(XPS)-2 - Washington State University

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Spin-orbit and lines intensityMultiplet splitting occurs when the system has unpaired electrons in the Valencelevels.Example: Mn 2+ 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 5 4s 2 (3d 5 all unpaired and with // spins)Also the total electronic angular momentum (j) is a combination of the orbital angular(l) and spin (s) momenta. The j-j coupling is equal to |L ± S| where L and S are thetotal orbital angular and spin momenta, respectively.For angular quantum number l ≠ 0 the line is a doublet. (p 1/2 , p 3/2 ).Splitting: Final states are given by: j + = l + s and j - = l – sExamples: For p orbitals the doublet will be p 1/2 and p 3/2 because l = 1 and s = ± 1/2therefore j - = 1/2 and j + =3/2.For d orbitals, the doublet will be d x1 and d x2 because l = and s = ± 1/2therefore j - = x1 and j + = x2 .
Intensity ratio is given by (2j - +1) / (2j + +1)For p orbitals the ratio is given by 2 x 1/2 +1 = 2 (p 1/2 ) and 2 x 3/2 +1 = 4(p 3/2 ). Therefore the ratios for p orbitals doublet is 1/2, for d orbitalsdoublet is 4/6 = 2/3Cr 2p spectrumAu 4f spectrumRatio = 1/2 Ratio = ??
Page 5 and 6: Six features seen in a typical XPS
Page 7 and 8: F 1s peakSharp Peak (core level)O 1
Page 9 and 10: Vacancy created by photoionization
Page 11 and 12: Shake-up satellites: distinct peaks
Page 13 and 14: Auger featuresAuger electron emissi
Page 15 and 16: x 10 3Oxidized surfaces12Cr 2p ---d
Page 17: Chemical BondingThe curve fitting o
Page 21: Static Charging (cont.)Auger: Sampl
Page 24 and 25: Peak Widths and IntensitiesPeak wid
Page 26 and 27: Quantitative Analysis (cont.)Sx=( A

(XPS)-2 - Washington State University

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