Was the Landskrona Project an Effective Catalyst for Change?
Was the Landskrona Project an Effective Catalyst for Change?
Was the Landskrona Project an Effective Catalyst for Change?
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<strong>Was</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>L<strong>an</strong>dskrona</strong> <strong>Project</strong> <strong>an</strong><strong>Effective</strong> <strong>Catalyst</strong> <strong>for</strong> Ch<strong>an</strong>ge?Folkets Hus, <strong>L<strong>an</strong>dskrona</strong>May 14, 2013Prof. Dr. Donald HuisinghSenior Scientist in Cle<strong>an</strong>er Production <strong>an</strong>dSustainable DevelopmentThe Institute <strong>for</strong> a Secure <strong>an</strong>d Sustainable Environment,Editor in Chief, Journal of Cle<strong>an</strong>er ProductionThe University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN 37996‐4134, U.S.AE‐mail: donaldhuisingh@comcast.netSKYPE: huisinghdonOverview of this Presentation• The Roles of Good Examples to MotivatePeople to Ch<strong>an</strong>ge;• The <strong>L<strong>an</strong>dskrona</strong> <strong>Project</strong> as a <strong>Catalyst</strong> <strong>for</strong>Ch<strong>an</strong>ge;• The Roles of Crises as Motivators <strong>for</strong> Peopleto Ch<strong>an</strong>ge;• The Roles of Alternative Paradigms <strong>an</strong>dIndicators as Motivators <strong>for</strong> People toCh<strong>an</strong>ge.Overview of this Presentation• The Roles of Good Examples to MotivatePeople to Ch<strong>an</strong>ge;• The <strong>L<strong>an</strong>dskrona</strong> <strong>Project</strong> as a <strong>Catalyst</strong> <strong>for</strong>Ch<strong>an</strong>ge;• It is a very long Journey from‘Dilution is <strong>the</strong> Solution to Pollution’to ‘Prevention is <strong>the</strong> Solution toSustainable Regional Development’Historical Background to <strong>the</strong><strong>L<strong>an</strong>dskrona</strong> <strong>Project</strong>• In 1975, J.T. Ling, VP of MinnesotaMining <strong>an</strong>d M<strong>an</strong>ufacturing (3M)initiated a project he called, “PollutionPrevention Pays.”Historical Background to <strong>the</strong><strong>L<strong>an</strong>dskrona</strong> <strong>Project</strong>• In 1975, J.T. Ling, VP of Minnesota Mining<strong>an</strong>d M<strong>an</strong>ufacturing (3M) initiated a projec<strong>the</strong> called, “Pollution Prevention Pays.”• His team found m<strong>an</strong>y ways to prevent <strong>the</strong>need <strong>for</strong> ‘end‐of‐pipe’ treatment byimproving <strong>the</strong>ir product design, rawmaterial’s, process optimization, processmonitoring, training, etc.
Historical Background to <strong>the</strong><strong>L<strong>an</strong>dskrona</strong> <strong>Project</strong>• In 1975, J.T. Ling, VP of Minnesota Mining<strong>an</strong>d M<strong>an</strong>ufacturing (3M) initiated a projec<strong>the</strong> called, “Pollution Prevention Pays.”• His team found m<strong>an</strong>y ways to prevent <strong>the</strong>need <strong>for</strong> ‘end‐of‐pipe’ treatment byimproving <strong>the</strong>ir product design, rawmaterial’s, process optimization, processmonitoring, training, etc.• Since 1975, 3M has saved Billions of $’s.Leadership from <strong>the</strong> Governorof North Carolina• I worked as <strong>the</strong> science policy advisor toGovernor Hunt from 1980 ‐1983;• I in<strong>for</strong>med Gov. Hunt, about 3M’sfindings <strong>an</strong>d proposed we host aconference with J.T. Ling as keynotespeaker;• We pl<strong>an</strong>ned <strong>an</strong>d hosted a conference;Conference“Pollution Prevention Pays:Ecology with Economy as Policy”May 1982Winston Salem North CarolinaResults?• Four hundred particip<strong>an</strong>ts from government,industry, university faculty <strong>an</strong>d students <strong>an</strong>dNGOs;Results?• Four hundred particip<strong>an</strong>ts from government,industry, university faculty <strong>an</strong>d students <strong>an</strong>dNGOs;• Published Book through Pergamon‐1982 ;Results?• Four hundred particip<strong>an</strong>ts from government,industry, university faculty <strong>an</strong>d students <strong>an</strong>dNGOs;• Published Book through Pergamon 1982;• Legislation passed in North Carolinalegislature to promote Pollution Prevention1983;
