Was the Landskrona Project an Effective Catalyst for Change?

Was the Landskrona Project anEffective Catalyst for Change?Folkets Hus, LandskronaMay 14, 2013Prof. Dr. Donald HuisinghSenior Scientist in Cleaner Production andSustainable DevelopmentThe Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment,Editor in Chief, Journal of Cleaner ProductionThe University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN 37996‐4134, U.S.AE‐mail: donaldhuisingh@comcast.netSKYPE: huisinghdonOverview of this Presentation• The Roles of Good Examples to MotivatePeople to Change;• The Landskrona Project as a Catalyst forChange;• The Roles of Crises as Motivators for Peopleto Change;• The Roles of Alternative Paradigms andIndicators as Motivators for People toChange.Overview of this Presentation• The Roles of Good Examples to MotivatePeople to Change;• The Landskrona Project as a Catalyst forChange;• It is a very long Journey from‘Dilution is the Solution to Pollution’to ‘Prevention is the Solution toSustainable Regional Development’Historical Background to theLandskrona Project• In 1975, J.T. Ling, VP of MinnesotaMining and Manufacturing (3M)initiated a project he called, “PollutionPrevention Pays.”Historical Background to theLandskrona Project• In 1975, J.T. Ling, VP of Minnesota Miningand Manufacturing (3M) initiated a projecthe called, “Pollution Prevention Pays.”• His team found many ways to prevent theneed for ‘end‐of‐pipe’ treatment byimproving their product design, rawmaterial’s, process optimization, processmonitoring, training, etc.

Historical Background to theLandskrona Project• In 1975, J.T. Ling, VP of Minnesota Miningand Manufacturing (3M) initiated a projecthe called, “Pollution Prevention Pays.”• His team found many ways to prevent theneed for ‘end‐of‐pipe’ treatment byimproving their product design, rawmaterial’s, process optimization, processmonitoring, training, etc.• Since 1975, 3M has saved Billions of $’s.Leadership from the Governorof North Carolina• I worked as the science policy advisor toGovernor Hunt from 1980 ‐1983;• I informed Gov. Hunt, about 3M’sfindings and proposed we host aconference with J.T. Ling as keynotespeaker;• We planned and hosted a conference;Conference“Pollution Prevention Pays:Ecology with Economy as Policy”May 1982Winston Salem North CarolinaResults?• Four hundred participants from government,industry, university faculty and students andNGOs;Results?• Four hundred participants from government,industry, university faculty and students andNGOs;• Published Book through Pergamon‐1982 ;Results?• Four hundred participants from government,industry, university faculty and students andNGOs;• Published Book through Pergamon 1982;• Legislation passed in North Carolinalegislature to promote Pollution Prevention1983;

Results?• Four hundred participants from government,industry, university faculty and students andNGOs;• Published Book through Pergamon‐1982;• Legislation passed in North Carolinalegislature to promote Pollution Prevention‐1983;• Established the first Pollution PreventionIndustrial Technical Assistance Center‐1983Landskrona Project –August 1987• Thanks to Michael Backman, LarsSiljebratt, funders, company leaders andtheir employees and others, the first‘Pollution Prevention’ project in Europewas started.Through Learning by Doing!• The lessons learned by the team in workingwith the Landskrona companies, helpedthem to become effective “change agents”;Through Learning by Doing!• The lessons learned by the team in workingwith the Landskrona companies, helpedthem to become effective “change agents”;• The lessons learned by the company peoplehelped them to make improvements in theshort and longer term;Through Learning by Doing!• The lessons learned by the team in workingwith the Landskrona companies, helpedthem to become effective “change agents”;• The lessons learned by the company peoplehelped them to make improvements in theshort and longer term;• The lessons learned by the company peoplehelped them to encourage others to begin toask what can we do in our companies from apreventative perspective?Through Diffusion• The findings of the Landskrona projectcatalyzed other projects in:• Norway, Netherlands, U.K., Denmark,Finland, Austria, Ireland, Poland, CzechRepublic,

