evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor

Krajina in urbanizem v ItalijiLandscape and urbanism in ItalyAlberto Clementi76Delavnica 1 / Workshop 1UvodMedtem ko se teme, obravnavane v temdokumentu, nanašajo neposredno na položaj vItaliji, se prav tako dotikajo splošnejših tem gledepolitike načrtovanja in upravljanja krajine znotrajokvira, ki ga določa Evropska konvencija okrajini.Obravnavane teme so naslednje:1. Kako izpolniti cilje kakovosti krajine; 2. Spremembasistema upravljanja krajin; 3. Posodobitevdokumentov za ohranjanje1. Kako izpolniti cilje kakovosti krajineV Italiji je ohranjanje krajine tradicionalnozaznamoval restriktiven pristop, katerega cilj jeizolirati najdragocenejša območja ter jihuspešno podrediti pravilom varovanja gledespremembe njihove uporabe in fizičnih vzorcev.Osnovni dokument, ki se je uporabljal zaizvajanje te vrste ohranjanja, je bil Regionalnikrajinski načrt (Piano Paesistico Regionale), ki gaje zasnovala regionalna vlada skupaj zMinistrstvom za kulturno dediščino in dejavnosti(Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali -MBAC). V preteklosti so postopki, povezani spooblastili, bili zaupani posebnim nadzornimorganom, državnim nadzornikom in lokalnimuradom MBAC. Do nedavnega so ta pooblastilaneposredno izvajale regionalne vlade in znjihovim pooblastilom pogosto tudi provincialneali občinske vlade. Ta rešitev je bila predmetštevilnih kritik, saj so v veliko primerih nadzori bilimanj strogi zaradi pomanjkanja pristojnegaorgana, ki bi bil neodvisen od lokalnih oblasti, naprimer Urad nadzornika. Eno izmed zadnjihdejanj prejšnje desnosredinske vlade, o kateremse je množično razpravljalo zaradi njene politikekulturne dediščine in krajine, je bila ponovnapredaja neposrednega nadzora nadzornikom,PremiseWhile the themes dealt with in this paper referdirectly to the situation in Italy, they also makereference to more general issues about the policiesfor the planning and managing of the landscapewithin the framework described by theEuropean Landscape Convention.In particular, the topics discussed include:1. How to meet landscape quality objectives; 2.The readjustment of the of system landscapegovernance; 3. Upgrading the instruments ofconservation1. How to meet landscape quality objectivesIn Italy, landscape conservation has traditionallybeen characterised by a restrictive approachthat aims to isolate the areas of greatest value,successively subjecting them to protective rulesregarding the transformation of their use andphysical patterns.The basic instrument used to implement thisform of conservation was the Regional LandscapePlan (Piano Paesistico Regionale), definedby the Regional Government, together with theMinistry of Cultural Heritage and Activities(Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitá Culturali -MBAC). In the past the procedures related to authorisationswere entrusted to specific organismsof control, the State Superintendents andlocal offices of the MBAC. More recently thesepowers were exercised directly by the RegionalGovernments and often, following their delegation,by the Provincial or Municipal Government.This solution has given rise to numerous criticisms,given that all too often the controls wereless rigorous in the absence of a competent authoritythat was also independent of the localpowers, such as the Superintendent’s Office.One of the last acts of the previous centre right