Islam in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives - Islamic Books ...
Islam in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives - Islamic Books ... Islam in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives - Islamic Books ...
I n d e x 3 7 9cultural, 240–241Ethiopian, 244–245global/local trends in, 210–214international power, 43Islamic, 34, 53, 68, 196PAGAD and, 277–280post-Soviet, 147–150regional, 105religion and, 52, 68, 75, 82–84, 85,92, 98–99Pollard, Lisa, 61Polygamy, 50–51, 115, 272, 275, 304Polygyny, issue of, 276–277Pondok pesantren, 185, 353Poole, Elijah, 292Popular expression, 204–210Portuguese, 188Postmodernism, 95, 97Pound, Ezra, 53Prayers, 91, 258 (photo), 264, 297communal, 6daily, 6, 206Friday, 301, 303songs, 243time for, 92PRC. See People’s Republic of ChinaPreamble to the Constitution, 197–198Prejudice, 276anti-Islamic, 286–288, 300gender, 303racial, 257, 259, 295, 300Private Islam, 80Privratsky, Bruce, 151Progressive organizations, 271Protest march, 278 (photo)Protestant Reformation, 71Public affairs, 298Public Islam, 80, 264, 298Public sphere, 50, 150–152, 298Public welfare, 48, 49Publishing, 145–147, 203Pulungan, J. Suyuthi, 4Punjab, 291Purdah, 115, 353Pure Islam, 167, 304Purification, 167, 169PUSA. See Persatuan Ulama-UlamaSeluruh AcehQadariyya. See MenhuanQadhafi, Mu‘ammar, 33Qadiriyya, 14, 109, 165, 167, 297Qadiriyya-Naqshbandiyya, 190Qaid-e Azam, 120Qajar dynasty, 82, 83, 84, 85Qardawi, Shaykh al-, 69Qasim Amin, 49Qasimi state, 20Qat, 243, 250n4Qi Jingyi, 165, 167Qiblah Mass Movements, 265, 266, 277Qing, 167, 169, 173Qur’an, 4, 25, 28, 49, 53, 54, 70, 71,106, 109, 183adherence to, 27, 29Arabic, 289described, 353–354gender hierarchy and, 304on God, 44interpretation of, 17, 19, 31, 89,186, 231knowledge of, 187, 247memorization of, 46, 185, 208, 247modern world and, 185reading, 6, 7, 10, 167, 200 (photo),202, 204, 207, 208recitation of, 66, 122, 125–126, 205,206–207, 209spirit of, 14, 128teaching, 67, 207, 259text of, 2, 3translation of, 115, 146Qur’an and Women (Wadud), 304Qur’an institutes, 207Qur’an kindergartens, 207Quraysh tribe, 3, 77, 219Qutb, Sayyid, 31, 54–56, 60at Ministry of Education, 55Rabbani, Wahid Bakhsh, 119, 120
3 8 0Islam i n World Cult u r e sRabbani, Wahid Bakhsh (continued)dargah of, 125 (photo)legacy of, 121–122, 126Rabghuzi, 146Race, 220, 259, 260, 264, 267, 293, 300Racialization, 259–260, 261, 264Muslims and, 263, 280rejection of, 268Racism, 264, 284, 295Radical Islam, 34, 35, 59, 110, 111, 211,279Radio 786, 269Radio stations, 269Rafsanjani, Ali Akbar Hashemi, 94Rahman, Fazlur, 113, 267Rahman, Shaykh Umar Abd al-, 67Rais, Amien, 212Ramadan, Said, 295Ramadhan, 7, 242, 243commercialization of, 63fasting during, 206, 297See also Sawm; Islamic lunar calendarRappers, 289Rashid, Ahmed, 110, 111Rashidov, Sharaf, 141, 156n2Rationalism, 15, 28, 95, 106, 139Rawandi, Ibn al-, 15Razi, Abu Bakr al-, 15Raziq, Mustafa Abd al-, 49Reagan, Ronald, 288Recitation, 66, 122, 125–126, 205,206–207, 209Recognition, 30, 273, 269–270The Reconstruction of Religious Thoughtin Islam (Iqbal), 112Red Crescent, 291Red Cross, 291Refah (Welfare) Party, 68Reform, 45, 52, 111, 140, 195, 204modernism and, 137–138moral, 109, 116movements for, 24–26, 190programs of, 47–48social, 87, 106, 118Reformism, 9, 48, 50, 113, 164, 166,169, 194, 195, 199, 264development of, 25Indonesian Muslim, 203scripturalist, 24–25, 202–204Refugees, 110 (photo), 269Religion, 234, 249, 302assault on, 139, 150function of, 144global connection and, 183identity of, 48politics and, 52, 68, 75, 82–84, 85,92, 98–99public performance of, 52revival of, 145study of, 31Religious minimalism, 151, 156Religious organizations, 110, 195Islamization and, 24South African, 265–266strengthening of, 196Religious problems, 194, 202Renewal, 111, 189, 204Indonesian Islamic, 199–202movements for, 24–26religious, 210Repression, 54, 59, 221Resistance movements, 188, 193Resurgence, 33, 199, 204, 205, 206,209, 210, 232Revivalism, 27, 31, 106, 107, 150, 151,193–194, 245beginnings of, 262–264, 265–266expansion of, 199Harar and, 231Hindu, 106Islamic, 30, 33, 97, 145, 146–147,217, 222, 231–232vision of, 113–116Revolutionary Guards, 92Reza, Imam, 79, 80, 99n1Reza Bazaar, 80Ricklefs, M. C., 196Rida, Rashid, 28, 28–29, 49, 54, 111“Rip Van Winkle” (Irving), 286Rituals, 9, 15, 80, 103, 121
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- Page 358 and 359: Key Te r m s 3 4 7the constitution.