Results?• Four hundred particip<strong>an</strong>ts from government,industry, university faculty <strong>an</strong>d students <strong>an</strong>dNGOs;• Published Book through Pergamon‐1982;• Legislation passed in North Carolinalegislature to promote Pollution Prevention‐1983;• Established <strong>the</strong> first Pollution PreventionIndustrial Technical Assist<strong>an</strong>ce Center‐1983<strong>L<strong>an</strong>dskrona</strong> <strong>Project</strong> –August 1987• Th<strong>an</strong>ks to Michael Backm<strong>an</strong>, LarsSiljebratt, funders, comp<strong>an</strong>y leaders <strong>an</strong>d<strong>the</strong>ir employees <strong>an</strong>d o<strong>the</strong>rs, <strong>the</strong> first‘Pollution Prevention’ project in Europewas started.Through Learning by Doing!• The lessons learned by <strong>the</strong> team in workingwith <strong>the</strong> <strong>L<strong>an</strong>dskrona</strong> comp<strong>an</strong>ies, helped<strong>the</strong>m to become effective “ch<strong>an</strong>ge agents”;Through Learning by Doing!• The lessons learned by <strong>the</strong> team in workingwith <strong>the</strong> <strong>L<strong>an</strong>dskrona</strong> comp<strong>an</strong>ies, helped<strong>the</strong>m to become effective “ch<strong>an</strong>ge agents”;• The lessons learned by <strong>the</strong> comp<strong>an</strong>y peoplehelped <strong>the</strong>m to make improvements in <strong>the</strong>short <strong>an</strong>d longer term;Through Learning by Doing!• The lessons learned by <strong>the</strong> team in workingwith <strong>the</strong> <strong>L<strong>an</strong>dskrona</strong> comp<strong>an</strong>ies, helped<strong>the</strong>m to become effective “ch<strong>an</strong>ge agents”;• The lessons learned by <strong>the</strong> comp<strong>an</strong>y peoplehelped <strong>the</strong>m to make improvements in <strong>the</strong>short <strong>an</strong>d longer term;• The lessons learned by <strong>the</strong> comp<strong>an</strong>y peoplehelped <strong>the</strong>m to encourage o<strong>the</strong>rs to begin toask what c<strong>an</strong> we do in our comp<strong>an</strong>ies from apreventative perspective?Through Diffusion• The findings of <strong>the</strong> <strong>L<strong>an</strong>dskrona</strong> projectcatalyzed o<strong>the</strong>r projects in:• Norway, Ne<strong>the</strong>rl<strong>an</strong>ds, U.K., Denmark,Finl<strong>an</strong>d, Austria, Irel<strong>an</strong>d, Pol<strong>an</strong>d, CzechRepublic,
Through Diffusion• The findings of <strong>the</strong> <strong>L<strong>an</strong>dskrona</strong> projectcatalyzed o<strong>the</strong>r projects in:• Norway, Ne<strong>the</strong>rl<strong>an</strong>ds, U.K., Denmark,Finl<strong>an</strong>d, Austria, Irel<strong>an</strong>d, Pol<strong>an</strong>d, CzechRepublic,• Hungary, Italy, Belgium, Portugal,Switzerl<strong>an</strong>d, New Zeal<strong>an</strong>d, Australia,China, India, Korea, C<strong>an</strong>ada, Mexico &Egypt <strong>an</strong>d in about 45 o<strong>the</strong>r countriesThrough Leadership & Diffusion– UNEP’s & UNIDO’s Program <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong>development of National SustainableConsumption <strong>an</strong>d Production ProductionCenters in 50 developing countries;Through Leadership & Diffusion– UNEP’s & UNIDO’s Program <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong>development of National SustainableConsumption <strong>an</strong>d Production ProductionCenters in 50 developing countries;– Establishment of Sustainable Consumption& Production Roundtables in:Through Educational & Researchef<strong>for</strong>ts in Universities• The International Institute <strong>for</strong> IndustrialEnvironmental Economics (IIIEE) in LundUniversity was established, due, in large part,to <strong>the</strong> catalytic roles of <strong>the</strong> <strong>L<strong>an</strong>dskrona</strong>project;The U.S. Europe C<strong>an</strong>adaThe Asia Australia MexicoPacific‐RegionBrazil AfricaThrough Educational & Researchef<strong>for</strong>ts in Universities• The International Institute <strong>for</strong> IndustrialEnvironmental Economics (IIIEE) in LundUniversity was established, due, in large part,to <strong>the</strong> catalytic roles of <strong>the</strong> <strong>L<strong>an</strong>dskrona</strong>project;• Similar educational M.Sc., <strong>an</strong>d Ph.D programsnow exist in about 200 universities, globally,due to <strong>the</strong> ‘preventative approaches of <strong>the</strong><strong>L<strong>an</strong>dskrona</strong> project <strong>an</strong>d to similar projects.Through Regulations to PromotePreventative Approaches• The U.S., C<strong>an</strong>ada, China, The EU <strong>an</strong>dm<strong>an</strong>y o<strong>the</strong>r regions have developedregulations that foster implementationof Cle<strong>an</strong>er Production & Toxics Usereduction approaches.
Through International Org<strong>an</strong>izationalEf<strong>for</strong>ts to Promote PreventativeApproachesAgenda 21;The Earth Charter;Millennium DevelopmentGoalsThe Precautionary Principle;The Natural Step Principles;The Melbourne Principles;The Decade of Education <strong>for</strong>Sustainable Development(EfSD) 2005 – 2014;The Equator Principles <strong>for</strong>Sustainable Fin<strong>an</strong>ce.Through NGO ef<strong>for</strong>ts to PromotePreventative ApproachesThe C<strong>an</strong>adi<strong>an</strong>‐Americ<strong>an</strong> Cle<strong>an</strong> ProductionAction Org<strong>an</strong>izationGreen Peace’s Actions on ToxicsThe World Wildlife FederationThe Friends of <strong>the</strong> EarthThe Nature Conserv<strong>an</strong>cyAnd m<strong>an</strong>y o<strong>the</strong>rs, which are working onprevention of environmental <strong>an</strong>d hum<strong>an</strong>health problemsThrough ISO <strong>an</strong>dGRI‐related ef<strong>for</strong>ts• The ISO series of ISO 9000, 14000,18000, 26000 <strong>an</strong>d o<strong>the</strong>rs help comp<strong>an</strong>yleaders to reduce risks, waste <strong>an</strong>denvironmental damages;• The Global Reporting Initiative <strong>an</strong>dAdv<strong>an</strong>ces in Corporate SocialResponsibility Reporting;Through CurrentISO/TC 268 Ef<strong>for</strong>ts• Sustainable Development of RegionalSustainable M<strong>an</strong>agement;• Development of Smart/Sustainable CityIndicators <strong>an</strong>d IndicesThrough InternationalScientific Journals• The International Journal of IndustrialEcology;Through InternationalScientific Journals• The International Journal of IndustrialEcology;• The International Journal of Life CycleAssessment;•
Through InternationalScientific Journals• The International Journal of IndustrialEcology;• The International Journal of Life CycleAssessment;• The International Journal of Sustainability inHigher Education;Through InternationalScientific Journals• The International Journal of IndustrialEcology;• The International Journal of Life CycleAssessment;• The International Journal of Sustainability inHigher Education;• The Journal of Cle<strong>an</strong>er Production wasfounded in 1992, is now published in twentyfourvolumes per year;•Some Special Issues of <strong>the</strong>Journal of Cle<strong>an</strong>er Production• Sustainable Fisheries;• Sustainable Agriculture;• Sustainable Tourism;Some Special Issues of <strong>the</strong>Journal of Cle<strong>an</strong>er Production• Sustainable Fisheries;• Sustainable Agriculture;• Sustainable Tourism;• Toward Zero <strong>Was</strong>te;• Green Supply ChainM<strong>an</strong>agement;• International Trade in Bio-Fuels;Some Special Issues of <strong>the</strong>Journal of Cle<strong>an</strong>er Production• Sustainable Fisheries;• Sustainable Agriculture;• Sustainable Tourism;• Toward Zero <strong>Was</strong>te;• Green Supply ChainM<strong>an</strong>agement;• International Trade in Bio-Fuels;• Hydrogen production by microorg<strong>an</strong>isms.
