Islam in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives - Islamic Books ...

3 4 0Islam i n World Cult u r e sBahasa Indonesia (7)The official language of the modern nation-state of Indonesia. It is based uponM a l a y, which in earlier centuries served the populations of the archipelago asa lingua franca of trade and Muslim learning.Bareilly (9)See B a re l w i sBarelwis (4)A modern Muslim movement founded by the scholar and Qadiri S u f i m a s t e rAhmad Riza Khan Barelwi (1856–1921). Its membership was composed mostlyof South Asian u l a m a who followed the H a n a f i school of f i q h , emphasized theimportance of the way of the prophet and defended the role of the awliya Alla h as patrons and intercessors. The Barelwis blamed both British colonial ruleand reformist Muslims for the decline of the community and sought to prese rve intact the foundations of Islamic identity rooted in local cultural practices.Identifying themselves as the ahl al-sunna wa’l-jama’a, the Barelwis championedthemselves as the true heirs to the legacy of the Prophet Muhammad.Batin (4)The “interior,” or esoteric—as opposed to the “outward,” or exoteric (z a h i r)— d i-mension of Muslim piety. The Chishti Sabiri order discussed in Chapter 4 see S u-fism as a means by which one can find a balance between these two dimensions.Byzantine Empire (1)A Greek Orthodox Christian state that ruled much of the area to the north ofthe Arabian peninsula during the lifetime of Muhammad. Within a fewdecades of Muhammad’s death, the Byzantine Empire had lost much of its terri t o ry around the eastern Mediterranean, and it continued to shrink until itscapital, Constantinople (present Istanbul), fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.Caliph (1, 8)Title given to the leaders of the Muslim community who succeeded theProphet after his death in 632. The English term “caliph” is derived from theArabic k h a l i f a , “ s u c c e s s o r. ”Cape Malay (9)The Muslim populations of the Cape region of South Africa, so-called becausemany of the first Muslims settled there had been transported from the Malay-Indonesian archipelago by the Dutch in the seventeenth century. In the twentiethcentury, white, Protestant, Afrikaner ideologues used “Malay” as a distinctracial category in their radically racialized partition of society.