13.07.2015
•
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institutions. Afghan special services, which is called Istichbahrat, was extremely ineffective andwas not trusted by the leaders of the country. In the elite, in the army, in the state apparatus,Afghans have always known each other personally. The leadership would make a decision ifsomeone would transgress, but those decisions were based on personal understanding instead ofwritten law. When Afghans served as agents of foreign special services, their covert activitieswould be considered treason only in the case that the traitor worked against the ruler ofAfghanistan, or members of his family or clan. Afghanistan doesn’t have any systematic archives ofspecial services. It doesn’t have recruitment methodology or criterion of evaluation of covertcollaboration. There are no written descriptions of the processes and results of investigations thattook place.“You, personally, will have to organize a powerful counterintelligence apparatus based onlaw. You will have to establish goals in the sphere of counterintelligence activities for your Afghancolleagues. You will have to develop an organizational plan as soon as possible, prepare a budget,and participate in selecting cadres who are effective and loyal to the revolution. It’s possible thatsome of them will be former officers of Istichbahrat and the police.”The junior colonel seemed impressed by the scale of the tasks.“I asked my boss, are there any normative acts regarding the activities of advisers—KGBoperatives abroad—which might provide me with guiding principles in Kabul? I was told that youwould familiarize me with them.”Ershov was taken aback. “Yes, but not on the plane! Our office in Kabul has a code ofinstructions regarding scope of activities of KGB residencies overseas. Tomorrow, if there is time, Iwill let you read it.”Ivan Ivanovich issued a deep yawn, signaling that he would like now to be left alone.122
However, he didn’t fall asleep. He knew that he wouldn’t be able to sleep on the plane. Every timehe flew to Kabul, Ershov was gripped with excitement. He had developed deep connections withthat city.Ershov was born in the Kaluga region of Russia. He grew up in a poor peasant family. Hewas very short, which was of extreme concern to him, and prompted him to wear high-heeledboots and to have a preference for large, imposing objects. Sometimes, when he drove agovernment car, it would seem like there was no driver inside and the car was driving by itself.The drivers on the opposite side of the road were horrified at the sight and would often pull off theroad. He spoke with a high-pitched voice. He was afraid of women, particularly of his wife, MayaAlexeyevna.Ivan Ivanovich was a veteran of World War II. At first, being a Navy cadet in Kronstadt, heextinguished Nazi firebombs on the roofs of Leningrad. Later he became a sniper. He was in chargeof the Komsomol organization of a military regiment when the war was coming to an end. Whenhis regiment freed Bulgaria and was preparing to enter Sofia triumphantly, Ivan Ivanovich decidedto enter the city riding horseback. They found a good horse for him, but the saddle that someonehad selected for the horse gave Ivan Ivanovich blisters on his buttocks, rendering him toouncomfortable to carry out his plan. Instead of entering Sofia on a horse, Ivan Ivanovich enteredthe city in an ambulance. Since then, he became very mistrustful, suspecting foul play at everyturn.After the war was over, he enrolled in the Institute of Military Interpreters in Moscow,where he studied French. As one of the most politically reliable and academically inclinedgraduates, he received an offer to work in the counterintelligence service of the KGB. IvanIvanovich agreed. However, having begun to work, he was very surprised that his bosses decided123
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Chapter 1:VIRUS: How the invasion o
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arranged meeting point for the emer
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that Orlov-Morozov wrote to the Cen
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political situation developing in t
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as accomplices, received long-term
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World War II, Prince Daoud Khan, th
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“Can you imagine, Comrade General
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no idea that some destructive polit
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General Gorelov was particularly co
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ascent. One plane, flying low above
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would retrieve vodka along with gla
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laid down on the couch. He felt pre
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possible contingency. Any unforesee
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In July 1973, Major Qadir and his g
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the Parcham faction, also became mi
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the military transport division of
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on the morning of April 27, the off
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there were passwords. I think Amin
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commander suddenly stopped and turn
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in the lead tank, which was compris
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KGB colleagues, exiting the embassy
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married?”“I wonder whose side t
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detachments. The analyst of the Res
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front of the airport and drove back
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complained to him, “Your trade re
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“What’s wrong? Should I call a
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awaiting further instructions. My a
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well-prepared speech that touched u
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Youth”) in the 1940s. Babrak also
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eally need to act a year ago, becau
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After Daoud’s visit to Moscow, th
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that could be leveled against me or
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looming in the fields, to be handed
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“And what about Daoud?”“I don
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sent the commander of the President
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another Central Committee member, t
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forces in the country, which had be
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explosions in the night sky. Only a
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When the bodies were removed from t
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Chapter 2:“We Knocked Out Their T
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deputy resident gave Valery an indi
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trusted the deputy resident, who wa