Some Special Issues of <strong>the</strong>Journal of Cle<strong>an</strong>er Production• Industrial Ecology/ IndustrialSymbiosis;Some Special Issues of <strong>the</strong>Journal of Cle<strong>an</strong>er Production• Industrial Ecology/ IndustrialSymbiosis;• Sustainable Production <strong>an</strong>dConsumption;• Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR);Some Special Issues of <strong>the</strong>Journal of Cle<strong>an</strong>er Production• Industrial Ecology/ IndustrialSymbiosis;• Sustainable Production <strong>an</strong>dConsumption;• Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR);• Innovation <strong>an</strong>d InnovationDiffusion;• Sustainable Tr<strong>an</strong>sportation;Some Special Issues of <strong>the</strong>Journal of Cle<strong>an</strong>er Production• Zero Emissions Technologies;– Electroplating, Lea<strong>the</strong>r making, PapermakingSome Special Issues of <strong>the</strong>Journal of Cle<strong>an</strong>er Production• Zero Emissions Technologies;– Electroplating, Lea<strong>the</strong>r making, Papermaking• Innovations in:– Green Chemistry;– Green Engineering;– Green Buildings;– Global Supply Chain M<strong>an</strong>agement;Some Special Issues of <strong>the</strong>Journal of Cle<strong>an</strong>er Production• Sustainable Urb<strong>an</strong>Tr<strong>an</strong>s<strong>for</strong>mation;
Some Special Issues of <strong>the</strong>Journal of Cle<strong>an</strong>er Production• Sustainable Urb<strong>an</strong>Tr<strong>an</strong>s<strong>for</strong>mation;• Co-benefits in Urb<strong>an</strong> <strong>an</strong>dRegional Tr<strong>an</strong>s<strong>for</strong>mation;Some Special Issues of <strong>the</strong>Journal of Cle<strong>an</strong>er Production• Sustainable Urb<strong>an</strong>Tr<strong>an</strong>s<strong>for</strong>mation;• Co-benefits in Urb<strong>an</strong> <strong>an</strong>dRegional Tr<strong>an</strong>s<strong>for</strong>mation;• Women, Water, <strong>Was</strong>te, Wisdom<strong>an</strong>d Wealth;Some Special Issues of <strong>the</strong>Journal of Cle<strong>an</strong>er Production• Sustainable Urb<strong>an</strong>Tr<strong>an</strong>s<strong>for</strong>mation;• Co-benefits in Urb<strong>an</strong> <strong>an</strong>dRegional Tr<strong>an</strong>s<strong>for</strong>mation;• Women, Water, <strong>Was</strong>te, Wisdom<strong>an</strong>d Wealth;• Education <strong>for</strong> SustainableSocieties (Six Special Issueshave been published.)Some Special Issues of <strong>the</strong>Journal of Cle<strong>an</strong>er Production• Growth, Recession or Degrowth <strong>for</strong>Sustainability <strong>an</strong>d Equity?• Regional Sustainable Development <strong>an</strong>d<strong>the</strong> Circular Economy;• Sustainable Mining <strong>an</strong>d The Cradle‐to‐Cradle Economy;• Le<strong>an</strong> <strong>an</strong>d Green Production.In this context are all comp<strong>an</strong>iesin all countries using <strong>the</strong>sepreventative approaches?In this context are all comp<strong>an</strong>iesin all countries using <strong>the</strong>sepreventative approaches?• No!!!!• Why not?