Through Diffusion• The findings of the Landskrona projectcatalyzed other projects in:• Norway, Netherlands, U.K., Denmark,Finland, Austria, Ireland, Poland, CzechRepublic,• Hungary, Italy, Belgium, Portugal,Switzerland, New Zealand, Australia,China, India, Korea, Canada, Mexico &Egypt and in about 45 other countriesThrough Leadership & Diffusion– UNEP’s & UNIDO’s Program for thedevelopment of National SustainableConsumption and Production ProductionCenters in 50 developing countries;Through Leadership & Diffusion– UNEP’s & UNIDO’s Program for thedevelopment of National SustainableConsumption and Production ProductionCenters in 50 developing countries;– Establishment of Sustainable Consumption& Production Roundtables in:Through Educational & Researchefforts in Universities• The International Institute for IndustrialEnvironmental Economics (IIIEE) in LundUniversity was established, due, in large part,to the catalytic roles of the Landskronaproject;The U.S. Europe CanadaThe Asia Australia MexicoPacific‐RegionBrazil AfricaThrough Educational & Researchefforts in Universities• The International Institute for IndustrialEnvironmental Economics (IIIEE) in LundUniversity was established, due, in large part,to the catalytic roles of the Landskronaproject;• Similar educational M.Sc., and Ph.D programsnow exist in about 200 universities, globally,due to the ‘preventative approaches of theLandskrona project and to similar projects.Through Regulations to PromotePreventative Approaches• The U.S., Canada, China, The EU andmany other regions have developedregulations that foster implementationof Cleaner Production & Toxics Usereduction approaches.

Through International OrganizationalEfforts to Promote PreventativeApproachesAgenda 21;The Earth Charter;Millennium DevelopmentGoalsThe Precautionary Principle;The Natural Step Principles;The Melbourne Principles;The Decade of Education forSustainable Development(EfSD) 2005 – 2014;The Equator Principles forSustainable Finance.Through NGO efforts to PromotePreventative ApproachesThe Canadian‐American Clean ProductionAction OrganizationGreen Peace’s Actions on ToxicsThe World Wildlife FederationThe Friends of the EarthThe Nature ConservancyAnd many others, which are working onprevention of environmental and humanhealth problemsThrough ISO andGRI‐related efforts• The ISO series of ISO 9000, 14000,18000, 26000 and others help companyleaders to reduce risks, waste andenvironmental damages;• The Global Reporting Initiative andAdvances in Corporate SocialResponsibility Reporting;Through CurrentISO/TC 268 Efforts• Sustainable Development of RegionalSustainable Management;• Development of Smart/Sustainable CityIndicators and IndicesThrough InternationalScientific Journals• The International Journal of IndustrialEcology;Through InternationalScientific Journals• The International Journal of IndustrialEcology;• The International Journal of Life CycleAssessment;•

Through InternationalScientific Journals• The International Journal of IndustrialEcology;• The International Journal of Life CycleAssessment;• The International Journal of Sustainability inHigher Education;Through InternationalScientific Journals• The International Journal of IndustrialEcology;• The International Journal of Life CycleAssessment;• The International Journal of Sustainability inHigher Education;• The Journal of Cleaner Production wasfounded in 1992, is now published in twentyfourvolumes per year;•Some Special Issues of theJournal of Cleaner Production• Sustainable Fisheries;• Sustainable Agriculture;• Sustainable Tourism;Some Special Issues of theJournal of Cleaner Production• Sustainable Fisheries;• Sustainable Agriculture;• Sustainable Tourism;• Toward Zero Waste;• Green Supply ChainManagement;• International Trade in Bio-Fuels;Some Special Issues of theJournal of Cleaner Production• Sustainable Fisheries;• Sustainable Agriculture;• Sustainable Tourism;• Toward Zero Waste;• Green Supply ChainManagement;• International Trade in Bio-Fuels;• Hydrogen production by microorganisms.

Some Special Issues of theJournal of Cleaner Production• Industrial Ecology/ IndustrialSymbiosis;Some Special Issues of theJournal of Cleaner Production• Industrial Ecology/ IndustrialSymbiosis;• Sustainable Production andConsumption;• Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR);Some Special Issues of theJournal of Cleaner Production• Industrial Ecology/ IndustrialSymbiosis;• Sustainable Production andConsumption;• Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR);• Innovation and InnovationDiffusion;• Sustainable Transportation;Some Special Issues of theJournal of Cleaner Production• Zero Emissions Technologies;– Electroplating, Leather making, PapermakingSome Special Issues of theJournal of Cleaner Production• Zero Emissions Technologies;– Electroplating, Leather making, Papermaking• Innovations in:– Green Chemistry;– Green Engineering;– Green Buildings;– Global Supply Chain Management;Some Special Issues of theJournal of Cleaner Production• Sustainable UrbanTransformation;

