chapter - ix - revenue and disaster management department, haryana

Many earn their livelihood from professions other than agricultureand industry, mostly from servicesand sales necessary to maintain a certainstandard and wayofliving. The growth ofthese occupations depends greatlyon economic development. These occupations, both in rural and urbanareas, constitute a significant part of the life of the district. These includemembers of the public and defence services and all those working in thefields of education, medicine, law, engineering and transport. In additionto these fullyorpartly organized services,there are many engaged inearninga livelihood onaself-employed basis. They often work inshops or in theirown houses; some go about hawking their goods or services. In addition,there areafewpeople whoareengaged indomestic servicesand work as cooksbearers, servants, gardeners and chowkidars.There has been a vast increase inthe number of jobs inthe public servicesunder the State and Central Governments, as alsoIn Local Bodies andquasi Government organizations after Independence. Before that as developmentwasofa loworder intheBhiwani district, the growth ofemploymentinthe public sector was insignificant. After theformation ofHaryana and thestart oftheperiod ofrapid development asizeablepart oftheworking populationwas able to get jobs in the public sector. The district of Bhiwanicame into existence on December 22, 1972. This was a further impetus.On March 31, 1973, the number of persons employed in public services inadministrative departments and officesoftheState and Central Governments,quasi Government organizations, and Local Bodies, was 8,568 (7,660menand 908 women). This number roseto 13,674(12,155menand 1,519women)byMarch 31, 1975,presenting an increase of 59.6per cent within two years.By March 31, 1977, the number rose to l4,39F (13,205 men and 1,186women), presenting an increase of67.6 per cent within four years. It isthus evident that the scope ofexpansion inpublic services during the period1975 to 1977 narrowed down considerably ascompared to the previous twoyears. Thewomen in Bhiwani do not seem interested in public services.1 Its break-up was as follows:- State Government 11,322; central gcv~m~ent 9;Quasi Government 2.356 and Local Bodies704.. .

Their number in 1977 came down to 1,186 from 1,519 in 1975, thusrecording adecrease ofabout 22per cent.The persons inthe employofGovernment aregivendearness allowancerelated broadly to the cost of living. Class IV employees are provided withliveries and chapals. Loans for the construction of houses under the LowIncome Group and Middle Income Group Housing Schemesand for the purchaseofvehicles are granted to State Government employees.In December 1970, Government decided onanex-gratia grant and otherfacilities forthe families oftheState Government emplOYeeswhodie whileinservice. The grant isequivalent to ten times the last monthly emolumentsdrawn by the deceased employee subject to a minimum of Rs. 5,000and amaximum ofRs. 15,000. Other facilities include free medical aid, free educationalfacilities upto the degree leveland Government employment to aqualifiedmember of the family besides house rent allowance, or the retention ofGovernment house ontheusualrent forayearafter the death oftheemployee.InMarch 1974, theState Government sanctioned anadvance toGovernmentservants (except class I officers) for the celebration of the marriagesof their children. The amount of this advance is 10 months payorRs.l,500 whichever ismore subjecttoaceilingofRs. ~,OOO. Suchanadvancebears interest atthe rate charged from timeto time onanadvance taken fromthe General Provident Fund Account.Some Government Officers are provided rent-free accommodation.This includes the Deputy Commissioner, allthe Sub Divisional Officers(Civil)and allthe Tahsildars and Naib Tahsildars inthe Bhiwani district. Essentialservices like the railways, police and medical and public health are usuallyprovided with rent-free residential accommodation. Another such category isjail execlltive staff.Since the number of Government owned houses is limited, generallyonly senior employees are allotted these houses against a deduction of 10percentoftheir pay. Other employeeswhohavenot beenprovided withGovernmentaccommodation are being givenhouse rent onthe basis ofthe populationofthe towns inthedistrict. The rate ofhouse rent admissible atBhiwani,which has been classified as a class II town, is7.5 per cent of thepay of aGovernment employee.Employees in public services are not restricted from formin~ associa,-tions or unions to safeguard recosnised service interest •

The Jats, Ahirs, Rajputs and Gujars inthe Bhiwani district contributeda large number of recruits to the different branches ofthe defence servicesduringthe two world wars. During World War II two Victoria Cross(the highest gallantry award in the British Empire) were awarded to Hav.Chhelu Ram (village Dinod) of Rajput Rifles and Subedar Richhpal Ram(village Barda) of 4th Rajputana Rifles.A large number of soldiersfromthe district fought in NEFA, Westernand Eastern areas whenthe Chinese invaded India in 1962and during Pakistanhostilities in 1948, 1965and 1971. The following defence personnel receivedgallantry awards for distinguished services :-Recipient Resident ofvillagej Award Remarkstahsil------Jammu andKashmir Operation, 1948Lt. Co!.Dharam BadesrajBawani Mahavir Chakra AliveSingh K.heraLt. Co!.Brijpal BaporajBhiwani VirChakra AliveSinghSM/Hony. Capt. FatehgarhjDadri Vir Chakra AliveJug LalRis/Hony. Capt. Neemli/Dadri VirChakra AliveJage RamSMjHony. Capt. Gudana/Dadri Vir Chakra AliveIshwar SinghHav. Sardar Singh Achina/Dadri VirChakra PosthumousLjHav. Mehtab Deosar/Bhiwani VirCahkra AliveSinghNaik SispalSingh BamlajBhiwani VirChakra PosthumousLjNk. Chuni Singh Tigrana/Bhiwani VirChakra AliveChineseAggression, 1962Sub.Nihal Singh SuijBawani Khera VirChakra Posthumous

260 BH!WAN! D!STRICT GAZBTTEERReceipient Resident of villagej Award Remarkstahsil---- -- ---Pakistani Aggression, 1965Rifleman Mathan BaporajBhiwani VirChakra PosthumousSinghChineseBorderAction, 1967Hav. Lakhmi DhananajBa wani VirChakra PosthumousChand KheraPakistani Aggression, 1971Major Sher Singh JhumpajLoharu Vir Chakra AliveNaik Jai Lal GaranpurajBhiwani Sena Medal DoSub. Lt. R.P. TigranajBhiwani Nav Sena Medal DoSinghSqn. Leader A.N. Krishna Colony Vayu Sena Medal DoMehtani BhiwaniHav. KhazanSinghKheri BurajDadri Vir Chakra.DoHav. Daya Nand ChandenijDadri Vir Chakra PosthumousRamMajor Balbir Singh Pantawas Khurdj Vir Chakra AliveDadriMajor Jai Bhagwan AchinajDadri VirChakra DoSinghNaib Risaldar Hawa NangaljBhiwani Sena Medal DoSinghHav. Jai Lal BadharajDadri Sena Medal DoHav. Ram Chander JawajDadri Sena Medal DoNaib Subedar ChandenijDadri Mention-in-Des- AliveChhotu Ram patchesLjNaik Ved BadesrajBawani Mention-in- AliveParkash Khera Despatches

