managing soil organic matter - Grains Research & Development ...
managing soil organic matter - Grains Research & Development ...
managing soil organic matter - Grains Research & Development ...
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CONTENTS2MANAGING SOIL ORGANIC MATTER: A PRACTICAL GUIDETABLES, FIGURES AND PLATES 04INTRODUCTION 06- Organic <strong>matter</strong> status of Australian <strong>soil</strong>sCHAPTER 1 08Soil <strong>organic</strong> <strong>matter</strong>- What is <strong>soil</strong> <strong>organic</strong> <strong>matter</strong>?- Calculating <strong>soil</strong> <strong>organic</strong> <strong>matter</strong>- Soil <strong>organic</strong> <strong>matter</strong> function- Carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio and <strong>soil</strong> <strong>organic</strong><strong>matter</strong>- How much <strong>organic</strong> <strong>matter</strong> ends up in <strong>soil</strong>?CHAPTER 2 18Biological turnover of <strong>organic</strong> <strong>matter</strong>- Soil microorganisms• Soil fungi to bacteria ratio- Soil fauna• Earthworms• Soil-borne plant pathogens• Suppressive <strong>soil</strong>s- Organic <strong>matter</strong> turnover times• Organic <strong>matter</strong> characteristics• Soil characteristics• Climate• Location in the <strong>soil</strong> profile- Ecosystem services• Soil bufferingCHAPTER 3 24The carbon cycle- Carbon balance in <strong>soil</strong>s• What factors drive changes in the carbonbalance?• What is the rate of change?• How stable is <strong>organic</strong> <strong>matter</strong>?• Is <strong>organic</strong> <strong>matter</strong> worth building up?• Managing <strong>soil</strong> <strong>organic</strong> <strong>matter</strong> tooptimise agricultural productionsystemsCHAPTER 4 30Soil <strong>organic</strong> <strong>matter</strong> and nutrient availabilityin agriculture- Organic <strong>matter</strong> and cation exchange- Nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and <strong>organic</strong><strong>matter</strong>• Nitrogen supply• Nitrogen cycling• The influence of <strong>organic</strong> inputson <strong>soil</strong> nitrogen supply• Phosphorus• Phosphorus and <strong>organic</strong> <strong>matter</strong>• Managing <strong>organic</strong> phosphorous• Sulphur• Sulphur and <strong>organic</strong> <strong>matter</strong>• Sulphur deficiencies in the <strong>soil</strong>• PotassiumCHAPTER 5 38Soil <strong>organic</strong> <strong>matter</strong> and plant available water- What affects the water holding capacity of <strong>soil</strong>?- The influence of <strong>soil</strong> <strong>organic</strong> <strong>matter</strong> on <strong>soil</strong> water• Calculating how much water can be stored• How important is this ‘extra’ water toagricultural production?- Relationship between <strong>organic</strong> <strong>matter</strong> and waterrepellence• What causes water repellence?CHAPTER 6 46Organic <strong>matter</strong> losses from <strong>soil</strong>- Direct losses• Soil erosion- Indirect losses• Climate• Soil disturbance• Management of <strong>organic</strong> residues- Fate of captured carbon in <strong>soil</strong>s
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