The Road to Afghanistan - George Washington University

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American intelligence services, even though formally his curriculum vitae was impeccable,consisting exclusively of service for the State Department.Adolph Dubs assumed the most professional countenance as he approached hispolished limousine. As always, he left his personal life and sentiments behind the door ofhis residence until his return. The Afghan driver opened the back door for Dubs, and theambassador settled into his usual seat. Gol Mohammad raised his graying eyebrow to theambassador.“To the embassy?”“Yes, go ahead,” responded Dubs softly and with quiet power in his voice, as befit theAmbassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America.The limousine, flying the star spangled banner, sailed through the snow-strewnstreets of Kabul. The Khamidi store was to the right, the Pakistani embassy to the left,Chiken Street was on the right, the antique stalls of Abdul Khayyum and Abdul Karim wereon the left. They were in the intersection next to the American Cultural Center.“Stop!”Shivers ran down the ambassador’s spine. His body tensed as if he was about tojump into freezing waters.An Afghan transport policeman in a gray felt uniform motioned with his baton forthe limousine to stop. “Stop!” The driver looked at the ambassador in the rearview mirror.The ambassador nodded.The policeman leaned towards the car. “We must check your car, saib,” he said inDari.290
Dubs, trying to suppress his irritation, nodded again. “Go ahead.” His diplomaticimmunity gave him the right to ignore the order to stop, but such checks on the streets ofKabul had become customary, and the ambassador began to regard them as an inevitableinconvenience. This policeman will look inside the car and possibly ask to open and checkthe trunk before allowing them to pass. Nothing to worry about, Dubs reasoned. He noticed,however, that the policeman was behaving strangely. He pulled open the backdoor of thelimousine, which for some reason was unlocked. Within a second, he was sitting beside theambassador, holding a revolver against his body. The next moment, two more Afghanswearing civilian clothes jumped inside the car, also armed with revolvers. One of themgrinned crookedly into his unkempt moustache and ordered the driver to go to Hotel Kabul.Gol Mohammad, still in a state of shock, gripped the steering wheel with whiteknuckles. He looked into his mirror, guiltily observing the ambassador, who was relativelycalm and seemed to be attempting a smile.“Let’s go,” confirmed Dubs somewhat indifferently.The car proceeded on its way to the hotel. Armed Afghans escorted the ambassadorinto the foyer.An elderly Hazara administrator stood at the reception desk, located to the right ofthe entrance. He was grinning like a Cheshire cat. A young man in his early twentieswearing a faded navy jacket was talking to the hotel administrator. As soon as the groupentered the hotel, the young man joined them, silently motioning them to continue to thesecond floor, to Room 117. While ascending the marble staircase, the ambassador lookedback for a second. Through the window of the vestibule, he saw his car drive towardsPashtunistan Square, in the direction of the U.S. embassy. The clock showed 8:50 a.m.291
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Chapter 1:VIRUS: How the invasion o
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arranged meeting point for the emer
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that Orlov-Morozov wrote to the Cen
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political situation developing in t
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as accomplices, received long-term
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World War II, Prince Daoud Khan, th
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“Can you imagine, Comrade General
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no idea that some destructive polit
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General Gorelov was particularly co
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ascent. One plane, flying low above
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would retrieve vodka along with gla
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laid down on the couch. He felt pre
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possible contingency. Any unforesee
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In July 1973, Major Qadir and his g
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the Parcham faction, also became mi
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the military transport division of
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on the morning of April 27, the off
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there were passwords. I think Amin
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commander suddenly stopped and turn
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in the lead tank, which was compris
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KGB colleagues, exiting the embassy
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married?”“I wonder whose side t
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detachments. The analyst of the Res
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front of the airport and drove back
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complained to him, “Your trade re
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“What’s wrong? Should I call a
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awaiting further instructions. My a
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well-prepared speech that touched u
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Youth”) in the 1940s. Babrak also
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eally need to act a year ago, becau
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After Daoud’s visit to Moscow, th
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that could be leveled against me or
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looming in the fields, to be handed
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“And what about Daoud?”“I don
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sent the commander of the President
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another Central Committee member, t
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forces in the country, which had be
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explosions in the night sky. Only a
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When the bodies were removed from t
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Chapter 2:“We Knocked Out Their T
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deputy resident gave Valery an indi
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trusted the deputy resident, who wa
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Alexander Victorovich puffed his pi
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As evening came, the city was shrou
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honor, religion, and property, we d
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evolution and kill the president if
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theory, thinks as if the Pashtun
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analyst’s intentions.***The morni
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Vladimir Alexandrovich was accustom
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intelligence officers, yet they wer
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“He thinks that he will recover s
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Three years ago, General Leonov was
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Politburo would be unpredictable. S
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Tomorrow? What time? I think it’s
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During the meeting, the issues of A
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institutions. Afghan special servic
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to prepare him to work in Afghanist
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favor, and inquired as to the natur
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“We will take care of all funding
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services, and to discuss the budget
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was short, without a moustache desp
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children, and myself—and for the
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“Yes guys, this list is extraordi
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This time, General Zaplatin headed
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through Reuters? Do we not have our
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much to discuss.Ulyanovsky started
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enewed force.“According to our fo
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***One evening Starostin was called
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Parcham officers were passive on th
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operative boss,” mused the deputy
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glad that the Soviet comrades had a
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wasn’t involved in any affairs of
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the April Revolution.”The ministe
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do.”“I have no doubt that we wi
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invited to meet with Minister of Fo
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thirty of them. Two of them were im
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decision. The Afghans listened to h
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coordinate recommendations with eac
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April Revolution.Then Karmal took t
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low would be delivered that would u
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“Because they are Parchamis.”
