388 IndexArdra 27Aslesa(s) 33Asvayujau 35Bharani 50Candra 60Citra 67Dhanistha 75Hasta 114Jyestha 150Krttika(s) 164Magha 181Mrgasiras 205Mula 206Punarvasu 256Purvabhadrapada 256Purvaphalguni 256Purvasadha 256Pusya 257Revati 266Rohini 266Satabhisa 277Sravana 292Sravistha 292Svati 299Uttarabhadrapada 330Uttarasadha 330Namasangiti 211, 334Nammu 18, 89, 211, 221Namtar 212Nana 38, 212, 273Nanabozho 188, 212Nanahuatl 210, 212, 307Nanaja 212Nandi(n) 212, 288Nang Lha 212nanjil (plough) 272Nanna (1) (Mesopotamian)212–213Balder 45Enlil 90Forseti 97Hoder 127Inana 137Ningal 220Sin 285Utu 331Nanna (2) (Nordic) 213Na’nqa-ka’le 201, 213Nanše 213, 220Nan-Sgrub 213Nantosuelta 213, 294Napaeae 213Napir 213Nappatecuhtli 213Nappinnai 213Nara 29, 113, 213–214Narada 157, 214, 343Naradatta 214Nara (sacred water) 343Narasinha 214, 214, 333,336Narasinhi 214Narayana 4, 113, 156, 171,214, 214Nareu 214Narisah 214Narkissos 214–215Nataraja 215, 288Natha 215national god 41–42Native Americans. See alsoBella Coola Indians; Inuits;NavahoAgu’gux 7Anaulikutsai’x 19Awonawilona 40Gunnodoyak 107Haili’laj 110Hi’lina 125Kitanitowit 161Koyote 163Kumokums 167Manito 188Manitu 188Nanabozho 212O’meal 233Owiot 237Qa’wadiliquala 258Sga’na 282Sins Sga’nagwai 286Ta’ngwanla’na 303Tate 304Tawa 306Ta’xet 307Teharon(hiawagon)308Tewi’xilak 311Tia 314Tirawa 316Tsa’qamae 323Wakan Tanka346–347Wakonda 347Whope 348Wi 348Windigo 348Xil Sga’nagwai 350Naunet 215, 231Navadurga(s) 59, 60, 215,251, 268, 327Navaho. See also specific gods,e.g. : HastehoganEstsanatlehi 94Hastsbaka 114Hastsebaad 114Hastseltsi 114Hastseoltoi 115Hastseyalti 115Hastsezini 115Hatdastsisi 115Klehanoai 161–162Nayenezgani 215Tienoltsodi 315Tobadzistsini 319Tsohanoai 323Yolkai Estan 356Navasakti(s) 215Brahmani 54Camunda 59Ellaman 88Indrani 139Karttiki 157Mahesvari 184Mariyamman 190Matara 192Narasinhi 214Pidari 247Pradhana 251Puranai 256Raudri 264Varahi 337Nayenezgani 94, 115, 215,319, 323Ndaula 215Ndjambi 215Nebethetpet 215Nebo 210, 216Nediyon 216Nefertiti 36Nefertum 216, 255, 270,346Negun 216Nehalennia 216Nehebu-Kau 216, 280Neit 216Neith 14, 216–217, 289Nekhbet 217, 346Nekmet Awai 217Nemausius 217Nemesis 119, 217, 312Nemetona 217Ne’nenkicex 217Neper 217, 265Nephthys 22, 91, 141,217–218, 227, 235, 281Neptunus 218, 219Nereides 218, 218Nereus 17, 81, 218, 249,313Nergal 218Birdu 52Dur 82Ereškigal 92Erra 93Gerra 104Mamitu 186Melqart 195Mes Lam Taea 196Nergal and Ereškigal 85Ninazu 220Rešep (A)Mukal 265Nerrivik 218Nerthus 218–219Nestor Chronicle 65Nesu 219Nethuns 219Neti 219Nextepehua 219Ngai 219Ngunuwo 219Ni 219Niamye 219night 264Niha-Tsu-Hi-No-Kami 219Nihongi (Shinto text) 14, 15,85, 225, 268Nike 219–220, 293Nikkal 220, 285Niladanda 220Niladevi 220Nilalohita 220Nin Ezen (La) 220Nin Mar Ki 220Nin Me En 220. See alsoNinmenaNin Ur 220Ninazu 92, 220, 221Nindara 220Nindub 220Ninegal 220Ningal 212, 220–221, 285Ningikuga 220, 221Ningilin 221Ningirama 221Ningirsu 221Ningiszida 221Ninhursaga 48, 89, 