(XPS)-2 - Washington State University

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Satellites arise when a core electron is removed by a photoionization. Thereis a sudden change in the effective charge due to the loss of shieldingelectrons. (This perturbation induces a transition in which an electron from abonding orbital can be transferred to an anti-bonding orbital simultaneouslywith core ionization).Two types of satellite are detected.Shake-up: The outgoing electron interacts with a valence electron andexcites it (shakes it up) to a higher energy level. As a consequence theenergy core electron is reduced and a satellite structure appears a few eVbelow (KE scale) the core level position.Shake-off: The valence electron is ejected from the ion completely (to thecontinuum). Appears as a broadening of the core level peak or contributeto the inelastic background.
Shake-up satellites: distinct peaks a few eV below the main line.Shake-off satellites: broad feature at lower energy w.r.t. to main line.Ψnlm( r,θ , ψ ) = Y ( θ , ψ ) R ( r)lmn
Page 5 and 6: Six features seen in a typical XPS
Page 7 and 8: F 1s peakSharp Peak (core level)O 1
Page 9: Vacancy created by photoionization
Page 13 and 14: Auger featuresAuger electron emissi
Page 15 and 16: x 10 3Oxidized surfaces12Cr 2p ---d
Page 17 and 18: Chemical BondingThe curve fitting o
Page 19 and 20: Intensity ratio is given by (2j - +
Page 21: Static Charging (cont.)Auger: Sampl
Page 24 and 25: Peak Widths and IntensitiesPeak wid
Page 26 and 27: Quantitative Analysis (cont.)Sx=( A

(XPS)-2 - Washington State University

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