712 and 713:
“What do you think of me, Vilior
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“The leadership of the Central Co
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the remaining food and drink to be
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In total, twenty-five Afghans, incl
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more decisive action in Afghanistan
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Page 722 and 723:
But even the “special people,”
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about their sources of information
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Page 726 and 727:
care of. What happened to the famil
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Page 728 and 729:
Naturally, Soviet military interven
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However, not only did Taraki not cr
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BibliographyBooksAblazov, V. I. Afg
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Internal Affairs Advisers about the
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[Afghanistan: Opposition and the Au
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from 1977-1983.Biryukov, L. I. —
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Shah Wali — A prominent member of
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