bundle block adjustment with 3d natural cubic splines

The stereo model consisting of two images with twelve EOPs is a common orientationunit. The mechanism of object reconstruction from stereo model is the samewith the animal and human visual system. The principle aspects of the human visionsystem including neurophysiology, anatomy and visual perception is well describedin Digital Photogrammetry (Schenk, 1999 [57]). The classical orientation model isimplemented in two steps with relative orientation and absolute orientation to solvetwelve orientation parameters for a model of two images. Five unknowns are solvedfrom relative orientation for a stereoscopic view to the model, and seven unknownsthree shifts, three rotations, and one scale factor are determined from absolute orientation.At least three vertical and two horizontal control points are required to obtainseven parameters of absolute orientation. In traditional photogrammetry, all orientationprocedures are performed manually by a photogrammetric operator. Fiducialmarks which define the photo coordinate system while they define the pixel coordinatesystem in digital photogrammetry are used in interior orientation which is imagereconstruction with respect to perspective center.The matching of conjugate entities plays an important role in relative orientation,and ground control points (GCPs) are adopted in absolute orientation to calculatethe object space coordinate system. Matching techniques can be divided into twocategories, area-based matching and feature-based matching. Area-based matchingmethods employ a similarity property between a small image patch in a templatewindow and an image patch in a matching window.Two well known area-basedmatching methods are cross-correlation and least squares matching, also gray levelsplay an important role in area-based matching. Feature-based matching uses featuresfor conjugate entities such as points, edges, linear features and volume features and the4