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Having decided to marry his current
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ambassador. He, on the one hand, ca
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the state and party, which would me
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Bobrak?”This was the extent of th
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Indeed, there would be many more So
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Kharazov was tasked by the Central
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courtyard.”“Yes, of course.”
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again.”With a clear sense of reli
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counterintelligence managed to neut
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treatment. He thought that he would
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intervention. He had a very vague i
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interpretation of events. However,
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Amin interrupted him coldly: “I w
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his tormentors to kill him.“Every
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should ask your colleagues to be mo
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years earlier, he was offered a pos
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“Vladimir Alexandrovich,” begge
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he intended to play his own game. I
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was so enamored by the ideology of
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in Russian, “Do chego zhe mir tes
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Starostin often would run into Frye
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were to stay for another year or tw
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“I think that, from the U.S. pers
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leaders were convinced that the Sov
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Thinking about Americans, Valery re
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cannot, with full certainty, qualif
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As Surnin predicted, a CIA operativ
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wish was for them to make the Afgha
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Listening to Boris Nikolayevich, Bo
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until Bogdanov took the floor. He d
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doubts as to the old Communist warr
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simply didn’t have the means to o
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one hand, there was truth to this s
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Page 242 and 243: this version of events becomes the
Page 244 and 245: Kryuchkov remained silent, digestin
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Page 248 and 249: Babrak Karmal looked extremely conc
Page 250 and 251: “Think, who could receive this Ba
Page 252 and 253: Preparations for the first state vi
Page 254 and 255: The papers also published Comrade T
Page 256 and 257: young people at the square, told th
Page 258 and 259: influential Islamist organizations.
Page 260 and 261: him as though considering their con
Page 262 and 263: Politburo superseded all protocol.
Page 264 and 265: with obvious Soviet participation w
Page 266 and 267: “I am working, Leonid Ilyich!”
Page 268 and 269: Once, the professor and the future
Page 270 and 271: As soon as they entered Dvoryankov
Page 272 and 273: Khan, Valery treated Dvoryankov to
Page 274 and 275: Sometimes, one should act extremely
Page 276 and 277: ecame a colony of Britain. Afghan t
Page 278 and 279: “Valery, do you think that we wou
Page 280 and 281: in the committee by a bureaucrat fr
Page 282 and 283: 300 Afghani, according to an exchan
Page 284 and 285: The decree authorized the re-exprop
Page 286 and 287: Having said goodbye to him, Valery
Page 288 and 289: Nikolai Alexandrovich Dvoryankov di
Page 292 and 293: ***Sergei Bakhturin, an assistant t
Page 294 and 295: wife were staying in the room. Vese
Page 296 and 297: On February 13, a reception in hono
Page 298 and 299: to invite the archaeologist to spea
Page 300 and 301: a little over two hours to fulfill
Page 302 and 303: keep hostages in captivity. In othe
Page 304 and 305: was discovered that the gas in the
Page 306 and 307: “But how would the safety of Mr.