Resident ofvillage/TahsilNaik RameshwarDayalALD Jaipal SinghMention-in-DespatchesMention-in-DespatchesSubedar DharamPalHav. Amar SinghBajina/BhiwaniVir ChakraAlive~Naik Dmed Singh(B.S.F.)Dalawas/DadriVir ChakraPosthumousTwo hundred and twenty five persons of the district belonging to thearmed forces were reported killed or wounded during the Pakistan Aggressionof December 1971. The details are :-TahsilKilledBhiwani 29Bawani Khera 7Loharu 7Dadri 46----Total: 8990136136225Most ofthe ex-servicemen belong to agriculturist families. The villageswhich have maximum number of ex-servicemen are :-Tahsil Place Number ofVillage/Townex-servicemen1 2 3---------Bhiwani Bapora 212TigraBa 352Dinod 163

261 BitIWANi DISTRICTGAzintilEi.1 2 3Bamla 167Biran 117Baganwala 63Prem Nagar 145Devsar 151Kairu : 91Dhani Mahu 107Jui~ 66Lehgan 90Mitathal 101Bhiwani 217Manheru 119Miran 108Sandwa 122Dadri Achina 237Baund Kalan 179Chhapar 116Chirya 141Chandeni 141Charkhi Dadri 111Imlota 102Jhojhu Kalan 214

2 l3263Kakrauli Hukmi 107Makrana 94Misri 118Rawaldhi 90Ranila 231Sanwar 144Samashpur 127Dhani-Phogat 109Barwas 76Bisalwas 29Chahar Kalan 54Chahar Khurd 38Gagarwas 31Gothra 45Gopalwas 38Hariawas 52Baliali 10Barsi 14Bawani Khera 191Dhanana 222Kanwari122JSeveralconcessions, have been granted by the State Government toAqned Forces Fer§onnel and their famtI!~s,belonging to Haryana who may.,

e killed/disabled/missing during various operations in or outside India :-(A) Ex-gratiaGrantsOfficers Junior OtherCommissioned RanksOfficers(a) Personnel reported killed/disabledwith 50per cent disability or above 7,500 4,500 4,000(b) Personnel with disability between20per cent and 50per cent(c) Personnel taken asprisoner ofwarbyenemy~A lump sum of Rs. 500 and afurther sum of Rs. 60 per minor/dependent childA lump sum of Rs. 500 and afurther sum of Rs. 60 per minor;dependent childA sum ofRs. 1,03,150 wasdistributed as ex-gratia grant to the armedforces personnel and their families in the district during the period January18, 1974 to March 31,1977.In addition to the ex-gratfa grants mentioned above, the families/personnel concerned are given monthly pensions, as foIIows,for a period ofsixmonths from the date of occurrence of the casualty :-Officers Junior OtherCommissioned RanksOfficers(Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.)(a) Personnel reported killed/disabledwith 50per cent disability or above 250 150 100(b) Personnel with disability between20per cent and 50per cent 200 125 75

(C) Educational Grants(1)The children of the aJove mentioned categories of personnelare entitled to free education and no feesarecharged from themin schools and colleges including professional institutions.(II) For the education of children/dependents monthly grants at thefollowing scale are given per child/dependent 1(i) At theprimary stage 15(ii) At the Secondary stage 35(iii) At college (Arts & Science) stage, J.B.T. class andstenography in ITI/Polytechnic Institute. Also tomotor mechanic trainees with qualification belowmatric 75(iv) Motor Mechanic trainees from ITI/PolytechnicInstitute whose minimum academic qualification ismatric 100(v) In the case of technical and professional education 125(vi) For higher education abroad 350(vii) The children ofdeceased armed forces personnel already studyinginpublic schools or getting admission to such schools after thedeath oftheir father inactionIncome ofwidow;guardianpermensemUp toRs. 600From Rs. 601toRs.800From Rs. 801toRs. 1,000From Rs. 1,001toRs. 1,200Amount ofeducationallowanceper mensem(Rs.)2,4001,8001. Theexpenditure incurred inthis behalf ismet bythe Chief Secretary toGQvemment,Haryana (in the Defence Branch). The I;>eputyGommissioners are, 4ow~ver,t40Drawin~ a~d Disbursing Officers.

Thesegrants are allowedinaddition towhatever other helpthechildren!dependents may be entitled to in respect of free education, scholarship orother financial assistance especially sanctioned by the Government or aninstitution. 1However, educational concessions are not admissible in casesin whichthese are already being given by the Government of India. These are asfollows :-(i) Complete exemption from tuition and other fees (includingcharges leviedfor theschoolbusmaintained byschooland actualfarespaid for the railwayspass for students or busfa.re ascertifiedby the Head of Institution concerned.)(ii) Grants to meet hostel charges in full for those studying inboarding schools and colleges(iii) Full cost ofuniform where this iscompulsory(iv) Full cost of books and .stationery(III) No tuition feeischarged inclassesVItoXI(includingJ.B.T. Classesfrom the children of serving Armed Forces personnel or Exservicemenupto and below the rank of non-commissioned officersand Junior Commissioned Officersdrawing pension up to Rs. 100or who do not possess land more than 5ac~es(2.02 hectares).CD) RewardstotheWinner orGallantry DecoratiensThe State Government also givescash rewards and annuity, as shownbelow, to winners of gallantry awards, viz. Param Vir Chakra, Maha VirChakra and Vir Chakra, as under(a) Cash: Rs. 15,000(b) Annuity: Rs. 750for 30yearsThe annuity isgiven for the life of theserviceman or for the life of his wife/widow (if the decoration is earnedposthumously or if the recipient diesbefore hiswife)orfor 30years,whicheverisshorter.1. From January 1971.theabove concessions have also been extended tothe personnelofthe Border Security For••e.Territorial Army anq tqe liOllW Guards Or~aqization belOl~~to aaryaqa.