Some Special Issues of theJournal of Cleaner Production• Sustainable UrbanTransformation;• Co-benefits in Urban andRegional Transformation;Some Special Issues of theJournal of Cleaner Production• Sustainable UrbanTransformation;• Co-benefits in Urban andRegional Transformation;• Women, Water, Waste, Wisdomand Wealth;Some Special Issues of theJournal of Cleaner Production• Sustainable UrbanTransformation;• Co-benefits in Urban andRegional Transformation;• Women, Water, Waste, Wisdomand Wealth;• Education for SustainableSocieties (Six Special Issueshave been published.)Some Special Issues of theJournal of Cleaner Production• Growth, Recession or Degrowth forSustainability and Equity?• Regional Sustainable Development andthe Circular Economy;• Sustainable Mining and The Cradle‐to‐Cradle Economy;• Lean and Green Production.In this context are all companiesin all countries using thesepreventative approaches?In this context are all companiesin all countries using thesepreventative approaches?• No!!!!• Why not?

Overview of this Presentation• It is a very long Journey from‘Dilution is the Solution to Pollution’to ‘Prevention is the Solution toSustainable Regional Development’The Roles of Crises asMotivators for People to ChangeWhat are the Roles of Crises asMotivators for Change?• Carson’s “Silent Spring” ‐ pesticides• Colburn’s “Our Stolen Future”‐ endocrinedisruptersWhat are the Roles of Crises asMotivators for Change?• Carson’s “Silent Spring” ‐ pesticides• Colburn’s “Our Stolen Future”‐ endocrinedisrupters• Ozone layer thinning‐ halogenatedsubstancesWhat are the Roles of Crises asMotivators for Change?• Carson’s “Silent Spring” ‐ pesticides• Colburn’s “Our Stolen Future”‐ endocrinedisrupters• Ozone layer thinning‐ halogenatedsubstances• Nuclear reactor meltdowns‐radio‐activesubstance releases to the environment• Climate change‐ carbon dioxide and methane• http://www.worldwatch.org/brain/features/timeline/timeline.htm危 机Crisis

危Danger机Opportunity危 机CrisisAir Pollution Episodes• Many of the challenges highlightedearlier were chronic, long‐termproblems;• Sometimes we also have short‐termepisodes such as severe smog;1930.12 Belgium Meuse Valley fogCausesFive of the top ten environmentalpollution incidents in 20 th centuryConsequencescombination of industrial air pollution and climaticconditions, pollutants: SO 2 , SO 363 deaths in one week; main symptom was dyspnea(shortness of breath); cattle were also affected1943 Los Angeles, USA Photochemical smogCausesConsequencesEmission of CH, NOx, CO from vehicles, emissions fromrefinery plantsTrees died in high mountains; $1.5 billion loss due to airpollution in 1950; 75% of the citizens were seriously affectedby respiratory and eye infections in 1970.

1948.10.16‐21 Pennsylvania, USA Donora smogCausesThe town lies in the valley with mountains on both sides;toxic gases such as SO2, NOx, HF were emitted fromsulphuric acid and steel plant & accumulated in thevalleyConsequences 20 deaths and 7,000 sicknesses in Donora (with 14,000people in total); symptoms were eye diseases,respiratory and digestive diseases were dominant1952.12.5‐9 London, UK Great smogCausesConsequencesCO2, CO, SO2, TSP emission from coal burning; vehicleexhaust—particularly from diesel‐fuelled buses; heavilypolluted air from Continental Europe4000 deaths in four days; symptoms: bronchitis,coronary heart , tuberculosis; 52 of 300 cattle werepoisoned in the cattle exhibition1961 Yokkaichi, Japan Yokkaichi asthmaCausesConsequencesSO2, TSP emissions from petrochemical processingfacilities and refineriessevere cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, and bronchialasthma rose quickly1961 Yokkaichi, Japan Yokkaichi asthmaCausesConsequencesSO2, TSP emissions from petrochemical processingfacilities and refineriessevere cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, and bronchialasthma rose quicklyWeather Conditions of ChinaonJan 30, 2013Tian ‘an Men SquareThe Oriental Pearl TVTower

Zibo CityBeijing’s Sky 2012.3.1‐2013.3.5 8:00‐9:00Shandong UniversityThe Air Quality Index of four Cities inChinaSOURCES OF CARBON DIOXIDE75Data Source: EPASoot in exhaust spews out black carbonControlled burns release huge amountsof sooty black carbon into the atmosphere.

