(XPS)-2 - Washington State University

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Angular Distributions(C.S. Fadley, J.E.S. and R.P. (1974) 5 p 725-754)The mean free paths (IMFP) are in the range of 5 -100Å falling within 5 –40 Å forinorganic materials. To enhance the surface signal we can vary the photon energy—closer to the attenuation length minimum or decrease the angle of electron emissionrelative to a solid surface.For example: Au 4f IMFP is about 22Å (d) at angle of 90° using AlKα. The depth (d)probed by <strong>XPS</strong> becomes about 4-5 Å at angle of 10°.
Chemical BondingThe curve fitting of the mainhydrocarbon line (C x H y ) revealschemical shifts corresponding to• Ether and alcohol groups (C-O at 1.55eV higher BE),• Carbonyl groups (C=O at 2.8 eVhigher),• Ester and acid functional at 4.2 eV• Carbonate groups at 5.2 eV higherBE.Finally, the π- π* satellite at 291.5 eVappears at the extreme left.
Page 5 and 6: Six features seen in a typical XPS
Page 7 and 8: F 1s peakSharp Peak (core level)O 1
Page 9 and 10: Vacancy created by photoionization
Page 11 and 12: Shake-up satellites: distinct peaks
Page 13 and 14: Auger featuresAuger electron emissi
Page 15: x 10 3Oxidized surfaces12Cr 2p ---d
Page 19 and 20: Intensity ratio is given by (2j - +
Page 21: Static Charging (cont.)Auger: Sampl
Page 24 and 25: Peak Widths and IntensitiesPeak wid
Page 26 and 27: Quantitative Analysis (cont.)Sx=( A

(XPS)-2 - Washington State University

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