(a) Cash :Rs. 11,000(b) A::inuity :Rs. 400for 30 yearsThe annuity isgivenfor the life of theserviceman or for the life of his wife/widow (if the decoration is earnedposthumously or if the recipient diesbefore his Wife) or for 30years, whicheveris shorter. ._--(a) Cash : Rs. 4,500(b) Annuity: Rs. 300for 30 yearsThe annuity isgiven for the life of theserviceman or for the life of his wife/widow (if the decoration is earnedposthumously or if the recipient diesbefore his wife)or for 30years, whicheveris shorter.To the winners ofthese awards infuture, the Haryana Government hasdecided to give cash rewards of Rs. 22,500, Rs. 15,000and Rs. 7,000 andannuity ofRs. 1,000, Rs. 400and Rs. 300respectively.The winners of Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Shaurya Chakra andSena/Vayu Sena/Nav Sena Medal are given cash reward of Rs. 12,000; Rs.5,000; Rs. 3,500and Rs. 3,000respectively without any annuity. It has alsobeen decided to givein future, a cash reward of Rs. 2,000to the recipient ofMention-in-Despatches without any annuity.The awardees ofParam VirChakra and Maha VirChakra (Posthumous)of Chinese Aggression 1962,Indo-Pak conflicts of 1965 and 1971 are givenmonetary grants ofRs. 22,500 whereas winners ofMaha VirChakra aregivenRs. 15,000 for thepurchase of agricllltural land or urban property. Infuture,the recipients ofParam Vir Chakra and Maha Vir Chakra willbegivenmonetatS'grantat the rate ofRs. 1,00,000and Rs. 50,000respectively.These rewards/annuities are giventothe members ofthe Armed Forcesof all ranks belonging to Haryana. 1 These benefits are in addition to other1. The personnel ofthe Border Security Force, Territorial Army and theHome Guardswho mlY be awarded such gallantry" decorations have also been made entitled to similar cashrewards-and annuity.

ex-gratia grants that may beadmissible otherwise. In caseofmore than onegallantary decoration, the awardee isentitled to full cash rewards for eachdecoration separately. In the case of posthumous decoration, the rewards/annuities are given as under :(i) Fifty per cent is given to the widow/dependent children withimmediate effect.(ii) Fifty per cent is given to the parents provided they were dependentonthe recipient ofthe decoration. Otherwise this portion of the reward/annuity is given to the widow/dependentchildren.(iii) Where widow/dependent children and dependent parents donot exist,the payment ofcash rewards and annuity ismade tothe dependent brother(s) and sister(s)provided theywereresidingwith the deceased personnel during his lifetime and in the caseof females, annuity isto be paid till her/their marriage.(iv) Where the deceased personnel is survived by his dependentparents only, then parents are given 100 per cent of suchgrant,etc.Five per centvacanciesinClassIand II posts and 28per cent of vacanciesin Class III and IV posts have been reserved for ex-servicemen. Thisreservation is utilized in the following order :-1. (a) Disabled ex-servicemen l with disability between 20per cent to50 per cent.(b) Up to two dependents (this includes wife/widow/dependent sons/daughters) of killed/disabled ex-servicemen with disability 50'per cent and above.(c) Other ex-servicemen.2. Relaxation ineducational qualifications and age are alsoallowedtoex-servicemen for their re-employment in civil positions.These concessionsarealsoallowedtoex-servicemen bythesemi-Governmentorganizations, public sector undertakings and local bodies.1. The expression 'disabled ex-servicemen' means ex-servicemen who while servinginthe armed forces, were disabled in operations against the enemy or indisturbed areas.

(a) Reservation of 15per cent of the plots in the Industrial Area/Industrial Development Colonies for the establishment ofindustries.(b) Allotment ofresidential and commercial plots to the war widowsand disabled soldiers at the reserved price. Payment isreceivedin instalments with a nominal interest of 2per cent.(c) State Government has given additional pension from Defenceand Security ReliefFund to the widowsand children (upto threechildren) of servicemen dying in service without being battlecasualties, disabled exservicemen whose disability isattributableto serviceand their children at the following rates from March1, 1975 .-Rs. 50per month up to 20years(ii) Junior CommissionedOfficer'schild(iii) Other rank's child(iv) Childlesswidow(v) Childlessdisabledex-servicemenRs. 40 per month up to 20 yearsRs. 30per month up to 20yearsRs. 30per month up to re-marriage or tilllifeRs. 30 per monthUp to March 31, 1977,Rs. 79,278was distributed to 58families of theBhiwani district.Two funds, (1) Post War Services Reconstruction Fund, and (2)Special Fund for Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of Ex-servicemenhave been created bythe Government ofIndia for the v,.elfare of ex-servicemenand their dependents.Post War Serv;ces Reconstruction Fund.-This fund was raised duringWorld War II for the benefit ofex-servicemen of and below the rankof non-commissioned officersand their dependents. The money from whichthe fund had been built wasto beused for the collectivebenefitofthose whohad served in the ranks or as non-combatants in the Defence Services duringWorld War II or thereafter. The purposes for which the fund is beingutilized(a) Grant of stipends to the sons/wards of beneficiary ex-servicemen

(e) to grant loans to individual ex-servicemen for starting industrieior business undertakings; andJ271(f) to do all other things to promote measures for the benefit ofexservicemenand their dependents.The income from the fund isbeing mainly utilisedfor grant ofstipendsto ex-servicemen/their dependents and grant ofloans to ex-servicemenfor theirrehabilitation. Ever sincethe operation of the fund in the State, an attempthas been made to make clear cut demarcation in regard to the benefits to begiven to ex-servicemen/their dependents from the Special Fund/Post WarServices Reconstruction Fund in order to avoid over-lapping and duplication.Loans are being granted from the Special Fund only. Stipends to ex-servicemen/their dependents eligibleunder the Special Fund Scheme are also beinggiven from the Special Fund. Dependents with academic qualification ofMatric/Higher Secondary for technical, vocational or agricultural educationare granted stipends from the Special Fund whereas under matric dependentsstudying in the I.T.I.s and for general education are given stipends from thePost War ServicesReconstruction Fund.EDUCATIONALPERSONNELwasDuring 1976-77,the number of school teachers in the Bhiwani districtMale Female Total 'b'i---- ----Trained Un- Trained Un- Trained Un- ~trained trained trained:--- ---High/Higher/MultipurposePost BasicSchools 1,700 22 350 3 2,050 25Middle/Senior BasicSchools 518 134 2 652 2PrimaryIJuniorBasicSchools 913 241 1,154Total: 3,131 22 725 5 3,856 27Teachers in high/higher secondary schools Were 53.4 per cent of the.total number of teachers, whereas inmiddle/senior basic shools and primaryljunior basic schools the percentage was 16.8 and 29.7 respectively. AccordjD~to qualifications, 26.6 per cent of t!l9 teachers were graduates, 73.4 per