Overview of this Presentation• It is a very long Journey from‘Dilution is <strong>the</strong> Solution to Pollution’to ‘Prevention is <strong>the</strong> Solution toSustainable Regional Development’The Roles of Crises asMotivators <strong>for</strong> People to Ch<strong>an</strong>geWhat are <strong>the</strong> Roles of Crises asMotivators <strong>for</strong> Ch<strong>an</strong>ge?• Carson’s “Silent Spring” ‐ pesticides• Colburn’s “Our Stolen Future”‐ endocrinedisruptersWhat are <strong>the</strong> Roles of Crises asMotivators <strong>for</strong> Ch<strong>an</strong>ge?• Carson’s “Silent Spring” ‐ pesticides• Colburn’s “Our Stolen Future”‐ endocrinedisrupters• Ozone layer thinning‐ halogenatedsubst<strong>an</strong>cesWhat are <strong>the</strong> Roles of Crises asMotivators <strong>for</strong> Ch<strong>an</strong>ge?• Carson’s “Silent Spring” ‐ pesticides• Colburn’s “Our Stolen Future”‐ endocrinedisrupters• Ozone layer thinning‐ halogenatedsubst<strong>an</strong>ces• Nuclear reactor meltdowns‐radio‐activesubst<strong>an</strong>ce releases to <strong>the</strong> environment• Climate ch<strong>an</strong>ge‐ carbon dioxide <strong>an</strong>d meth<strong>an</strong>e• http://www.worldwatch.org/brain/features/timeline/timeline.htm危 机Crisis
危D<strong>an</strong>ger机Opportunity危 机CrisisAir Pollution Episodes• M<strong>an</strong>y of <strong>the</strong> challenges highlightedearlier were chronic, long‐termproblems;• Sometimes we also have short‐termepisodes such as severe smog;1930.12 Belgium Meuse Valley fogCausesFive of <strong>the</strong> top ten environmentalpollution incidents in 20 th centuryConsequencescombination of industrial air pollution <strong>an</strong>d climaticconditions, pollut<strong>an</strong>ts: SO 2 , SO 363 deaths in one week; main symptom was dyspnea(shortness of breath); cattle were also affected1943 Los Angeles, USA Photochemical smogCausesConsequencesEmission of CH, NOx, CO from vehicles, emissions fromrefinery pl<strong>an</strong>tsTrees died in high mountains; $1.5 billion loss due to airpollution in 1950; 75% of <strong>the</strong> citizens were seriously affectedby respiratory <strong>an</strong>d eye infections in 1970.
1948.10.16‐21 Pennsylv<strong>an</strong>ia, USA Donora smogCausesThe town lies in <strong>the</strong> valley with mountains on both sides;toxic gases such as SO2, NOx, HF were emitted fromsulphuric acid <strong>an</strong>d steel pl<strong>an</strong>t & accumulated in <strong>the</strong>valleyConsequences 20 deaths <strong>an</strong>d 7,000 sicknesses in Donora (with 14,000people in total); symptoms were eye diseases,respiratory <strong>an</strong>d digestive diseases were domin<strong>an</strong>t1952.12.5‐9 London, UK Great smogCausesConsequencesCO2, CO, SO2, TSP emission from coal burning; vehicleexhaust—particularly from diesel‐fuelled buses; heavilypolluted air from Continental Europe4000 deaths in four days; symptoms: bronchitis,coronary heart , tuberculosis; 52 of 300 cattle werepoisoned in <strong>the</strong> cattle exhibition1961 Yokkaichi, Jap<strong>an</strong> Yokkaichi asthmaCausesConsequencesSO2, TSP emissions from petrochemical processingfacilities <strong>an</strong>d refineriessevere cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, <strong>an</strong>d bronchialasthma rose quickly1961 Yokkaichi, Jap<strong>an</strong> Yokkaichi asthmaCausesConsequencesSO2, TSP emissions from petrochemical processingfacilities <strong>an</strong>d refineriessevere cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, <strong>an</strong>d bronchialasthma rose quicklyWea<strong>the</strong>r Conditions of ChinaonJ<strong>an</strong> 30, 2013Ti<strong>an</strong> ‘<strong>an</strong> Men SquareThe Oriental Pearl TVTower
Zibo CityBeijing’s Sky 2012.3.1‐2013.3.5 8:00‐9:00Sh<strong>an</strong>dong UniversityThe Air Quality Index of four Cities inChinaSOURCES OF CARBON DIOXIDE75Data Source: EPASoot in exhaust spews out black carbonControlled burns release huge amountsof sooty black carbon into <strong>the</strong> atmosphere.
