Hydrogen and its competitors, 2004

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21. Preface 32. Summary, conclusions and recommendations 53. Hydrogen in European and global energy systems 94. Hydrogen in the Danish energy system 175. Hydrogen system energy technologies in global, European and Danish perspective 235.1 Technologies for producing hydrogen 245.2 Hydrogen storage 315.3 Hydrogen conversion technologies 375.4 Hydrogen for transport 425.5 Hydrogen in portable devices 475.6 Hydrogen infrastructure 526. Hydrogen - Environmental and safety aspects 576.1 Hydrogen and the environment 586.2 Hydrogen safety 637. Index 678. References 69
Risø Energy Report 3Preface 31PrefaceHANS LARSEN, ROBERT FEIDENHANS'L AND LEIF SØNDERBERG PETERSEN, RISØ NATIONAL LABORATORYInterest in the hydrogen economy has grown rapidly inrecent years. Those countries with long traditions ofactivity in hydrogen research and development havenow been joined by a large number of newcomers. Themain reason for this surge of interest is that the hydrogeneconomy may be an answer to the two main challengesfacing the world in the years to come: climate changeand the need for security of energy supplies. Both thesechallenges require the development of new, highly-efficientenergy technologies that are either carbon-neutralor low emitting technologies.Another reason for the growing interest in hydrogen isthe strong need for alternative fuels, especially in thetransport sector. Alternative fuels could serve as linksbetween the different energy sectors, especially betweenthe power system and the transport sector, to facilitatethe uptake of emerging technologies and increase theflexibility and robustness of the energy system as awhole.This is the background for this Risø Energy Report, thethird in a series that provides a perspective on energyissues at global, regional and national levels. The followingpages provide a critical examination of the hydrogeneconomy and its alternatives. The Report explains thecurrent R&D situation, addresses the challenges facingthe large-scale use of hydrogen, and makes some predictionsfor the future.The Report explores the current and future role ofhydrogen in energy systems at Danish, European andglobal levels. It discusses the technologies for producing,storing and converting hydrogen, the role of hydrogenin the transport sector and in portable electronics,hydrogen infrastructure and distribution systems, andenvironmental and safety aspects of the hydrogeneconomy.Individual chapters of the Report have been written byRisø staff members and leading Danish and internationalexperts. The Report is based on internationally recognisedscientific material, and is fully referenced andrefereed by an international panel of independentexperts. Information on current developments is takenfrom the most up-to-date and authoritative sources available.Our target groups have colleagues, collaborating partners,customers, funding organisations, the Danishgovernment and international organisations includingthe European Union, the International Energy Agencyand the United Nations.
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