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Alexander Victorovich puffed his pi
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As evening came, the city was shrou
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honor, religion, and property, we d
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evolution and kill the president if
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theory, thinks as if the Pashtun
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analyst’s intentions.***The morni
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Vladimir Alexandrovich was accustom
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intelligence officers, yet they wer
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“He thinks that he will recover s
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Three years ago, General Leonov was
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Politburo would be unpredictable. S
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Tomorrow? What time? I think it’s
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During the meeting, the issues of A
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to prepare him to work in Afghanist
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favor, and inquired as to the natur
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“We will take care of all funding
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services, and to discuss the budget
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was short, without a moustache desp
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children, and myself—and for the
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“Yes guys, this list is extraordi
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This time, General Zaplatin headed
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through Reuters? Do we not have our
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much to discuss.Ulyanovsky started
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enewed force.“According to our fo
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***One evening Starostin was called
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Parcham officers were passive on th
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operative boss,” mused the deputy
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glad that the Soviet comrades had a
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wasn’t involved in any affairs of
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the April Revolution.”The ministe
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do.”“I have no doubt that we wi
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invited to meet with Minister of Fo
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thirty of them. Two of them were im
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decision. The Afghans listened to h
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coordinate recommendations with eac
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April Revolution.Then Karmal took t
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low would be delivered that would u
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“Because they are Parchamis.”
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Having decided to marry his current
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ambassador. He, on the one hand, ca
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the state and party, which would me
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Bobrak?”This was the extent of th
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Indeed, there would be many more So
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Kharazov was tasked by the Central
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courtyard.”“Yes, of course.”
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again.”With a clear sense of reli
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counterintelligence managed to neut
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treatment. He thought that he would
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intervention. He had a very vague i
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interpretation of events. However,
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Amin interrupted him coldly: “I w
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his tormentors to kill him.“Every
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should ask your colleagues to be mo
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years earlier, he was offered a pos
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“Vladimir Alexandrovich,” begge
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he intended to play his own game. I
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was so enamored by the ideology of
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in Russian, “Do chego zhe mir tes
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Starostin often would run into Frye
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were to stay for another year or tw
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“I think that, from the U.S. pers
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leaders were convinced that the Sov
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Thinking about Americans, Valery re
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cannot, with full certainty, qualif
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As Surnin predicted, a CIA operativ
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wish was for them to make the Afgha
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Listening to Boris Nikolayevich, Bo
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until Bogdanov took the floor. He d
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doubts as to the old Communist warr
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simply didn’t have the means to o
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one hand, there was truth to this s
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auspices of the “National Pashtun
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this version of events becomes the
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Kryuchkov remained silent, digestin
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‘true communist’ and his friend
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Babrak Karmal looked extremely conc
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“Think, who could receive this Ba
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Preparations for the first state vi
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The papers also published Comrade T
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young people at the square, told th
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influential Islamist organizations.
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him as though considering their con
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Politburo superseded all protocol.
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with obvious Soviet participation w
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“I am working, Leonid Ilyich!”