Black carbon, a short‐lived pollut<strong>an</strong>t(shown in purple), shrouds <strong>the</strong> globe.Fossil Fuel & Cement CO 2 Emissions: Top EmittersCarbon Emissions per year(C tons x 1,000,000)25002000150010005000IndiaRussi<strong>an</strong> Fed.Time (y)Global Carbon <strong>Project</strong> 2011; Peters et al. 2011 (in review); Data: Boden, Marl<strong>an</strong>d, Andres-CDIAC 2011ChinaUSAJap<strong>an</strong>1990 93 95 97 99 2001 03 05 07 20102010 GrowthRates9.9%4.0%9.0%5.6%6.5%Concentration of Carbon Dioxide in Antarctic iceMeth<strong>an</strong>e concentration in <strong>the</strong> Antarctic ice310800290270250230210190170concentration (PPMs)750700650600550500450400350Concentration of meth<strong>an</strong>e in Ppbs450,000400,000350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,0000150450,000400,000350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,0000300Time in years be<strong>for</strong>e <strong>the</strong> presentTime in years be<strong>for</strong>e <strong>the</strong> present450,000Atmospheric Temperature Variations as detectedfrom <strong>the</strong> Antarctic ice400,000350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,000Time in years be<strong>for</strong>e <strong>the</strong> present50,000420-2-4-6-8-10-120Differences in Tempreture (°C)R<strong>an</strong>ges <strong>an</strong>d concentrationsduring 450,000 years• Carbon dioxide concentration r<strong>an</strong>ge =(185 – 295 PPM) (2012 393 PPM)<strong>Project</strong>ed by 2050 tobe between 450 & 750 PPM!• Meth<strong>an</strong>e concentration r<strong>an</strong>ge =(340 -760 PPB) (2004 1700 PPB)<strong>Project</strong>ed by 2050???• The average temperature r<strong>an</strong>geduring this period was 10° C.
Concentration of Carbon Dioxide as measured inColorado, C<strong>an</strong>ada <strong>an</strong>d at The South PoleConcentration en PPMs390380370360350340330320SouthPoleColoradoC<strong>an</strong>adaEne-75Ene-76Dic-76Dic-77Ene-79Ene-80Dic-80Dic-81Ene-83Ene-84Dic-84Dic-85Ene-87Ene-88Dic-88Dic-89Ene-91Ene-92Dic-92Dic-93Ene-95Ene-96Dic-96Dic-97Ene-99Ene-00Dic-00Dic-01Ene-03Ene-04Increase in Carbon DioxideConcentrationat Mauna Loa, Hawaii‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐1880 285 ppm (Est.)1958 315 ppm2012 393 ppmIncrease of 108 ppm in 132 years= .82 ppm/yr.Annual Growth Rates(decadal me<strong>an</strong>s)2012: 393 ppmAtmospheric CO 2 ConcentrationAnnual Mea Growth Rate (ppm y -1 )2010 2.372009 1.632008 1.812007 2.111970 – 1979: 1.3 ppm y -12006 1.831980 – 1989: 1.6 ppm y 12005 2.392004 1.581990 – 1999: 1.5 ppm y -12003 2.202002 2.402000 - 2010: 1.9 ppm y -12001 1.892000 1.22News, May 12, 2013• Mauna Loa,Hawaii• 400 PPM CarbonDioxide!• Highest in sinceat least threemillion yearsago!Data Source: Thomas Conway, 2011, NOAA/ESRL + Scripts InstitutionWhat is <strong>the</strong> net qu<strong>an</strong>tity of carbondioxide that is being added each day to<strong>the</strong> atmosphere, globally?What is <strong>the</strong> net qu<strong>an</strong>tity of carbondioxide that is being added each day to<strong>the</strong> atmosphere, globally?Estimates vary from 100,000,000 tonsper day to more th<strong>an</strong> 1,000,000,000tons per day!