cent either matriculates or under matriculates or under graduates. The numberof untrained teachers was ne;;ligible. The qualification details are :Males Females Total PercentagetototalDegreeInter/Matric/N on-matriculates912 120 1,032 26.62,241 610 2,851 73.43,153 730 3,883 100.0Women teachers comprised 18.8 per cent ofthe total number. Socialconditions do not encourage unmarried girlsparticularly to go for work invillage schools. Even male teachers tend to reside in nearby urban areasbecause ofthe scarcity of suitable residential accommodation and other facilitiesin the villages. In these circumstances, teachers living away from theirplace ofwork cannot make afullimpact on the lifeofthe villagecommunity.The pay scalesof teachers inprivate institutions are the sameas oftheteachers in government institutions. The scales ofpay of teaching personnelin the privately managed institutions were revised

(I) PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT(a) Public Health1. Public Health Circle, Bhiwani2. Public Health Division No.1, Bhiwani3. Public Health Division No. II, Bhiwani(b) Buildings and Roads2. Bhiwani Irrigation Division, Bhiwani3. Hisar Division, W.J.c., Hisar4. Western Yamuna (Jumna) Canal West Circle, Rohtak5. Hisar Bhakta Canal Circle, Hisar6. Jui Canal Division, Bhiwani1. Theirrigation circles/divisions donot coincide with the boundaries ofcivildistrictbut are determined by th~ irrigation channels which these administer. The list, therefore.incIud.esalltheoffices ofIrrigation Department concerned with the Bhiwani distri~t. althou~som~ 0f th~m are locat~d outside the district.

1. Haryana State Electricity Board Operation Division, Bhiwani2. Haryana State Electricity Board Construction Division,Bhiwani3. Haryana State Electricity Board Operation Division, CharkhiDadriA few persons also work as contractors, architects and surveyors.Some engineers have been employed by the textile industry. Thedistrict has the unique distinction of having the only Technological Instituteof Textiles in the State located at Bhiwani, which imparts training in tex.tileengineering.TRANSPORTTransport requires the services of people working on railways, buses,motor vehicles,tempos, rickshaws, tongas, bullock carts and camel carts. In1961,1,814persons were employed inallthese transport activities. The numberrose to 2,463in 1971. In March 1977,the number rose to 3,274.After the Partition, the rickshaw appeared on the scene. Most ofthe men engaged in pulling rickshaws get these on hire and pay Rs. 2toRs. 3a day to the owners. Their economic condition is not satisfactorysince on an average they earn onlyRs. 200to Rs. 300per mensem. Risingprices have affected adversely this section of the people. Banking agencieshave financed some rickshaw pullers in purchasing rickshaws.Asfor tongas, their number is few in this district. The demand isno longer brisk inth~ urban areas ofthe district duetothe ready availabilityof rickshaws atcomparitively lower rates; the costand maintenance ofa rickshawismuch smaller; the rickshaw also takes the passenger to his residenceevenin narrow lanes. Tongas are used for longer distances into thecountry-side. The use of passenger tempos has gained popularity in recentyears again at the cost of the tonga.The economic and social status of Government transport employeesismuch better than that of rickshaw pullers and tonga drivers. There havebeen remarkable changes in transport activities after the formation of thenew district of Bhiwani. The number of buses and routes have increased..'(his has adversely affected the number as wellas income of tempo owners..-At present the number of three-wheeled tempos carrying passengers is only

70in the district. Before the reorganization of the district this number washigher. Thenumber of four wheeledtempos, whichcarrygoods from oneplaceto another, isabout 75inthedistrict. Thistype of vehicleiscalledMatador.It has been gaining much popularity ingoods transport. These metadors aremostly financed by the banks.Transport workers, Drivers, Conductors, Cleaners, etc., are employedboth in the public and private sectors.Barbers.-Their number in March 1977 was2,750 inthe district. Thisalso included hair dressers and related workers. In urban areas the oldpractice ofa family barber isalmost extinct. People pay barbers for serviceat home or goto a hair cutting saloon. Hair cutting charges varyfrom Re. 1toRs. 1.25 and shaving chargesfrom 30to40 paise. The barbers inBhiwanitown havetheir ownunion which enjoins upon itsmembers tofollow certainrules and regulations in economic and social ;matters.In villages, however, the old practice of a fa~ily barber is in vogu:.H; can still b~ s~n at social ceremonies and otht:rwise. He attends hisyajmans (patrons) at their residence and gets remuneration in kind at harvestingtime.The wifeofthe barber callednain does some sort ofhair cleaningandhair dressing for women invillagesand her presence on certain socialand religious ceremoniesis necessary. In old timesthe nai (barber) used tobe a messenger from the bride's family to the bridegroom's family and viceversa. He played a veryimportant role inthe arrangement ofmarriages, andthe barber's wife (nain) usedto accompany the bride after the marriage to herin-laws. This pratice has since fallen into diSUse.Washermen.-In March 1977, their number was 274 (218 men and 56women). It included dhobis, launderers, drycleaners and pressers. Washermenmostly servetheurban areas; thevillagersdotheir own washing. Washermencollectclothes fromthe residenceoftheir customers and generally charge30'paiseper article ofclothing. However, the chargesfor a bed-sheet, khes;carpet are almost double orthree timesthisrate. The launderers run regularshops and do not undertake home delivery. They charge higher rates thanthe dhobis. Their quick and efficientservice ensures good customers. Thelaundry owners either USewashing machines oremploy dhobis for washing and

JBIDW ANI DISTRICT GAZllT'tEERadditional persons for ironing. 'The laundry business has affectedthe commondhobi who often prefers employment with a launderer. They switchover to dry cleaning in winter. Dry cleaning has no doubt b~come a profitablebusinessasthere are asmany as 137 persons engagedinthis business.An automatic st~am pressing plant setup byJug Mug Dry Cleaners, SaraiChopta, Bhiwani, isthe latest addition to this trad~. The drycleanerschargeaccording to a scheduk of rat~s,shown below,fixed bytheDistrict BhiwaniDry Cleaners Association, BhiwaniRate per piece(March 31,1977)(Rs.)Gents Suit(woollen)Gents Coats (woollen)Gents Pants (woollen)Shawl,Jersey,Jacket Shirt, Baby Coat (wooll~n)Blank~t(woollen)Ches~r (woollen)LadiesSuit (woollen)5.003.002.002.005.006.003.002.503.001.50Mumsf l(woollen)Achkan (w

complete change in the urban areas and the people increasingly wear moderntypes of clothing, once considered we