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Once, the professor and the future
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As soon as they entered Dvoryankov
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Khan, Valery treated Dvoryankov to
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Sometimes, one should act extremely
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ecame a colony of Britain. Afghan t
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“Valery, do you think that we wou
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in the committee by a bureaucrat fr
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300 Afghani, according to an exchan
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The decree authorized the re-exprop
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Having said goodbye to him, Valery
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Nikolai Alexandrovich Dvoryankov di
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American intelligence services, eve
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***Sergei Bakhturin, an assistant t
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wife were staying in the room. Vese
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On February 13, a reception in hono
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to invite the archaeologist to spea
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a little over two hours to fulfill
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keep hostages in captivity. In othe
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was discovered that the gas in the
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“But how would the safety of Mr.
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“But then you should realize that
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are not as alert. People are more a
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newspaper. He settled on the name G
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“‘The security operatives, havi
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get inside his car? How can his cal
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“Wipe your tears,” he said in a
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differs from the way they think as
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“He told me to pick up my cleats
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describing what had transpired in H
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“I wonder who this person is? I h
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Starostin was not surprised by what
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Badruddin Bahes was close to Muslim
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nationalist and anti-Soviet. Howeve
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while he ruminated, then stared abs
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A: We failed to capture the terrori
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Question from a correspondent of Th
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flag on it. The U.S. ambassador was
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7. Who were the terrorists? It seem
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perceived at the Center? It would s
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Chapter 5:Rebellion in Herat - Firs
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struggle had become a historical le
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Revolution.“I understand that you
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evolutionary, anti-party, and again
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architectural monuments, and other
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een assumed that the Soviets in Afg
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“All of our leaders are waiting f
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spoke with Amin,” Gromyko added.
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decide to send them to Afghanistan?
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mistakes that they have made. Even
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It was a brilliant ploy. Everybody
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necessary to justify possible milit
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Unexpectedly, Andropov moved to sup
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this government. But can our troops
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military divisions had been deploye
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e illiterate his whole life, and to
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economic reforms as the solutions.
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conversation. “I would like to in
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look of satisfaction. He motioned,
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in connection with the additional m
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ased on the Bolshevik experience. F
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would flee to Pakistan after the de
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General Staff for his ruthless exec
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crucial decisions in complex situat
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and respectful when he met with the
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eason Ivanov did not fall prey to s
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Morozov, Khotyaev, and Starostin to
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Marxist-Leninist theory at the time
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violating their sacred duty.”Osad
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community, and the sinfulness of se
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“Unfortunately, this is not alway
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attempting to build socialism in su
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“In an attempt to halt anti-gover
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5. Confidential contacts with S. A.
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factions. The document mentioned th
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with their requests for direct invo
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armed opposition.Further into his m
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esidencies. Halbaiev, the commander
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discussed, Comrade Amin appeared to
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authority. They figured that the mo
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the stage of advanced capitalism on
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Safronchuk.Amin pretended to be ast
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danger to him. However, it is possi
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example, what was the purpose of Am
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“This is what happened,” began
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Ivanov hesitated. There was a silen
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special typewriter. He also had to
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influence. This topic was last disc
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paratroopers, disguised in aviation
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consequences of the confrontation b
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the organizational talents of Hafiz
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Persian Gulf.Détente was coming to
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duration of the war in Afghanistan.
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eported and objectively interpreted
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countries, including Iran, Pakistan
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officers took a seven-month-long co
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Glotov and Alexander Dolmatov were
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You will be assisting me in special
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was surprised to find out that not
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The taxi driver sensed that his pas
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and PGU with great attention.“It
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“Valery, you should meet with Gul
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***Major General Zaplatin was very
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Zaplatin sternly glanced at the int
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The Afghan understood that the Sovi
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them.“Finally, here is the most i
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neighboring Pakistan to become a re
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Afghanistan. Comrade Taraki is faci
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deal with Amin work? Where do the o
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“It looks like the situation with
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analysts in the International Depar
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1. Find a way to remove H. Amin fro
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water has such healing properties t
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the other leaders of the faction wh
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was burning our hearts. We simply c
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carry out a coup d’etat by overth
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indignation of Czech citizens watch
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global revolutionary movement. That
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workers, avant-garde peasants, and
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Council in leading the party and st
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that is happening behind my back.
