Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicines

xxviii.t. intrathecal injectioniv intravenous injectionIZA Inhibition Zone Area (mm 2 )IZD Inhibition Zone Diameter (mm)J774.A1 murine monocyte/macrophage cell J774.A1JNK c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinaseKD 50LC 50Dose required to Knock down 50% of the population of insectsconcentration at which only 50% of the cell are viableLC 50 concentration of inhibiting luminous intensity 50%LCIC Lowest Complete Inhibition ConcentrationLD Lethal DoseLD 100LD 50LDHLDLL-NA100% Lethal Dosemedium Lethal Doselactate dehydrogenaseLow Density LipoproteinN ω -L-nitroarginineL-NMMA N G -monomethyl-L-arginineLOX LipoxygenaseLPO lipid peroxidationLPS lipopolysaccharideLTB 4 Leukotriene B 4LTC 4 Leukotriene C 4LTD 4 Leukotriene D 4MA maytenfolic acidMA maslinic acidMA minimal amountMABA Microplate Alamar Blue AssayMAC-1 integrin MAC-1MAO-A Monoamine oxidase AMAO-B Monoamine oxidase BMAPK Mitogen-Activated Protein KinaseMCC Minimum Cytocidal ConcentrationMCP Monocyte Chemotactic ProteinMCTHBE Minimum Concentration for Total Haemolysis of BovineErythrocytes (μg/mL)MDA Methylene Dihydroxy AmphetamineMDA MalondialdehydeMDR MultiDrug ResistanceMED Minimal Effective DoseMFC Minimal Fungicidal ConcentrationMIA Minimal Inhibitory Amounts (μg/disc)MIC Minimum Inhibitory ConcentrationMIC 80 Minimal Inhibitive Concentration for 80%MIC 90 Minimal Inhibitive Concentration for 90%min minuteMIP-1α/β macrophage inflammatory proteinMIQ Minimum inhibitory quantity (μg)MK-801 dizocipline maleate (a non-competitive antagonist of the NMDAreceptor)MLC Minimum Lethal ConcentrationMLD Minimum Lethal DoseMMDC Minimal Morphological Deformation ConcentrationMMOC Mouse Mammary Organ Culture modelMMP Matrix MetalloProteinasesMMP-2 Matrix MetalloProteinase-2mp melting pointmPGES microsomal ProstaGlandin E SynthaseMPP+ 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (neurotoxin)MRSA Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusMSSA Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureusMTC Minimal Toxic ConcentrationMTT A Cytotoxicity measurement method (tetrazolium-based colorimetricassay used for cytotoxicity bioassay, see Rubinstein L. V., et al., Nat.Cancer Inst., 82, 1113-1118, 1990)mus mousen number of parallel experimentsnAChR neuronal nicotinic AcetylCholine ReceptorNADH reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotideNADPH cytochrome C reductaseNCCLS A standard antibecterial activity test method (see Wayne P. A.,“National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards PerformanceStandards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests,”6th ed.,Approved standards M2-A6. NCCLS, 1997)NDGA Nordihydroguaiaretic acidNEP Neutral EndoPeptidaseNF Nuclear FactorNF-κB Nuclear Factor κBNFAT Nuclear Factor of Activated T cellNGF Nerve Growth FactorNMDA N-methyl-D-aspartateNO nitric oxidenon-orl paraoralNOR1 (+/-)-(E)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-6-methoxy-3-hexenamidNOS-2 Nitric oxide synthase type-2OCIF OsteoClastogenesis-Inhibitory Factororl oralOVA ovalbuminoxazolone oxazoloneOZ opsonized zymosanP450 Cytochrome P450PAF Platelet Activating FactorPAF Platelet Aggregation FactorPAI-1 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor type 1Para-3 (=PIV3) Parainfluenza type 3 virusPBMC hmn Peripheral Blood Mononuclear CellPCA reaction Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis reactionPD Parkinson’s DiseasePD a cytotoxic modelpD2 (=pEC 50 ) negative logarithm (−logM) of the concentration required toproduce 50% of the maximum response (EC 50 )PDE phosphodiesterasePDTC pyrrolidine dithiocarbamatePEBP2αA polyoma enhancer binding protein 2αApEC 50 negative logarithm (−logM) of the concentration required toproduce 50% of the maximum response (EC 50 )