The Shellfish Know Climate Ch<strong>an</strong>ge is RealIncreasing Average TemperaturesThe rate of increase on l<strong>an</strong>d is accelerating.Warming <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> entire 20th century clocks inat•The pH of Seawater is approximately 8.2•Calcifiers such as Shellfish <strong>an</strong>d Corals use calcium carbonate to makeshells/skeletons•At pHs below 8.1 <strong>the</strong>y have difficulty making <strong>the</strong>se structures;•Coral dieoff is occurring <strong>an</strong>d oysters, clams are decreasing, causingeconomic <strong>an</strong>d environmental impacts;•These filter feeders per<strong>for</strong>m numerous oce<strong>an</strong> cle<strong>an</strong>ing functions;•If we continue to increase <strong>the</strong> global carbon dioxide concentrations,by 2100, <strong>the</strong> oce<strong>an</strong>’s pH could be 7.8 worldwide!Chasing Ice ‐ A documentary aboutreceding glaciersThe Earth is Shrinking!!!• The Hum<strong>an</strong> Population continues toincrease:– 70,000,000 per year!– That is approximately 7X <strong>the</strong>total population of Sweden arebeing added to <strong>the</strong> earth eachyear!– From, “The Earth is Shrinking:Adv<strong>an</strong>cing deserts <strong>an</strong>d Rising SeasSqueezing Civilization,”by Lester Brownhttp://www.earthpolicy.org/updates/2006/update61.htmThe Earth is Shrinking!!!• Desserts are spreading;– China is losing productive l<strong>an</strong>dto deserts at <strong>an</strong> acceleratingrate• 1950 – 1975 <strong>the</strong>y lost 1,560sq. km/yr..• By 2000 <strong>the</strong>y lost 2,480 sq.km/yr.– In recent years Afgh<strong>an</strong>ist<strong>an</strong> lost100 villages <strong>an</strong>d Ir<strong>an</strong> lost 124villages due to adv<strong>an</strong>cingdesserts;What is Ahead on ourRoad to <strong>the</strong> Future?
Overview of this PresentationThe Roles of AlternativeParadigms <strong>an</strong>d Indicators asMotivators <strong>for</strong> People to Ch<strong>an</strong>ge.The Chinese Government issupporting its citizen’sinvolvement with <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>me:“Tr<strong>an</strong>s<strong>for</strong>mation to <strong>an</strong>Ecologically Sound Society as<strong>the</strong> Model <strong>for</strong> FutureDevelopmentNEW CHALLENGES• Make <strong>the</strong> Tr<strong>an</strong>sition to Post FossilCarbon Societies;• Low Toxicity Raw Materials &Products;• Green Chemistry, GreenEngineering, Green Buildings;• Responsible Supply ChainM<strong>an</strong>agement;• Bio-mimicry: Learning fromNature/Maintaining Bio-Diversity.Jeremy Rifkin’s,“The Third Industrial Revolution”• Society built upon energy efficiency <strong>an</strong>drenewable energy;Jeremy Rifkin’s,“The Third Industrial Revolution”• Society built upon renewable energy;• Buildings serve as mini‐power pl<strong>an</strong>ts,which feed into <strong>the</strong> smart, decentralizedenergy grid;
Jeremy Rifkin’s,“The Third Industrial Revolution”• Society built upon renewable energy;• Buildings designed to serve as minipowerpl<strong>an</strong>ts that feed electrical energyinto <strong>the</strong> smart, decentralized energygrid;• Some of <strong>the</strong> energy is stored ashydrogen;Jeremy Rifkin’s,“The Third Industrial Revolution”• Society built upon renewable energy;• Buildings designed to serve as minipowerpl<strong>an</strong>ts that feed electrical energyinto <strong>the</strong> decentralized energy grid;• Some of <strong>the</strong> energy is stored ashydrogen or in Electric Vehicle batteries;• Smart energy internet grid distributionsystem.Sustainable Development InHigher Education Requires Usto Adopt– New thinking;Sustainable Development InHigher Education Requires Usto Adopt– New thinking;– New paradigms;Sustainable Development InHigher Education Requires Usto Adopt– New thinking;– New paradigms;– New policies;Sustainable Development InHigher Education Requires Usto Adopt– New thinking;– New paradigms;– New policies;– New technologies;