Their number on March 31, 1977,in the Bhiwanidistrict was only335,of whom 105werewomen. With increasing development, the districthasmore servantsin evidencenow.A domestic servantispaid betweenRs.50andRs.80per monthplusboard and lodging. At marriages,or otherimportant festivalsorceremonies,theyare paid both incashand kind. The Indian situtationand atmospheredonot usuallyfavourspecialisedjobs. A single domestic servantengagedinahouseholdmayberequiredtopurchaseeatablesinthe market,cookfoodathome,cleantheuseddishesand plates,scrubutensils,sweepthehouse, makethe bedsandinfactdoanythingelseatthe biddingofthemaster. Somewomenalso workaspart-timedomestic servantsinanumberofhousesfor cleaningutensils,sweepingand helpingthehouse-wivesintheir dailychores. Suchapart-time domestic workergets about Rs. 15to20 permonth.In urban areas,theuppermiddleclassandmore well-to-dopeopleoftenemploydomestic servants. Ifboththe partnersareinservice,adomesticservantisemployedtolookaftertheirhouseandchildren. Inruralareas,hardlyanyfamilyemploys a servantfordomesticwork. Most ruralwomenattendto their domesticwork themselves. The halis besidesattending to agriculturaloperations,do domestic choresfor their masterS'. Thesepersons, whoare generallylandless labourersarepaid at fixed proportion of the harvest(about 1/5thofthe total harvest).SELF-EMPLOYED PERSONSThe canvasfor work of self-employed personsiswide. It includesjulahas (weavers), mochis (cobblers), sweepers, thatheras (utensil makers),shoe makers,potters, bullock-cartdrivers,hand-cart pullers,hawkers,pvndas(priests)a:ndallpersonswhoworkfortheirlivingbyprovidingtheirindividualservicesorgoodsondemand. Thereareshopsofallkinds, halwai shops,panbidi shops,shops manufacturingor/and sellingaeratedwater/softdrinks,shopsdealing in grocery,vegetablesand fruit shops. Bakeriesselltheir productsdirectly or through agents. Goldsmithsmanufacture gold and silverornaments.Shops dealingingeneral merchandise,oilmen's storesand consumergoods and novelitiesalso cater to varying needs. Changingconcepts andcircumstances make scope for new occupations. Take for example,thepublic eatinghouses. The growing habit of eating outside has ledtotheestablishment ofa largenumberof tea stalls, snack bars and dhabas.Like-wise,a desiretowear standardisedclothes hasprompted theopeningof

shops dealing in ready-made garments. There are 25 shops of ready-madegarments in the district. The incrp3.singuse of bicycles, auto-cycles, cyclerickshaws,scooters and motor-cars has been responsible for attracting peopleto take to the business of cycle and auto-repairing. Bicycle repairers arefound in every nook and corner of the district. Businessisusually brisk forthem all the year round. Automobile repairers are confinedalmost entirelyto urban areas. There are 60suchshops in the district.The time oldjulahas tweavers), mochis (cobblers), potters and sweepersare spread throughout the district and serve both the rural and urban com.munity. Most ofthem in rural areas help familiesintheir agricultural acti·vities and perform their customary professional services on the occasion ofmarriages and other ceremonies. The mochi (cobbler) with equipment hang.ing bythe shoulder in abox, may usually beseenhawking for his servicesInthe streets. Cobblers usually attend tothe repair mending and recondition·ingof shoes. Others who make new shoeshave their own shops. Thereisa shoe-making factory ofHaryana Footwear Corporation making all typesofshoes, sandals and c1zappalsfor women ~.ndmen. The potters make ordinaryvesselsmostlyfor the useof villagers. The earthen pitchers and surahis,because oftheir property to cool water, are sold inlargenumber during thesumliler season both inthe urban and rural areas. The sweepersengagedincleaning hous-;:sinurban areas, geta fewrupees per month inaddition to oneor two chapatis daily or weeklyand occasionally small giftsin cash or kind,on festivals and ceremonial occasions. In recent years, owing to better employmentfacilities and privileges, some sweepers have been shifting over toservices in Government officesand private organizations.Th.ltheras (utensil makers) and lohars (blacksmiths) of Bhiwani andLoharu are reputed for their brass utensils and iron containers. The tokni(brasscouldron) of Bhiwani isa popular utensil of the area.The hand-cart p~dlars and hawkers go about the towns and villageshawking their goods. The goods whichthey sell include among other articlesof daily use, vegetables, fruit, eatables, general merchandize, crockery, clothand toys.A typicalclassof Hindu priests (pandas and purohits) isfound scatteredall over the district. They perform the customary religious practices, forthe families to whIch they are traditionally attached and make living onthis. DExcept )n very)mall :villages, a tea-stall .ofsome kind has made its

appearance. The smaller ones,managed bya singleperson ana servingonlytea, are generally shabby. The bigger ones,which also serve other hot andcold beweragesand some edibles,are more presentable inappearance and aremanaged by more than one person.In towns and big villages there areshops dealing ingeneral merchandise.The goods onsale comprise toilet articles(combs,hair brushes, mirrors,etc.), soaps, oils, tooth-pastes, tooth-brushes, shoe polishes, hosiery articles,readymade garments and sundries of daily use. They have a flourishingbusiness. With the riseinthe standard ofliving,there isan increasing demandfor consumer goods and in fact new shops keep cropping up.Every town and bigvillageofthe district hasanumber of halwai shops.In the old days their familiar sweetmeat preparations were laddus and julebisThe development ofcommunications, and anincreasing contact with the otherparts of the country, have introduced some new sweetmeat preparations likegulab jamans, rasgullas, barti and various kinds of halwas. In urban areas,sweetmeats prepared from milk are more popular. These shops are oftenone-man units but several do employ two or three or even more personsaccording to requirements. This business provides employment throughoutthe year..Pan-bidi stalls in urban areas are tiny booths which are a familiarsight throughout the district. These one-man units intowns, which usuallysell cigarettees, alsoserveaschopals invillages. Theybecome social centresforpeople whostop tolisten toradio broadcasts and recorded filmmusic andtalk about current events.In the lastfewyearsbottled softdrinks havebecome popular and it isfashionable to drink these with a straw put into the bottle. Such drinksare imported from Delhi. In fact soft drinks are freely offeredat all bigfunctions' and marriage celebrations. A few small local units at BhiwanijCharkhi Dadri also prepare aerated drinks for local consumption.A number of grocershopsaretobe found in every locality. Althoughthese are one-man establishments, generally ahelper is also engaged. Everytown has a number of shops sellingvegetables and fruit. Enterprising personswithsmall capital carry vegetablesand fruit ontheir rehariS (hand carts)and sell thesetocustomers at their doors.Itisnot unusual tocome acrossa bakery evenina small town. Thesehave gained popularity owingt9 the demand for their ready-made products.