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Petrov responded sternly, briefly s
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clear to him that he had to return
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statement without the support of th
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There were also several plain-cloth
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People’s Palace, where a joint me
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position within the leadership of t
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greeting, he informed me that Amin
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Alexander Mikhailovich Puzanov, Sov
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I suggested that we kick them out i
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your man or Amin’s man?”“He w
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his friends had already been arrest
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By some strange coincidence, all of
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party, demanding that he remove the
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Afghan school teacher, Valery decid
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path. We must do everything possibl
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Taraki called Amin and spoke in Pas
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esolution. He was now in control of
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in an open power struggle. Or perha
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the Afghans? Maybe we should just h
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had helped create. It was clear tha
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activists.After he drafted the cabl
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“No, thank you. I’d rather she
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ecognized leader of the democratic
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the couch to flip through the Sovie
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custody of the Armed Forces of Afgh
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“I don’t think that will ever h
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you over to Amin,” Starostin repl
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Taraki, his family, or his allies.
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second truck would monitor the inte
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currency. Boris Semyonovich ordered
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session so that we might hear his e
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disappearance of Sarwari and the fo
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eplacing him, why did you shelter a
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interlocutor, ignoring Kurilov’s
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issued cargo boxes.These preparatio
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compact, they faced less difficulty
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and the convoy continued its drive
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suggested that he thoroughly clean
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opposition figures was an obvious e
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“So Taraki’s time is over?” a
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said Zaplatin emphatically. Ustinov
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“This is good. Please tell me, wh
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military intervention.” But it al
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expressed.“It is now clear that w
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We were left untouched for the next
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Chapter 8:Death Sentence“The city
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living. They knew that the armed fo
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were expelled from local authoritie
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soon considered to be equivalent to
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In the middle of October, military
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The next morning, Bogdanov’s peop
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“We ought to serve,” the ambass
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the translation, was shocked. It wa
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“May I speak to you not according
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In concluding his speech, Amin said
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contribution to this transformation
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It was clear that the Center had to
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circumstances. All conversations of
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attaché reported, “Amin managed
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doctors, he continued to smoke his
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services, which we are currently in
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“We’ve heard this before, Andre
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and hydrogen bombs. He was the mini
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The results of the discussion were
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If facts indicating a change in Ami
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minister understood the difficultie
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“We can bring in some of our troo
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Having returned to Kabul, Gorelov s
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The helicopter brought Zaplatin to
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intervention in Afghanistan. Ustino
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Soviet Union. The first secretary o
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Collectively, all of those factors
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state. They would be informed as to
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additional specific instructions ha
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a hill, and was comparatively vulne
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performed culinary miracles, partic
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consulted about ways to install pow
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you are constantly engaged in intri
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possible only under the condition o
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To make a long story short, by the
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doubt flickered across his face. So
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Karmal’s faith in popular support
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Babrak Karmal was an educated and i
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thanks to the pilot’s skill and p
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head of state. He wanted to be rece
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The final decision that day was not
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“Well, Volodya, it is time to act
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Aligned Movement, of which Afghanis
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Kryuchkov had to issue the signal t
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“At this point, you should stop s
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The “cook” Mikhail T. poisoned
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The poison worked, but strangely, o
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“Everybody is here,” Kurilov as
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“Is it possible to see a floor pl
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Fear of potential failure played a
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training the special forces units a
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“It would be good for you to send
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Amin was happy to hear that. He see
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Akhromeev, the deputy head of the G
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spectacularly into the mountains su
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pancakes, veal, and traditional bak
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A week later, Osadchiy summoned Sta
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“What do you think of me, Vilior
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“The leadership of the Central Co
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the remaining food and drink to be
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In total, twenty-five Afghans, incl
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more decisive action in Afghanistan
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But even the “special people,”
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about their sources of information
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care of. What happened to the famil
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Naturally, Soviet military interven
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However, not only did Taraki not cr
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BibliographyBooksAblazov, V. I. Afg
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Internal Affairs Advisers about the
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[Afghanistan: Opposition and the Au
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from 1977-1983.Biryukov, L. I. —
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Shah Wali — A prominent member of
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