11 Basic Mammalian Anatomy II

Laboratory 11 Basic Mammalian Anatomy II(LM pages 141–156)Time Estimate for Entire Lab: 2.0 hoursNote: Laboratory 6, Basic Mammalian Anatomy I, contains exercises for the examination of fetal pig externalanatomy and dissections of the oral cavity and pharynx, the neck region, the thoracic cavity, and the abdominalcavity.Seventh Edition ChangesThis was lab 10 in the previous edition. The lab was reorganized, so that all topics pertaining to the malereproductive system are grouped together, and all topics pertaining to the female reproductive system aregrouped together.New or revised figures:: 11.1 Urinary system of the fetal pig; 11.3 Male urogenital system of the fetal pig;11.4 Photograph of the male urogenital system of the fetal pig; 11.7 Photograph of the female urogenital systemof the fetal pigNew table: Table 11.5 Comparison of Human Male and Female Reproductive SystemsMATERIALS AND PREPARATIONS 111.1–11.4 All Dissection Exercises (LM pages 143-152)_____ fetal pigs, preserved, for dissection (Carolina 22-8400, -8492)_____ dissecting pans, pins, tools, and trays (see Carolina’s “Apparatus: Dissecting” sections)_____ wax pencils_____ labels, for labeling individual pigs_____ plastic bags or containers for pig storage_____ string, heavy, for tying pigs into dissection pans and for tying bagsFetal pigs. Fetal pigs for dissection are available from many supply houses. Large, double-injected specimensare recommended.11.4 Anatomy of Testis and Ovary (LM page 151)_____ slide, prepared: testis, cross section (Carolina 31-6429 to 31-6446)_____ slide, prepared: ovary, cross section (Carolina 31-6024)_____ microscopes, compound light_____ lens paper11.5 Respiratory, Digestive, and Cardiovascular Systems (LM pages 153-155)_____ model, human heart (Carolina 56-6802 to -6806, -6810, -6812, -6821)_____ container, small, of waterEXERCISE QUESTIONS11.1 Urinary System (LM page 143)Observation: Urinary System in Pigs (LM page 143)6. Trace the path of urine. Urine travels from a kidney to a ureter, to the urinary bladder, to the urethra.1 Note: “Materials and Preparations” instructions are grouped by exercise. Some materials may be used in more than one exercise.

4711.2 Male Reproductive System (LM page 144)Penis, Urethra, and Accessory Glands (LM pages 145-147)6. Trace the path of sperm in the male. Sperm travel from the testis to the epididymis, to the vas deferens, tothe urethra, to the penis.Comparison of Male Fetal Pig and Human Male (LM page 147)Table 11.2 Location of Penis in Male Fetal Pig and Human MaleFetal PigHumanPenis Underneath the ventral skin surface, Hangs in frontposterior to the umbilical cordof scrotum11.3 Female Reproductive System (LM page 148)Comparison of Female Fetal Pig to Human Female (LM page 150)Table 11.4 Comparison 0f Female Fetal Pig to Human FemaleFetal PigHumanOviducts Each leads to horn Each leads to upperof the uterusportion of uterusUterus Two horns Fused, also called simplexUrogenital sinus Present None11.4 Anatomy of Testis and Ovary (LM page 151)Comparison of Reproductive Systems (LM page 152)Table 11.5 Comparison of Human Male and Female Reproductive SystemsMaleFemaleGonad Testes OvaryDuct from gonad Vas deferens OviductStructure which duct connects to gonad Urethra UterusCopulatory organ Penis Vagina11.5 Respiratory, Digestive, and Cardiovascular Systems (LM pages 153-155)Observation: Digestive System in Pigs (LM page 154)2. Does it (interior surface of stomach) appear smooth or rough? rough6. Measure and record in meters the length of the intestinal tract. about 8 meters7. Why would such a great length be valuable in the digestive process? to increase area for absorptionObservation: Cardiovascular System in Pigs (LM page 154)5. Compare the pig’s heart to a model of the human heart with the vessels attached. In what way dothe vessels differ? In the fetal pig heart, the arterial duct (ductus arteriosus) leads directly from the pulmonarytrunk to the aorta. This vessel is not present in the adult human heart.

48LABORATORY REVIEW 11 (LM page 156)1. Which organ in the urinary system carries urine to the bladder? ureter2. Which organ in the urinary system receives urine from the bladder? urethra3. What is the outermost portion of the kidney? renal cortex4. Where are the testes located in human males? in the scrotum5. What is the function of the vas deferens? carry sperm6. What is the function of the prostate gland? contributes secretions to semen7. Where are the ovaries located? pelvic region8. What is the functions of the uterus? houses developing fetus9. What is the function of the ovaries? production of eggs and sex hormones10. The vas deferens in males compares to which structure in females? oviduct11. Which type of mammal, a pig or a human, has uterine horns? pig12. What organ in males is analogous to the vagina? penis13. Where are sperm produced in the testes? seminiferous tubules14. What structure in the ovary contains the primary oocyte? primary follicle15. The lungs and heart are located in which body cavity? thoracic16. Name a circulatory pathway that goes from one capillary bed to another without passing throughthe heart. portal systemThought Questions17. On the basis of anatomy, explain why the urethra is part of both the urinary and reproductive systemsin males. The vasa deferentia enter the urethra and the urethra is used jointly in the male to carry urineor sperm.18. Explain the dual function of the vagina as the organ of sexual intercourse and the birth canal. Thevagina is the entrance and the exit of the female reproductive system. During sexual intercourse, the spermenter the vagina and travel to the oviduct where fertilization may occur. During the process of birth, the babyexits to the outside by way of the vagina.