116,186, 211, 221, 221–222,258, 296, 330Ninigi (Prince) 99, 141,162, 222, 301Nin-Ildu 222Nin-Imma 222Nin-imma 89Nin’insinna 107, 222, 239,329Ninkarnunna 222Ninkigal 222Ninkurra 89, 222, 330Ninlil 90, 206, 218, 220,222–223, 227, 331Ninmah 89, 221, 222, 223Ninmena 223Ninni 223Nin-Šar 89, 223, 330Ninsikil 223Ninšubur 137, 223, 243Ninsun(a) 223, 287Ninšušinak 223Nintinugga 107, 223Nintu 221, 223–224Ninurta 107, 121, 142, 220,222, 224, 242Nirmali 224
Index 389Nirrti 79, 153, 224–225Niruktipratisamvit 225nirvana (eternal bliss) 123,182Nispannatara 225Nissaba 225Njord 97, 98, 219, 225,237, 285, 289, 336Nodotus 225Nomi-No-Sukune 225Nommo 225Nona 72, 204, 225–226,243Nong 226Nordic (Icelandic) gods viii,ix. See also VikingsAegir 5Aesir 6Balder 45Bragi 53Fjorgyn 96Freyja 97Freyr 97–98Frigg 98Heimdall 118–119Hermod 123Hoder 127Idunn 133Iord 140Loki 176–177Lothur 177Mani 188Mimir 198–199Nanna (2) 213Njord 225Othin 236–237Ran 263Sif 285Sigyn 285Sol (2) 291Thor 313Ull 328Vali (Icelandic)335–336Valtam 336Vanir 336Ve 338Vidar 340Vili 341Vor 344Yng 356Norsemen. See Nordic godsNortia 226Nosenga 65, 226Notus 6, 226Nrtya 172, 226Nsongo 226Nu Kua 226, 283Nu Mus Da 226Nuadu 78, 226–227, 324Nudimmud 89, 227Nuli’rahak 227Nun 227, 231, 255Nunbarsegunu 227Nurelli 227nursery goddess 344Nušku 227Nut 91, 103, 141, 218,227–228, 235, 281, 308Nu’tenut 228Nyakaya 78, 228Nyame 228, 234gNyan 228Nyavirezi 228Nyx 7, 64, 92, 132, 204,228, 247, 291, 312Nzambi 228Nzapa 229Nze 229Ooaths 93, 128, 186Obarator 230Obatala 230, 232Occator 230oceans. See sea gods anddeitiesOcelotl 230, 311Ocelus 230Odin. See OthinOduduwa 10, 230–231Odyssey (Homer). See Illiadand OdysseyOgdoad 14, 17, 116, 118,158, 159, 215, 231Ogiuwu 231Ogmius 231Ogun 231, 231Ohoroxtotil 231Oi 231Okeanides 73, 231–232,232, 246Okeanos 10, 81, 197, 232,232, 237, 293, 310, 313,316, 325Oki-Tsu-Hiko-No-Kami232Oko 232O-Kuni-Nushi-No-Mikoto232, 295Ola Bibi 232Old Testament 355Olodumare 93, 133, 230,232, 234, 235Olokun 232, 235Olorun. See OlodumareO-lwa-Dai-Myojin 231Omacatl 233Ome Tochtli 233O’meal 233Ometecuhtli 233Ometeotl 66, 67, 140, 233,233, 320Omichle 233, 250Onuava 233Onuris 233–234Opo 234Opochtli 234Ops 234oracular deities 11, 25, 72,89Oraios 234orca (killer whale) 282orchards and gardens 249Orcus 110, 234Ordog 234Oreades 234Ori 234Origin of the World 27, 269,292Orisanla 234Oro 234Orotalt 234–235Orthia 235Orunmila 235Osande 235Osanobua 231, 232, 235Osiris 235–236<strong>And</strong>jety 20Balder 45Ennead 91Geb 103Harendotes 113Haroeris 113Harsiese 114Hathor 115Heryšaf 123, 124Hetepes-Sekhus 124Horus 128Isis 141, 142Khnum 160Neper 217Nephthys 217Nut 227Re 264Renenutet 265Sarapis 275Seth 281Ostara 236Ostaraki 236Osun 236Othin 236–237Aesir 6Balder 45Bor 53Bragi 53Buri 57Frigg 98Hermod 123Hoenir 127Iord 140Loki 177Lothur 177Mimir 199Rind 266Thor 313Vali 335Vanir 336Ve 338Vidar 340Vili 341Wodan 348O-Toshi-No-Kami 201,237, 298Ouranos 7, 22, 24, 100, 133,163, 237, 266, 310, 