Black carbon, a short‐lived pollutant(shown in purple), shrouds the globe.Fossil Fuel & Cement CO 2 Emissions: Top EmittersCarbon Emissions per year(C tons x 1,000,000)25002000150010005000IndiaRussian Fed.Time (y)Global Carbon Project 2011; Peters et al. 2011 (in review); Data: Boden, Marland, Andres-CDIAC 2011ChinaUSAJapan1990 93 95 97 99 2001 03 05 07 20102010 GrowthRates9.9%4.0%9.0%5.6%6.5%Concentration of Carbon Dioxide in Antarctic iceMethane concentration in the Antarctic ice310800290270250230210190170concentration (PPMs)750700650600550500450400350Concentration of methane in Ppbs450,000400,000350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,0000150450,000400,000350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,0000300Time in years before the presentTime in years before the present450,000Atmospheric Temperature Variations as detectedfrom the Antarctic ice400,000350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,000Time in years before the present50,000420-2-4-6-8-10-120Differences in Tempreture (°C)Ranges and concentrationsduring 450,000 years• Carbon dioxide concentration range =(185 – 295 PPM) (2012 393 PPM)Projected by 2050 tobe between 450 & 750 PPM!• Methane concentration range =(340 -760 PPB) (2004 1700 PPB)Projected by 2050???• The average temperature rangeduring this period was 10° C.

Concentration of Carbon Dioxide as measured inColorado, Canada and at The South PoleConcentration en PPMs390380370360350340330320SouthPoleColoradoCanadaEne-75Ene-76Dic-76Dic-77Ene-79Ene-80Dic-80Dic-81Ene-83Ene-84Dic-84Dic-85Ene-87Ene-88Dic-88Dic-89Ene-91Ene-92Dic-92Dic-93Ene-95Ene-96Dic-96Dic-97Ene-99Ene-00Dic-00Dic-01Ene-03Ene-04Increase in Carbon DioxideConcentrationat Mauna Loa, Hawaii‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐1880 285 ppm (Est.)1958 315 ppm2012 393 ppmIncrease of 108 ppm in 132 years= .82 ppm/yr.Annual Growth Rates(decadal means)2012: 393 ppmAtmospheric CO 2 ConcentrationAnnual Mea Growth Rate (ppm y -1 )2010 2.372009 1.632008 1.812007 2.111970 – 1979: 1.3 ppm y -12006 1.831980 – 1989: 1.6 ppm y 12005 2.392004 1.581990 – 1999: 1.5 ppm y -12003 2.202002 2.402000 - 2010: 1.9 ppm y -12001 1.892000 1.22News, May 12, 2013• Mauna Loa,Hawaii• 400 PPM CarbonDioxide!• Highest in sinceat least threemillion yearsago!Data Source: Thomas Conway, 2011, NOAA/ESRL + Scripts InstitutionWhat is the net quantity of carbondioxide that is being added each day tothe atmosphere, globally?What is the net quantity of carbondioxide that is being added each day tothe atmosphere, globally?Estimates vary from 100,000,000 tonsper day to more than 1,000,000,000tons per day!

The Shellfish Know Climate Change is RealIncreasing Average TemperaturesThe rate of increase on land is accelerating.Warming for the entire 20th century clocks inat•The pH of Seawater is approximately 8.2•Calcifiers such as Shellfish and Corals use calcium carbonate to makeshells/skeletons•At pHs below 8.1 they have difficulty making these structures;•Coral dieoff is occurring and oysters, clams are decreasing, causingeconomic and environmental impacts;•These filter feeders perform numerous ocean cleaning functions;•If we continue to increase the global carbon dioxide concentrations,by 2100, the ocean’s pH could be 7.8 worldwide!Chasing Ice ‐ A documentary aboutreceding glaciersThe Earth is Shrinking!!!• The Human Population continues toincrease:– 70,000,000 per year!– That is approximately 7X thetotal population of Sweden arebeing added to the earth eachyear!– From, “The Earth is Shrinking:Advancing deserts and Rising SeasSqueezing Civilization,”by Lester Brownhttp://www.earthpolicy.org/updates/2006/update61.htmThe Earth is Shrinking!!!• Desserts are spreading;– China is losing productive landto deserts at an acceleratingrate• 1950 – 1975 they lost 1,560sq. km/yr..• By 2000 they lost 2,480 sq.km/yr.– In recent years Afghanistan lost100 villages and Iran lost 124villages due to advancingdesserts;What is Ahead on ourRoad to the Future?