Sustainable Development InHigher Education Requires Usto Adopt– New thinking;– New paradigms;– New policies;– New technologies;– New m<strong>an</strong>agement;Sustainable Development InHigher Education Requires Usto Adopt– New thinking;– New paradigms;– New policies;– New technologies;– New m<strong>an</strong>agement;– New cooperation;Sustainable Development InHigher Education Requires Usto Adopt– New thinking;– New paradigms;– New policies;– New technologies;– New m<strong>an</strong>agement;– New cooperation;– New values.Be a catalyst <strong>an</strong>d role model<strong>for</strong> ch<strong>an</strong>ge• Learn how <strong>the</strong> system really works;• Underst<strong>an</strong>d how to work with <strong>the</strong>system by effectively using leveragepoints;• Be a role model <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> ch<strong>an</strong>ges youhope to see evolve in society.Be a catalyst <strong>an</strong>d role model<strong>for</strong> ch<strong>an</strong>ge• Foster development of innovativeindustrial processes that mimicnatural environmental processes viaGreen chemistry, engineering,architecture <strong>an</strong>d products;• Foster innovative development thatis based upon <strong>the</strong> fact that socialissues are fin<strong>an</strong>cial issuesBe a catalyst <strong>an</strong>d role model<strong>for</strong> ch<strong>an</strong>ge• Move increasingly from ”site thinking”to ”regional thinking”;• Move from production thinking tosustainable production & consumptionthinking;• Foster integration of ethical <strong>an</strong>d socialfactors into sustainable city <strong>an</strong>dregional pl<strong>an</strong>ning;
Be a catalyst <strong>an</strong>d role model<strong>for</strong> ch<strong>an</strong>ge• Foster <strong>the</strong> development ofSustainable eco-communities basedupon bio-regionalism;• Participate in international networkson sustainable city & regionaldevelopment.Be a catalyst <strong>an</strong>d role model<strong>for</strong> ch<strong>an</strong>ge• Develop <strong>an</strong>d en<strong>for</strong>ce regulationsdesigned to achieve sustainablesocieties;• Develop ecological, economic<strong>an</strong>d ethical sustainabilityper<strong>for</strong>m<strong>an</strong>ce indicators;Be a catalyst <strong>an</strong>d role model<strong>for</strong> ch<strong>an</strong>ge• Use <strong>the</strong> sustainabilityper<strong>for</strong>m<strong>an</strong>ce indicators tomonitor progress towardsustainable societies;• Report on <strong>the</strong> progress or lackof progress <strong>an</strong>d correctpolicies, procedures <strong>an</strong>dprocesses as needed危 机Crisis危D<strong>an</strong>ger
机OpportunityAlternatives to Gross National Product (GNP)or Gross Domestic Product (GDP)– The Happiness Index(HI);– The Quality of Life Index(QoLI);– The Wellness Index (WI);– The Inclusive WealthIndex (IWI);– World Happiness Index(WHI);– The Happy Pl<strong>an</strong>et Index;– The Gallup World Poll(QWP);– The World Values Survey(WVS)– The Europe<strong>an</strong> SocialSurvey (ESS)•– The OECD Better LifeIndex– The UNDP’s Hum<strong>an</strong>Development Index (HDI);– The True SustainabilityIndex;– Country FuturesIndicators;– Hum<strong>an</strong> DevelopmentIndex (HDI);– The Calvert-HendersonQuality of Life Indictors;– The C<strong>an</strong>adi<strong>an</strong> Index ofWell-Being.SustainableDevelopment Is aJourney........ Not aDestination!!Who should be empowered to makedecisions on international <strong>an</strong>d globalwelfare issues ?• Are we ready & willing to take<strong>the</strong> necessary steps?
Old Polish ProverbIf you don’t w<strong>an</strong>t to dosomething, you c<strong>an</strong> always find<strong>an</strong> excuse!If you do w<strong>an</strong>t to do something,you c<strong>an</strong> always find a way!