Such establishments are mostly one-man units. The proprietor may engageoneortwopersons for preparing products asbread, cakes, biscuits, pasteries,etc. The bakery units selltheir products in wholesale as wellas in retail.Usuallythe grocerand hawkersbuythese products wholesale and retail theseto their customers along with other articles.The ordinary goldsmith cannot afford to purchase or stock preciousmetals like gold and silver. These precious metals are, therefore, suppliedbythe customer whoplacesorders for ornaments. However, richer goldsmithshave their own stock and they prepare ornaments even without taking themetal in advance from customers. This business gets a boost when themarriages are about.

The livingpattern ofthe people must depend ontheir occupational setup,following from the stage of socio-economic development and resourcemobilization/exploitation, inIndian circumstances particularly, on the advance_of agriculture and the state of industry.The economy and life pattern of the people of the district are predominantlyagro based. More than 86per cent ofthe population lives intherural areas,whichii'>higher than the percentage forthe State(82.3 percent).Of the 27.20 per cent of its active population engaged ingainful economicpursuits, agriculture and allied activities account for 20.3 per cent.Of the total population of 7,61,953 persons in the Bhiwani district,according to the 1971Census,2,07,235 were engaged in some kind of economicactivity. The number of non-workers was 5,54,718. The ratio ofworkers to non-workers was27.20 :72.80,as against"thecorresponding ratioof26.44 :73.56 for the entire State. The district ranked fourth as regardsthe labour participation rate.Onthe basisofeconomic activities pursued, theworking population inthe district has been classifiedinto nine categories as shown below :

Industrial Category Number of workersUrban Rural Total Percentageto totalMa'le Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total workers~1. Ascultivators 2,299 142 2,441 1,11,250 10,888 1,22,138 1,13,549 11,030 1,24,579 60.112. As Agriculturallabourers 801 46 847 19,812 3,334 23.146 20,613 3,380 23,993 11.583. In mining quarryinglive stock, forestry,fishing, hunting,plantation, orchardsand allied activities 374 13 387 4,642 1,009 5,651 5,016 1,022 6,038 2.914. Athousehold industry 300 28 328 4.143 248 4,391 4,443 276 4,719 2.285. In manufacturing otherthan household industry 9,067 154 9,221 3,050 186 3,236 12,117 340 12,457 6.016. In construction 1,031 31 1,062 1,677 152 1,829 2,708 183 2,891 1.40 .7. In trade and commerce 5,974 31 6,035 3,358 49 3,407 9,332 80 9,412 4.54 tl:t8. In transport, storageand communication 1,458 14 1,472 • 987 4 991 2,445 18 2,463 1.199. In other services 4,907 495 5,402 14,785 496 15,281 19,692 991 20,683 9.98 EtI>=~~Total: 26,211 954 27.165 1,63,704 16,366 1,80,070 1,89,915 17,320 2,07,235 100 20(96.5%) (3.5%) (100%) (90.9%) (9.1 %) (100%) (91.6%) (8.4%) (100%) ~~ IItt~

In the working population, males(91.6 per cent) predominate overthe females(8.4per cent). However,the femaleworkers' participation· (9.1percent)is muchhigher intheruralareasthanthe femaleworkers' participation(3.5percent)inthe urbanareas. As against65.29percentinthe wholeofthe State,71.69 percentofthe working populationinthe district isengagedinagricultural pursuits. The main concentration ofsuchworkersisin therural areasandtheir numberintheurbanareasisnegligible. All the remainingcategoriesofworkers account for 28.31per cent only. After agriculture,other pursuits like mining,quarrying,livestock,forestry,fishing,hunting,plantation, orchards and alliedactivitiesengage the rural population.Household industrial workers arespreadalmostcent per centin the ruralareas.In urbanareasthe workingpopulation is primarily engagedin manufacturing(otherthanhouseholdindustry),tradeand commerce.Theremainingcategoriesinwhichthe urban workersare generallyfound are construction,transport andother services. Outofthe totalworking population in thedistrict,theurbanworkersaccountfor 13.11percentasagainst86.89per centinthe rural areas.Itis evidentfromthesestatistics that agriculturalpursuits preponderateinthe rural areaswherecultivation ofland isthe primeeconomic activity.Thusthe pressureofpopulation onlandisproportionately high. Asindustrialactivityhasnot caughtupina bigway, thereisstillnosignificantchangeinthelivelihoodpatternofthe people.Therewasconsiderable underdevelopmentinagricultureas wellastheindustrialsectorofthe economy. The first needofthisareawastoincreaseirrigation facilitiesas agriculture was hitherto dependent on rainfall. Thefive-year plans marked an important stage towards self-relianceand selfsustaininggrowth. The agriculture sector wasgivenpreference. Extensionofirrigation facilitiesto the chronicallydrought affectedareas ofthedistrictreceived specialattention afterthe formation ofHaryana .1As farasthe industrialsectorisconcerned,therewereonlya fewneedbased industriesinthedistrict inthe beginningofthepresentcentury. Saltpetre,kankaror argillaceouslimestone,turnery,threadmaking (sut), oilpressing,potterywork and a distillerywereinexistenceinthe Dadri tahsil. InLoharu, makingofcoarsecloth, rough blankets ofcamels' hairand embroideryworkof woollen chadars were quitepopular. Extraction ofshora, brass