Page 308 and 309: “But then you should realize that
Page 310 and 311: are not as alert. People are more a
Page 312 and 313: newspaper. He settled on the name G
Page 314 and 315: “‘The security operatives, havi
Page 316 and 317: get inside his car? How can his cal
Page 318 and 319: “Wipe your tears,” he said in a
Page 320 and 321: differs from the way they think as
Page 322 and 323: “He told me to pick up my cleats
Page 324 and 325: describing what had transpired in H
Page 326 and 327: “I wonder who this person is? I h
Page 328 and 329: Starostin was not surprised by what
Page 330 and 331: Badruddin Bahes was close to Muslim
Page 332 and 333: nationalist and anti-Soviet. Howeve
Page 334 and 335: while he ruminated, then stared abs
Page 336 and 337: A: We failed to capture the terrori
Page 338 and 339: Question from a correspondent of Th
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flag on it. The U.S. ambassador was
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7. Who were the terrorists? It seem
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perceived at the Center? It would s
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Chapter 5:Rebellion in Herat - Firs
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struggle had become a historical le
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Revolution.“I understand that you
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evolutionary, anti-party, and again
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architectural monuments, and other
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een assumed that the Soviets in Afg
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“All of our leaders are waiting f
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spoke with Amin,” Gromyko added.
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decide to send them to Afghanistan?
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mistakes that they have made. Even
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It was a brilliant ploy. Everybody
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necessary to justify possible milit
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Unexpectedly, Andropov moved to sup
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this government. But can our troops
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military divisions had been deploye
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e illiterate his whole life, and to
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economic reforms as the solutions.
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conversation. “I would like to in
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look of satisfaction. He motioned,
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in connection with the additional m
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ased on the Bolshevik experience. F
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would flee to Pakistan after the de
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General Staff for his ruthless exec
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crucial decisions in complex situat
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and respectful when he met with the
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eason Ivanov did not fall prey to s
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Morozov, Khotyaev, and Starostin to
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Marxist-Leninist theory at the time
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violating their sacred duty.”Osad
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community, and the sinfulness of se
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“Unfortunately, this is not alway
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attempting to build socialism in su
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“In an attempt to halt anti-gover
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5. Confidential contacts with S. A.
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factions. The document mentioned th
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with their requests for direct invo
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armed opposition.Further into his m
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esidencies. Halbaiev, the commander
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discussed, Comrade Amin appeared to
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authority. They figured that the mo
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the stage of advanced capitalism on
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Safronchuk.Amin pretended to be ast
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danger to him. However, it is possi
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example, what was the purpose of Am
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“This is what happened,” began
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Ivanov hesitated. There was a silen
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special typewriter. He also had to
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influence. This topic was last disc
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paratroopers, disguised in aviation
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consequences of the confrontation b
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the organizational talents of Hafiz
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Persian Gulf.Détente was coming to
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duration of the war in Afghanistan.
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eported and objectively interpreted
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countries, including Iran, Pakistan
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officers took a seven-month-long co
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Glotov and Alexander Dolmatov were
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You will be assisting me in special
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was surprised to find out that not
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The taxi driver sensed that his pas
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and PGU with great attention.“It
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“Valery, you should meet with Gul
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***Major General Zaplatin was very
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Zaplatin sternly glanced at the int
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The Afghan understood that the Sovi
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them.“Finally, here is the most i
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neighboring Pakistan to become a re
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Afghanistan. Comrade Taraki is faci
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deal with Amin work? Where do the o
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“It looks like the situation with
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analysts in the International Depar
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1. Find a way to remove H. Amin fro
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water has such healing properties t
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the other leaders of the faction wh
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was burning our hearts. We simply c
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carry out a coup d’etat by overth
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indignation of Czech citizens watch
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global revolutionary movement. That
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workers, avant-garde peasants, and
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Council in leading the party and st
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that is happening behind my back.
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Petrov responded sternly, briefly s
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clear to him that he had to return
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statement without the support of th
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There were also several plain-cloth
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People’s Palace, where a joint me
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position within the leadership of t
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greeting, he informed me that Amin
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Alexander Mikhailovich Puzanov, Sov
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I suggested that we kick them out i
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your man or Amin’s man?”“He w
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his friends had already been arrest
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By some strange coincidence, all of
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party, demanding that he remove the
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Afghan school teacher, Valery decid
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path. We must do everything possibl
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Taraki called Amin and spoke in Pas
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esolution. He was now in control of
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in an open power struggle. Or perha
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the Afghans? Maybe we should just h
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had helped create. It was clear tha
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activists.After he drafted the cabl
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“No, thank you. I’d rather she
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ecognized leader of the democratic
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the couch to flip through the Sovie
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custody of the Armed Forces of Afgh
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“I don’t think that will ever h
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you over to Amin,” Starostin repl
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Taraki, his family, or his allies.
