The Road to Afghanistan - George Washington University

The Road to Afghanistan - George Washington University The Road to Afghanistan - George Washington University

13.07.2015 Views

laid down on the couch. He felt pressure in his chest. He asked his secretary Lyuba, thedriver’s wife, to call the embassy clinic for a doctor. Alexander Mikhailovich, typical of theStalin school of leadership, would very rarely succumb to illness and would never make hisailments apparent. Nobody could see the seventy-two-year-old ambassador’s weaknesses,although sometimes, like any other mortal, he would not feel well. He awaited the doctorwith grim and foreboding expectations.Ten years later, in his Moscow apartment overlooking the Kremlin, Puzanov told theauthors of this book that then, in the morning of April 27, 1978, he vaguely, subconsciouslyunderstood that the quiet, idyllic way of life he had been enjoying in Afghanistan wasover—that from then on, everything would go wrong. Blood would be spilled, the “time oftroubles” would arrive, and too many innocent lives would be broken up in the process.The head of the embassy clinic arrived shortly. He was an experienced doctor and avery tactful man. He took Puzanov’s blood pressure, prescribed pills, and ordered theambassador not to worry. An odd character, he diagnosed the hypertension to be a result ofthe approaching thunderstorm. “What does it have to do with the weather?” AlexanderMikhailovich grumbled to himself after the doctor left.At about 2 p.m. Osadchiy and Pechenenko almost simultaneously received urgentcables from Moscow that were obviously coordinated by the leadership of the KGB andGRU. The cables reported the growing concern among Politburo members and other Sovietleaders about the volatile political situation in Afghanistan and urged them to send regularreports regarding the evolution of the situation in Kabul. Moscow stressed its acute interestin receiving minute-by-minute updates regarding military activity as well as analyses of thepossible outcomes for both the loyalists and the rebels. Moscow suggested that the KGB34

and GRU Residencies create teams of observers to be sent into the city with the task ofconducting visual observations.The headquarters of both intelligence services reminded their residents of thebasics of intelligence operations: “During any street disorders, mass protests, state coupsd’etat, etc., when relying on agents becomes difficult or impossible, the primary method ofobtaining intelligence information is visual observation of the occurring events by theresidency’s operatives.”Both residents were very displeased with the cables that they received. BothOsadchiy and Pechenenko knew the basics of intelligence operations very well, but still didnot want to dispatch their subordinates into the city. They were well aware of the intensityof fighting in the streets of Kabul and the degree of risk to their operatives. They could not,however, ignore the orders of their superiors in Moscow.***On the evening of the uprising, Colonel Abdul Qadir could not sleep. He, thecommander of the air force and air defense forces, was ordered by the party to lead themilitary uprising against Daoud’s regime. Two weeks ago he had personally devised a planfor the blitz campaign that involved neutralizing commanders of several key militarydetachments located near Kabul and then capturing important government sites, includingthe presidential palace. According to Qadir’s plan, dozens of tanks and armored vehicles,fighter jets from air bases in Bagram and Shindand, and a detachment of commandos wereassigned to take part in the revolution.Colonel Qadir was not a romantic idealist. He understood all too well that a plan wasone thing and reality was something else. It was impossible for a plan to consider every35

laid down on the couch. He felt pressure in his chest. He asked his secretary Lyuba, thedriver’s wife, <strong>to</strong> call the embassy clinic for a doc<strong>to</strong>r. Alexander Mikhailovich, typical of theStalin school of leadership, would very rarely succumb <strong>to</strong> illness and would never make hisailments apparent. Nobody could see the seventy-two-year-old ambassador’s weaknesses,although sometimes, like any other mortal, he would not feel well. He awaited the doc<strong>to</strong>rwith grim and foreboding expectations.Ten years later, in his Moscow apartment overlooking the Kremlin, Puzanov <strong>to</strong>ld theauthors of this book that then, in the morning of April 27, 1978, he vaguely, subconsciouslyunders<strong>to</strong>od that the quiet, idyllic way of life he had been enjoying in <strong>Afghanistan</strong> wasover—that from then on, everything would go wrong. Blood would be spilled, the “time oftroubles” would arrive, and <strong>to</strong>o many innocent lives would be broken up in the process.<strong>The</strong> head of the embassy clinic arrived shortly. He was an experienced doc<strong>to</strong>r and avery tactful man. He <strong>to</strong>ok Puzanov’s blood pressure, prescribed pills, and ordered theambassador not <strong>to</strong> worry. An odd character, he diagnosed the hypertension <strong>to</strong> be a result ofthe approaching thunders<strong>to</strong>rm. “What does it have <strong>to</strong> do with the weather?” AlexanderMikhailovich grumbled <strong>to</strong> himself after the doc<strong>to</strong>r left.At about 2 p.m. Osadchiy and Pechenenko almost simultaneously received urgentcables from Moscow that were obviously coordinated by the leadership of the KGB andGRU. <strong>The</strong> cables reported the growing concern among Politburo members and other Sovietleaders about the volatile political situation in <strong>Afghanistan</strong> and urged them <strong>to</strong> send regularreports regarding the evolution of the situation in Kabul. Moscow stressed its acute interestin receiving minute-by-minute updates regarding military activity as well as analyses of thepossible outcomes for both the loyalists and the rebels. Moscow suggested that the KGB34

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