and bellmetal work and embroidery work were common intheBhiwanitahsil.Besides,four spinning and weavingmills werealso in existencein Bhiwani in1940.At the time India achieved independence in 1947, Dadri was famousfor stonecarving, Loharu for the manufacture oflocks, banglesand iron pans,and there were three large-scaleindustrial units,i.e. twotextilemillsatBhiwaniand one cement factory at Charkhi Dadri. The Muslim artisans left thiscountry consequent upon Partition and the industrial art of stone carving andbangle makini5received a serious set-back.While the livelihood pattern remains agro-based, a diversification ofpursuits is visible,though at a slowpace. After the formation of the neWState of Haryana, the infrastructure for the development of industries in thisareahasbeencreated. Variousincentiveshavebeengiventothepromising entrepreneursto establish newindustrial units. The result isthat large industrialactivity isnow possible and a number of newunits arefast coming up. Nowthe Bhiwani district enjoys a dominating position in the textile and stonecrushing industries. During November 1, 1966 to March 31, 1977, the numberof small-scale units increased from 118 to 518 and the number of largescaleunits increased from 4 to 8.Changes are visibleinthe entire structure ofthe economy and in thenear future the livelihood pattern of the working people is likely to undergorapid diversitywith the result that thepressure ofpopulation on land m"ywelldecre~se.The economy ofHaryana is predominantly agricultural, with 82.3percent of the population (according to 1971 census) living in rural areas. Aleveloffull employment canbeachievedonlyafter atotal greenrevolution anda complete net-work ofindustrial structure, whichinturn willenablethe diversionof surplus labour force from agriculture to industry. In the Bhiwanidistrict, the rural population ismore than 86per cent of the total population.Out ofthe total population of7,61,953, only 2,07,235 (27.20 per cent) formedthe work force, ofwhich 1,48,572 (19.5 per cent)wereengagedinthe conventionalsector and the remaining 58,663 (7.7 per cent) were engaged in otherpursuits. In the absence of data regarding unemployment, the assessment ofemployment situation canonly begathered from the working of employmentexchanges in the district.Employment Exchanges.-The State Directorate of Employment runs

employment exchanges inthedistricts, which register the names and qualificationsof unemployed persons seeking work.A Sub-Employment Exchange was established at Bhiwani on November8, 1960. It was upgraded to the levelof a District Employment ExchangeinJuly1969. InDecember 1971,oneRural Manpower Unit wasopenedat Tosham under the Bhiwani Exchange. With the formation ofBhiwanias a separate district, two more offices,Sub Office Employment Exchange,Charkhi Dadri and Rural Manpower Unit, Badhara under the Bhiwani Exchangewere started inFebruary 1961and January 1972respectively. TheSubOfficeat Charkhi Dadri was raised to the status of Town Employment ExchangeonJuly4,1974andthe Rural Manpower Unit was shiftedtoLoharu inJune 1975. Thus the total number of employment exchanges in the district isfour.The Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies)Act, 1952,came into force inJune 1960. It prescribes a statutory obligationon the part of all establishments inpublic as wellas in the private sector tonotify all vacancies. In the private sector, provisions.of the Act apply onlyto those establishments which employ more than 25 or more persons. Thefollowing table shows working ofthe Employment Exchanges inthe Bhiwallidistrict dUrin~ 19G9-76 ;-.YearEm- Regis- Vacan- Appli- AppU- Mohthly Vacan~ploy- trations cies cants cants on number ciesmentex-during notified placed thelive ofem" carriedchanges theyear in register ployers overatat the employ- using the endend of ment the ex- ofthethe during change yearyear theyearDecember 1969 1 4,871 5,213 1,334 1,481 10December' 1970 1 6,075 7,208 1,604 6,072 12December 1971 2 6,623 7,636 1,752 5,754 19December 1972 2 7,815 6,057 1,736 6,389 21December 1973 4 1 15,076 4,307 2,353 8,316 32December 1974 4 12,547 2,563 1,306 14,549 28December 1975 4 12,651 2,227 1,555-: 14,087 37December 1976 4 11,410 4,800 2,085 12,688 49

The problem of the unemployed in the district is complex. Generally,there is non-availability of experienced skilled work force in adequate numberto meet demand. Onthe other hand, there isaglutofnewapplicants havingno work experience. On December 31, 1976,there were 12,688 applicantson the live register of Employment Exchanges of the district, whereas thenumber of skilled applicants seeking employment assistance was only 2,884.The rest included 8,146 non-matriculates, 2,882 matriculates, 648 undergrauduates, 952graduates and 60post graduates.However, the functioning of employment exchanges in the district hasimproved the quality of services in the collection of employment market informationand vocational guidance facilities. Asa part oftheprogramme ofcollection of employment market information, quarterly employer's returnsare obtained from establishments inthe public sector and from employers employing10or more persons inthe private sector. These returns contain informationinter-alia regarding vacancieswhichremain unfilledat the end ofaquarter due to non-availability of suitable-applicants. At the same time itprovides information about the strength of establishments/concerns. OnMarch 31, 1977,there were 279public and 59private establishments on therecord of the Employment Exchanges.There is one Vocational Guidance Unit at Bhiwani, where careerpamphlets, books and other usefulinformation areprovided for the benefitofstudents/applicants. Invitational group talks are given to students andapplicants by the Employment Counsellor. Career talks are given by theVocational Guidance Counsellors to students in the schools to guide themabout better careers. Individual and group counselling work isalso carriedout in the Employment Exchanges. 1PRICESThe major factor which affects thedistributive pattern of incomesandwhich also determines the tempo and nature of economic development isthe fluctuation in prices. Prices regulate the production and consumptioneconomy of a region. Change in prices inthe first instance affectsthe realincomeand thereafter itcreatesdivelgencebetween incomesofdifferentgroups.Abrupt changesinpriceshamper the steadygrowth ofthe economy. Theroleofpricesisnot merelypassive,ofshowingindices reflectingonlythechanges in1. The occupational research and analysis and also the publication of career booksand pamphlets are done by the Department of Employment at State headquarters atChandigarh and the Directorate General of Employment and Training, Government of India,New Delhi.