312,316Owiot 237Oxlahun Ti Ku 237Oya 238, 282O-Yama-Tsu-Mi 162, 238Oyise (sacred wooden totem)62PPa-bil-sag 239Paca-Mama 239Pachacamac 239Padma 193, 239Padmantaka 239Padmapani 16, 39, 239, 287Padmatara 239Padmosnisa 239Pahteeatl 240Paiawon 240Painal 240Pajainen 240Pajonn 240Pak Tai 130, 240Pakhet 240Palaemon 174, 241Palaniyantavan 241Pales 241Palestinian 34Pallas (Athene) 37, 241. Seealso AthenaPan 95, 241, 278Panao 241, 252Pancabrahma 241Pancamukha-Patradeva241Pancanana 241–242Pancaraksa 242pancaviras, cult of 272Pandara 15, 39, 242Paneu 242Pansahi Mata 242Pao Kung 242Papas 242papa (the earth) 242
- Page 4 and 5:
For Beatrice Elizabeth JordanDictio
- Page 7:
PREFACE TO THESECOND EDITION6It is
- Page 10 and 11:
viii Introduction to the First Edit
- Page 12 and 13:
x Introduction to the First Edition
- Page 15:
Chronology of the Principal Religio
- Page 18 and 19:
2 AbnobaAbnobaForest and river godd
- Page 20 and 21:
4 AdidharmaAdidharma (the primeval
- Page 22 and 23:
6 AeolosAengus eventually found her
- Page 24 and 25:
8 Ah Cancunthe iguana god ITZAM NA.
- Page 26 and 27:
10 AhuraniAlthough never popular am
- Page 28 and 29:
12 Alad Udug Lamathe crescent moon.
- Page 30 and 31:
14 Ama-Tsu-MaraSusano-Wo ascends wi
- Page 32 and 33:
16 AmmAmitabha is also taken as a t
- Page 34 and 35:
18 Amurruby Amun. A similar scene e
- Page 36 and 37:
20 AnbayAnbayLocal tutelary god. Pr
- Page 38 and 39:
22 Anu (2)the older Sumerian god AN
- Page 40 and 41:
24 Apedemakarrow, shield, snake and
- Page 42 and 43:
26 Apsaraspython and the Olympic Cy
- Page 44 and 45:
28 ArensnuphisArensnuphis [Greek]Lo
- Page 46 and 47:
30 ArsuArsuAstraltutelary god. Pre-
- Page 48 and 49:
32 AšertuART REFERENCES none survi
- Page 50 and 51:
34 Astarprime parent, ruling the se
- Page 52 and 53:
36 ATENthe left half being fishy an
- Page 54 and 55:
38 AttarAttarGod of the morning sta
- Page 56 and 57:
40 Avetaand is said to live in the
- Page 58 and 59:
42 Baal Malagesaid to have gained h
- Page 60 and 61:
44 BagbaBagbaAnimistic spirit. West
- Page 62 and 63:
46 BanbaBanbaFertility goddess. Cel
- Page 64 and 65:
48 BehanzinBehanzinFish god. Fon [B
- Page 66 and 67:
50 BethelA dwarfish and hideous, bu
- Page 70 and 71:
54 BRAHMABRAHMA (the creator)ORIGIN
- Page 72 and 73:
56 BUDDHABUDDHA (enlightened)ORIGIN
- Page 74 and 75:
6 CCacochCreator god. Mayan (classi
- Page 76 and 77:
60 CandikaCandika (fierce)Goddess o
- Page 79 and 80:
Chang Hs’ien 63CENTER(S) OF CULT
- Page 81 and 82:
Chu Jung 65ChiccanRain gods. Mayan
- Page 83 and 84:
COATLICUE 67tonac. Between them the
- Page 85 and 86:
Cybele 69importance. She is best ob
- Page 87 and 88:
Damkina 71ART REFERENCES possibly v
- Page 89 and 90:
Dena 73over the critical months of
- Page 91 and 92:
Dharmadhatuvagisvara 75Color: green
- Page 93 and 94:
DIANCECHT 77(night of frustration),
- Page 95 and 96:
DISANI 79Dionysos is a deity associ
- Page 97 and 98:
Duillae 81Djila’qonsSea goddess.