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second truck would monitor the inte
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currency. Boris Semyonovich ordered
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session so that we might hear his e
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disappearance of Sarwari and the fo
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eplacing him, why did you shelter a
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interlocutor, ignoring Kurilov’s
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issued cargo boxes.These preparatio
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compact, they faced less difficulty
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and the convoy continued its drive
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suggested that he thoroughly clean
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opposition figures was an obvious e
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“So Taraki’s time is over?” a
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said Zaplatin emphatically. Ustinov
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“This is good. Please tell me, wh
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military intervention.” But it al
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expressed.“It is now clear that w
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We were left untouched for the next
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Chapter 8:Death Sentence“The city
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living. They knew that the armed fo
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were expelled from local authoritie
Page 604 and 605:
soon considered to be equivalent to
Page 606 and 607:
In the middle of October, military
Page 608 and 609:
The next morning, Bogdanov’s peop
Page 610 and 611:
“We ought to serve,” the ambass
Page 612 and 613:
the translation, was shocked. It wa
Page 614 and 615:
“May I speak to you not according
Page 616 and 617:
In concluding his speech, Amin said
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contribution to this transformation
Page 620 and 621:
It was clear that the Center had to
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circumstances. All conversations of
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attaché reported, “Amin managed
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doctors, he continued to smoke his
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services, which we are currently in
Page 630 and 631:
“We’ve heard this before, Andre
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and hydrogen bombs. He was the mini
Page 634 and 635:
The results of the discussion were
Page 636 and 637:
If facts indicating a change in Ami
Page 638 and 639:
minister understood the difficultie
Page 640 and 641:
“We can bring in some of our troo
Page 642 and 643:
Having returned to Kabul, Gorelov s
Page 644 and 645:
The helicopter brought Zaplatin to
Page 646 and 647:
intervention in Afghanistan. Ustino
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Soviet Union. The first secretary o
Page 650 and 651:
Collectively, all of those factors
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state. They would be informed as to
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additional specific instructions ha
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a hill, and was comparatively vulne
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performed culinary miracles, partic
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consulted about ways to install pow
Page 662 and 663:
you are constantly engaged in intri
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possible only under the condition o
Page 666 and 667:
To make a long story short, by the
Page 668 and 669:
doubt flickered across his face. So
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Karmal’s faith in popular support
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Babrak Karmal was an educated and i
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thanks to the pilot’s skill and p
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head of state. He wanted to be rece
Page 678 and 679:
The final decision that day was not
Page 680 and 681:
“Well, Volodya, it is time to act
Page 682 and 683:
Aligned Movement, of which Afghanis
Page 684 and 685:
Kryuchkov had to issue the signal t
Page 686 and 687:
“At this point, you should stop s
Page 688 and 689:
The “cook” Mikhail T. poisoned
Page 690 and 691:
The poison worked, but strangely, o
Page 692 and 693:
“Everybody is here,” Kurilov as
Page 694 and 695:
“Is it possible to see a floor pl
Page 696 and 697:
Fear of potential failure played a
Page 698 and 699:
training the special forces units a
Page 700 and 701:
“It would be good for you to send
Page 702 and 703:
Amin was happy to hear that. He see
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Akhromeev, the deputy head of the G
Page 706 and 707:
spectacularly into the mountains su
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pancakes, veal, and traditional bak
Page 710 and 711:
A week later, Osadchiy summoned Sta
Page 712 and 713:
“What do you think of me, Vilior
Page 714 and 715:
“The leadership of the Central Co
Page 716 and 717:
the remaining food and drink to be
Page 718 and 719:
In total, twenty-five Afghans, incl
Page 720 and 721:
more decisive action in Afghanistan
Page 722 and 723:
But even the “special people,”
Page 724 and 725:
about their sources of information
Page 726 and 727:
care of. What happened to the famil
Page 728 and 729:
Naturally, Soviet military interven
Page 730 and 731:
However, not only did Taraki not cr
Page 732 and 733:
BibliographyBooksAblazov, V. I. Afg
Page 734 and 735:
Internal Affairs Advisers about the
Page 736 and 737:
[Afghanistan: Opposition and the Au
Page 738 and 739:
from 1977-1983.Biryukov, L. I. —
Page 740:
Shah Wali — A prominent member of
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