Overview of this PresentationThe Roles of AlternativeParadigms and Indicators asMotivators for People to Change.The Chinese Government issupporting its citizen’sinvolvement with the theme:“Transformation to anEcologically Sound Society asthe Model for FutureDevelopmentNEW CHALLENGES• Make the Transition to Post FossilCarbon Societies;• Low Toxicity Raw Materials &Products;• Green Chemistry, GreenEngineering, Green Buildings;• Responsible Supply ChainManagement;• Bio-mimicry: Learning fromNature/Maintaining Bio-Diversity.Jeremy Rifkin’s,“The Third Industrial Revolution”• Society built upon energy efficiency andrenewable energy;Jeremy Rifkin’s,“The Third Industrial Revolution”• Society built upon renewable energy;• Buildings serve as mini‐power plants,which feed into the smart, decentralizedenergy grid;

Jeremy Rifkin’s,“The Third Industrial Revolution”• Society built upon renewable energy;• Buildings designed to serve as minipowerplants that feed electrical energyinto the smart, decentralized energygrid;• Some of the energy is stored ashydrogen;Jeremy Rifkin’s,“The Third Industrial Revolution”• Society built upon renewable energy;• Buildings designed to serve as minipowerplants that feed electrical energyinto the decentralized energy grid;• Some of the energy is stored ashydrogen or in Electric Vehicle batteries;• Smart energy internet grid distributionsystem.Sustainable Development InHigher Education Requires Usto Adopt– New thinking;Sustainable Development InHigher Education Requires Usto Adopt– New thinking;– New paradigms;Sustainable Development InHigher Education Requires Usto Adopt– New thinking;– New paradigms;– New policies;Sustainable Development InHigher Education Requires Usto Adopt– New thinking;– New paradigms;– New policies;– New technologies;

Sustainable Development InHigher Education Requires Usto Adopt– New thinking;– New paradigms;– New policies;– New technologies;– New management;Sustainable Development InHigher Education Requires Usto Adopt– New thinking;– New paradigms;– New policies;– New technologies;– New management;– New cooperation;Sustainable Development InHigher Education Requires Usto Adopt– New thinking;– New paradigms;– New policies;– New technologies;– New management;– New cooperation;– New values.Be a catalyst and role modelfor change• Learn how the system really works;• Understand how to work with thesystem by effectively using leveragepoints;• Be a role model for the changes youhope to see evolve in society.Be a catalyst and role modelfor change• Foster development of innovativeindustrial processes that mimicnatural environmental processes viaGreen chemistry, engineering,architecture and products;• Foster innovative development thatis based upon the fact that socialissues are financial issuesBe a catalyst and role modelfor change• Move increasingly from ”site thinking”to ”regional thinking”;• Move from production thinking tosustainable production & consumptionthinking;• Foster integration of ethical and socialfactors into sustainable city andregional planning;

Be a catalyst and role modelfor change• Foster the development ofSustainable eco-communities basedupon bio-regionalism;• Participate in international networkson sustainable city & regionaldevelopment.Be a catalyst and role modelfor change• Develop and enforce regulationsdesigned to achieve sustainablesocieties;• Develop ecological, economicand ethical sustainabilityperformance indicators;Be a catalyst and role modelfor change• Use the sustainabilityperformance indicators tomonitor progress towardsustainable societies;• Report on the progress or lackof progress and correctpolicies, procedures andprocesses as needed危 机Crisis危Danger

机OpportunityAlternatives to Gross National Product (GNP)or Gross Domestic Product (GDP)– The Happiness Index(HI);– The Quality of Life Index(QoLI);– The Wellness Index (WI);– The Inclusive WealthIndex (IWI);– World Happiness Index(WHI);– The Happy Planet Index;– The Gallup World Poll(QWP);– The World Values Survey(WVS)– The European SocialSurvey (ESS)•– The OECD Better LifeIndex– The UNDP’s HumanDevelopment Index (HDI);– The True SustainabilityIndex;– Country FuturesIndicators;– Human DevelopmentIndex (HDI);– The Calvert-HendersonQuality of Life Indictors;– The Canadian Index ofWell-Being.SustainableDevelopment Is aJourney........ Not aDestination!!Who should be empowered to makedecisions on international and globalwelfare issues ?• Are we ready & willing to takethe necessary steps?

Old Polish ProverbIf you don’t want to dosomething, you can always findan excuse!If you do want to do something,you can always find a way!