the price levels,but also active, and may cause expansion or recession ineconomy.Prior to World War I (1914-18), prices were generally dependenton agricultural yield.1. Since the areas, now comprising the district ofBhiwani have remained agro-based, the pricesinthe region havebeen co-relatedwith agricUltural production and theimports of goods necessaryfor therequirements of this area. The outbreak ofthe war in1914,causeda suddenrise inpricesowingto imports beinginshort supplyand agricultural productionhaving been affectedby poor monsoons and thebad harvests of 1915-16.In1917 commenced aperiod ofdistressand hardship inwhichprices rose toorapidly to allow the economic system to adjust itself. The strain on the railwaysresulting from the war caused dislocation of communications so thatgoods from an area of plenty could not be transported to areas of scarcity.The situation worsenedfurther bythe disastrous harvest of1918closely followedbyanunparalleled lossoflife caused bythe influenzaepidemic inthelaterpart of 1918. These hardships brought matters to a climax and evengoodharvests in 1920proved insufficient to contain the upward trend of prices.The general depression of thirties brought a big slump in the marketaccompanied by unemployment. The resulting downward trend inthe pricesof agricultural produce created misery for the farmer.World War II broke out in September 1939. Itcreated widespreadscarcity conditions in respect of many articlesof daily need. The situationwas further aggravated by damage to crops by natural calamities. TheBhiwani area wasfamine stricken. Soits farmers could not deriveanybenefitfrom the high prices ofagricultural produce. There wasa slightrecession inpricesin 1944and 1945, but after 1945 the generalscarcity of foodgrains andinflationary factors were responsible for the price levelto rise enormously.Theprice indexofcloth registeredamuch higherrisethan that offood articles.The Government enacted speciallawsfor the procurement offoodgrains andto regulate the distribution of articles in short supply at controlled rates.On the Independence in 1947and consequent partition ofthe country,1. Itis difficult to giveprecisely theprices prevailing inthe Bhiwani district as awholein the past. Since this district has been formed bycombining some areas which had in thepast remlined parts ofdifferent administrative units, some idea about the retail prices prevailinglin some parts of this district may be had from Tables XXXII and XXXIII of theAppendix. The former tableshews the retail prices prevailing intheHisar (Hissar) district onthe first January each year in seers n:d cthr.trnks I:er nI:ce frem 1£Glto 1932"hile l1:elatter table gives similar information about Loharu up to 1911.

economic activities suffered to a very great extent due to dislocation of theworking population. A proper working force could not be developed for alongtime and this affected verybadlythegeneraleconomic condition. Therewasafurther rise inteeprice level. Pricecontrol wasimposed bythe GovernmentofIndia inmany sectors tostablilizethe general pricelevel all over thecountry. The measures taken proved fairly effectiveand there was areasonabledecline in prices.After Independence, the introduction of planning opened anew eraofprogressanddevelopment particularly inthe field of agriculture, irrigationindustry and employment. Asaresult of the First Five-Year Plan (1951-52to 1955-56),agricultural production increased considerably and prices of foodproducts fell in 1953-54. The price control on foodgrains was lifted. Butthe upward trend inprices started again immediately thereafter. The generalscarcity of foodgrains due to harvest failures and taking up of developmentalactivities,with long gestation periods, gave birth tovarious Inflationaryfactors to boost the price level during the Second Five-Year Plan (1956-57to 1960-61). In the Third Five-Year Plan period (1961-62to 1965-66),theprices ofwheat ,barley, rice, bajra, maize,gur, tobacco, etc., increased almosthundred per cent.During the Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-70to 1973-74), the wholesaleprices registered an unprecendented upward trend. - In Bhiwani, the price ofwheatwasRs. 35.00 to Rs.68.00 andRs. 135.00per quintal in the years1960,1966and 1974respectively. Similarupward trend in the priceofgramhas alsobeen observed during the last 15years. Priceswere generally stable during1975. The year-1976 witnessed allround declineinpricesexcept Jowar andbajra. -The average wholesale harvest prices in certain selected mandis of theBhiwani district are discussed individually to bring out clearly the fluctuationsin prices in different parts of the districtThe market at Bhiwanihas beenfamous for itstrade infoodgrains. Itis much bigger than other mandis of the district. The following table showsthe average wholesale harvest prices of various agricultural commodities inthis mandi during 1960 to 1976 :-

(Rupees per qujntal)C()Jnmodity) 1960 1966 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 n 0Z0~Wheat 35.00 68.00 87.00 83.00 91.(0 91.00 135.00 138.35 107.60 ~C':l>,).Gram 38.00 68.00 89.CO 74.00 106.00 146.00 197.QO 190.40 96.6 ~Zl:tMaize 31.50 80.50 45.00 52.50 73.00 75.00 84.70 80.50{I>oBarley 33.50 58.80 54.50 48.50 65.CO 100.50 109.50 98.40 62.60Jowar 36.00 50.00 40.00 51.00 79.00 86.00 155.00 86.84 120.00Bajra 30.50 69.50 51.50 56.50 93.50 88.50 100.00 82.85 85.85Gur 37.00 57.60 65.00 76.00 135.60 130.65 135.00 142.45 108.68Cotton (Desi) 80.00 105.66 157.50 156.60 180.00 211.00 263.00 198.85

It shows that the prices of agricultural commodities continuously rosefrom1960and reacheda maximumin1974. In1970,theharvest prices decreasedexceptinthecaseofwheat,gramand gur. Thepricesofwheat, barley andgram showed adecline in 1971. During 1972and 1973,the harvest prices ofallthe commodities except wheat increased appreciably. In 1974,there wasasteep rise in prices of all the commodities. Prices, however, declined in 1976except those of bajra and jowar.Charkhi DadriExcept barley and cotton, the average wholesale harvest prices in themandi of Charkhi Dadri showed a continuous rising trend since 1960right upto 1974. The price of barley declined in 1971 but recorded a steep increasethereafter. The price of cotton also fellfrom Rs. 340(per quintal) in 1971 toRs. 294 in 1972. The details of average wholesale harvest prices In CharkhiDadri are giveninthefollowing table :-

Commodity(Rupees per quintal)1960 1965 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 0z0~Wheat 42.20 57.00 79.50 77.75 91.50 98.50 131.00 151.10 106.6 n>-i:>ct!1Gram. 35.80 48.25 91.50 78.00 101.00 147.50 198.00 189.80 98.75 Z0fA~Barley 31.05 53.50 62.50 53.00 70.50 111.50 122.50 107.00 66.1010war 11.62 62.50 47.50 47.50 94.00 85.00 140.00 83.75Bajra 14.55 52.75 54.00 55.00 70.50 92.50 190.00 84.66 87.25Gur 22.92 57.83 67.00 74.35 152.00 152.33 145.00 138.35 112.00Cotton (Desj) 67.50 217.00 320.00 340.00 294.00 360.00 420.00