- Page 99 and 100:
DYAUS PITAR 83(spoked disc) of KRSN
- Page 101 and 102:
6 EE Alom (conceiver of children)Pr
- Page 103 and 104:
EL 87LITERARY SOURCES Theogony and
- Page 105 and 106:
ENKI 89EllilCreator god. Mesopotami
- Page 107 and 108:
EPONA 91EnneadThe Heliopolis panthe
- Page 109 and 110:
Eshu 93depicted drawing, and arrows
- Page 111 and 112:
6 FFabulinusMinor god of infants. R
- Page 113 and 114:
FREYR 97of fruit and flowers. Her m
- Page 115 and 116:
Futsu-Nushi-No-Kami 99He carries a
- Page 117 and 118:
GANESA 101witness first, then Gaia
- Page 119 and 120:
Gefjon 103of the creator god TSUNIG
- Page 121 and 122:
GOBNIU 105GiltineGoddess of death.
- Page 123 and 124:
Gusilim 107GukumatzSky god. Mayan (
- Page 125 and 126:
H6HaGuardian god. Egyptian. Early d
- Page 127 and 128:
Hanui-o-rangi 111with the SAKTI on
- Page 129 and 130:
Harpokrates 113India, as a protecto
- Page 131 and 132:
HATHOR 115HastseoltoiGoddess of hun
- Page 133 and 134:
HEBAT 117bracken which has been tra
- Page 135 and 136:
Helen 119came also to be associated
- Page 137 and 138:
HERAKLES 121king of Athens. In the
- Page 139 and 140:
HERYŠAF 123from a barrel and to br
- Page 141 and 142:
Hina 125LAKA, the god of the hula a
- Page 143 and 144:
Horagalles 127HODERORIGIN Nordic (I
- Page 145 and 146:
Huang Ti 129HoursUnderworld goddess
- Page 147 and 148:
Hyakinthos 131Hun HunapuCreator god
- Page 149 and 150:
6 IIalonusGod of meadows. Romano-Ce
- Page 151 and 152:
I’lena 135TAWHIRIMATEA, the god o
- Page 153 and 154:
INANA 137to Imra, at a small town c
- Page 155 and 156:
Intercidona 139One of the most impo
- Page 157 and 158:
ISIS 141IšaraGoddess of marriage a
- Page 159 and 160:
ITZAM NA 143cuneiform texts includi
- Page 161 and 162:
Ixtlilton 145IuturnaGoddess of spri
- Page 163 and 164:
6 JJabruSky god. Elamite [Iran]. Lo
- Page 165 and 166:
Junrojin 149Jaya-Vijaya (victorious
- Page 167 and 168:
6 KKa TyeleoCreator god. Senufo [Iv
- Page 169 and 170:
Kalika 153(rotating wheel) and one
- Page 171 and 172:
Kamini 155with a line of honey bees
- Page 173 and 174:
Katajalina 157Kapalini (carrying a
- Page 175 and 176:
Khasa 159KebechetChthonic snake god
- Page 177 and 178:
Klehanoai 161Ki (the great one)Arch
- Page 179 and 180:
KRSNA 163KourotrophosObscure wet-nu
- Page 181 and 182:
Kubaba 165The most powerful figure
- Page 183 and 184:
Kun-Rig 167Kulika (of good family)S
- Page 185 and 186:
Kyumbe 169depicted as a salacious c
- Page 187 and 188:
Lan Cai-he 171islanders in a hedoni
- Page 189 and 190:
Lesa 173LEBIEN-POGIL (owner of the
- Page 191 and 192:
Liu Pei 175regarded as being genera
- Page 193 and 194:
Lu Pan 177KNOWN PERIOD OF WORSHIP V
- Page 195 and 196:
Lupercus 179LunaMoon goddess. Roman
- Page 197 and 198:
Maha-Ganapati 181from girl to hag a
- Page 199 and 200:
Mahasthama(prapta) 183MahaprabhuTut
- Page 201 and 202:
Malamanganga’e 185MaiaChthonic or
- Page 203 and 204:
Mandulis 187MamlamboRiver goddess.