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3 8 0<strong>Islam</strong> i n <strong>World</strong> Cult u r e sRabbani, Wahid Bakhsh (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)dargah of, 125 (photo)legacy of, 121–122, 126Rabghuzi, 146Race, 220, 259, 260, 264, 267, 293, 300Racialization, 259–260, 261, 264Muslims and, 263, 280rejection of, 268Racism, 264, 284, 295Radical <strong>Islam</strong>, 34, 35, 59, 110, 111, 211,279Radio 786, 269Radio stations, 269Rafsanjani, Ali Akbar Hashemi, 94Rahman, Fazlur, 113, 267Rahman, Shaykh Umar Abd al-, 67Rais, Amien, 212Ramadan, Said, 295Ramadhan, 7, 242, 243commercialization of, 63fast<strong>in</strong>g dur<strong>in</strong>g, 206, 297See also Sawm; <strong>Islam</strong>ic lunar calendarRappers, 289Rashid, Ahmed, 110, 111Rashidov, Sharaf, 141, 156n2Rationalism, 15, 28, 95, 106, 139Rawandi, Ibn al-, 15Razi, Abu Bakr al-, 15Raziq, Mustafa Abd al-, 49Reagan, Ronald, 288Recitation, 66, 122, 125–126, 205,206–207, 209Recognition, 30, 273, 269–270The Reconstruction of Religious Thought<strong>in</strong> <strong>Islam</strong> (Iqbal), 112Red Crescent, 291Red Cross, 291Refah (Welfare) Party, 68Reform, 45, 52, 111, 140, 195, 204modernism and, 137–138moral, 109, 116movements for, 24–26, 190programs of, 47–48social, 87, 106, 118Reformism, 9, 48, 50, 113, 164, 166,169, 194, 195, 199, 264development of, 25Indonesian Muslim, 203scripturalist, 24–25, 202–204Refugees, 110 (photo), 269Religion, 234, 249, 302assault on, 139, 150function of, 144global connection and, 183identity of, 48politics and, 52, 68, 75, 82–84, 85,92, 98–99public performance of, 52revival of, 145study of, 31Religious m<strong>in</strong>imalism, 151, 156Religious organizations, 110, 195<strong>Islam</strong>ization and, 24South African, 265–266strengthen<strong>in</strong>g of, 196Religious problems, 194, 202Renewal, 111, 189, 204Indonesian <strong>Islam</strong>ic, 199–202movements for, 24–26religious, 210Repression, 54, 59, 221Resistance movements, 188, 193Resurgence, 33, 199, 204, 205, 206,209, 210, 232Revivalism, 27, 31, 106, 107, 150, 151,193–194, 245beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>gs of, 262–264, 265–266expansion of, 199Harar and, 231H<strong>in</strong>du, 106<strong>Islam</strong>ic, 30, 33, 97, 145, 146–147,217, 222, 231–232vision of, 113–116Revolutionary Guards, 92Reza, Imam, 79, 80, 99n1Reza Bazaar, 80Ricklefs, M. C., 196Rida, Rashid, 28, 28–29, 49, 54, 111“Rip Van W<strong>in</strong>kle” (Irv<strong>in</strong>g), 286Rituals, 9, 15, 80, 103, 121
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