- Page 205 and 206:
MARDUK 189red or yellow. Attributes
- Page 207 and 208:
Mata 191centered at Gaza at the Mar
- Page 209 and 210:
Mayajalakrama-Kurukulla 193MatsyaIn
- Page 211 and 212:
Mena 195contrast to this imagery, h
- Page 213 and 214:
Mictlantecuhtli 197MessorMinor god
- Page 215 and 216:
MINERVA 199An AESIR god who lives i
- Page 217 and 218:
Moccus 201MitiMaternal spirit. Kory
- Page 219 and 220:
MORRIGAN 203numerous smaller sanctu
- Page 221 and 222:
Mujaji 205sister ANAT, who slays Mo
- Page 223 and 224:
Mutinus 207the council of gods. His
- Page 225 and 226:
N6NA CHA (here is a loud cry)ORIGIN
- Page 227 and 228:
NAMMU 211fresh waters by the great
- Page 229 and 230:
Nara 213honor. He was considered to
- Page 231 and 232:
Nebethetpet 215took pity on him and
- Page 233 and 234:
Nephthys 217and, on reaching the de
- Page 235 and 236:
Nike 219NJORD. Tacitus alludes to h
- Page 237 and 238:
NINHURSAG˜ A 221the sun god. She w
- Page 239 and 240:
Nintu 223god Nana, she also conceiv
- Page 241 and 242:
Nona 2252. God. Buddhist. A dikpala
- Page 243 and 244:
NUT 227One of the TUATHA DE DANANN
- Page 245 and 246:
Nze 229NzapaCreator god. Ngbandi [D
- Page 247 and 248:
Okeanides 231great heroic Yoruba go
- Page 249 and 250:
Onuris 233OmacatlMinor god of feast
- Page 251 and 252:
OSIRIS 235times as a supreme god an
- Page 253 and 254:
Oxlahun Ti Ku 237lives in the Hall
- Page 255 and 256:
6 PPa-bil-sagTutelary god of Isin.
- Page 257 and 258:
Pancanana 241PalaemonMinor sea god.
- Page 259 and 260:
Parna-Savari 243known chiefly from
- Page 261 and 262:
Penates 245Pavana (purifier)God of
- Page 263 and 264:
Pidray 247PeruwaHorse god. Hittite.
- Page 265 and 266:
POSEIDON 249PolerammaPlague goddess
- Page 267 and 268:
Prajnavardhani 251in Oxchuc, and th
- Page 269 and 270:
Proserpina 253guardian of mariners.
- Page 271 and 272:
Pu’gu 255abducted as an infant fr
- Page 273 and 274:
Pwyll 257PusyaMinor goddess of fort
- Page 275 and 276:
Quiahuitl 259typically ancient Near
- Page 277 and 278:
6 RRADHA (prosperity)ORIGIN Hindu (
- Page 279 and 280:
RATNASAMBHAVA 263RanStorm goddess.
- Page 281 and 282:
Revanta 265“Eye of Re” is a ver
- Page 283 and 284:
Rudra 267ance of the rainbow. He is
- Page 285 and 286:
6 SSaChthonic creator god. Kono [ea
- Page 287 and 288:
Salus 271“eye of Re.” She is so
- Page 289 and 290:
Saning Sari 273Samvara (keeping out
- Page 291 and 292:
SARASVATI 275SaptamataraGeneric tit
- Page 293 and 294:
Satis 277Sarvapayanjaha (remover of
- Page 295 and 296:
Semele 279ADITYAS, all of whom take
- Page 297 and 298:
SETH 281SešatGoddess of libraries
- Page 299 and 300:
Shina-Tsu-Hime 283ShaniAstral god a
- Page 301 and 302:
Sina 285SiduriMinor goddess of brew
- Page 303 and 304:
Sitatara 287and passing comments in
- Page 305 and 306:
Sobek 289consort of the god NJORD.
- Page 307 and 308:
SOPHIA 291and the emperor Aurelian
- Page 309 and 310:
Subhadra 293Sri(devi) (prosperity)1
- Page 311 and 312:
Šulman(u) 295sources of irrigation
- Page 313 and 314:
SURYA (1) 297various arts and skill
- Page 315 and 316:
Syamatara 299SvaraghosarajaPhysicia
- Page 317 and 318:
Tam Kung 301shamanism and with the
- Page 319 and 320:
Tara 303TAKERE, he was plucked from
- Page 321 and 322:
Tatosi 305Tate Hautse Kupuri (mothe
- Page 323 and 324:
Tecciztecatl 307Ta’xetGod of deat
- Page 325 and 326:
Terra Mater 309(the Finnish legend
- Page 327 and 328:
TEZCATLIPOCA 311Teuhcatl (he of Teu
- Page 329 and 330:
THOTH 313ThetisGoddess of rivers an
- Page 331 and 332:
TIN HAU 315TienoltsodiGod of oceans
- Page 333 and 334:
Tlalehitonatiuh 317power. One of th
- Page 335 and 336:
Tomwo’get 319Tloque Nahauque (rul
- Page 337 and 338:
Toyo-Uke-Bime 321Tornarssuk (big to
- Page 339 and 340:
Tu (2) 323parts of the world—heav
- Page 341 and 342:
Tzultacah 325fields and is capable
- Page 343 and 344:
U6Ua-IldakVegetation goddess. Mesop
- Page 345 and 346:
Usas 329UnumboteCreator god. Bassar
- Page 347 and 348:
UTU 331SYNONYMS ŠAMAŠ (Akkadian).
- Page 349 and 350:
VAIROCANA 333VahguruCreator god. Si
- Page 351 and 352:
Vali 335uncertain identity. Color:
- Page 353 and 354: Vasudeva 337in southern India, rank
- Page 355 and 356: Verbti 339Ve’ai (grass woman)Vege
- Page 357 and 358: Vimala 341VidyadeviGeneric title fo
- Page 359 and 360: Visvamitra 343CENTER(S) OF CULT man
- Page 361 and 362: Vyasa 345VrtraDemonic god of chaos.
- Page 363 and 364: Wer 347spirit which, in an animisti
- Page 365 and 366: Wu’squus 349human sacrifices who
- Page 367 and 368: Xolotl Nanahuatl 351intecuhtli and
- Page 369 and 370: Yamm 353YaksasTree spirits. Hindu.
- Page 371 and 372: Yine’ane’ut 355ble, with BAIAME
- Page 373 and 374: Yu-ti 357He is often accompanied by
- Page 375 and 376: ZEUS 359crops. She was invoked at s
- Page 377 and 378: BIBLIOGRAPHY6AfricaChidester, D. Af
- Page 379 and 380: Bibliography 363Pagels, Elaine. The
- Page 381 and 382: Bibliography 365Marriott, A & Rachl
- Page 383 and 384: INDEX6Note: Boldface numbersindicat
- Page 385 and 386: Index 369Amma (2) (African) 16Ammav
- Page 387 and 388: Index 371Ixquimilli-Itzlacoliuhqui1
- Page 389 and 390: Index 373‘bull roarer’ instrume
- Page 391 and 392: Index 375Kasyapa 157Khasa 159Ksama
- Page 393 and 394: Index 377Ningal 220Ningikuga 221Nin
- Page 395 and 396: Index 379Phosphoros 247Polydeukes 2
- Page 397 and 398: Index 381Ihy 134Isis 142Min 199Neit
- Page 399 and 400: Index 383justice 78, 145, 213, 217,
- Page 401 and 402: Index 385Freyja 97Hathor 115-116Kam
- Page 403: Index 387Mithras 9, 200, 201Miti 20
- Page 407 and 408: Index 391Te Po 242, 307Te-Aka-la-Ro
- Page 409 and 410: Index 393Romano-Iberians 280Romulus
- Page 411 and 412: Index 395Ho-Musubi-No-Kami127Ho-No-
- Page 413 and 414: Index 397Sudurjaya 294Sugriva 294su
- Page 415 and 416: Index 399Tlazolteotl (Ixcuiname) 31
- Page 417 and 418: Index 401Višnu Trivikrama 343Visva
- Page 419: REVELATION