evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor

72Delavnica 1 / Workshop 1in trenutni kulturi ljudi, in zaradi tega ni samoscensko in vizualno vprašanje. Krajina je samapo sebi kulturna tvorba v današnjem času,vendar nas ta miselna tvorba povezuje z našopreteklostjo in našimi predniki, hkrati pa senavezuje tudi na naš miselni in fizični življenjskiprostor.Javne krajine in krajine prihodnostiKrajina nas povezuje z našo preteklostjo innašimi predniki, vendar pa samo estetski pogledtega ne zaobjame v celoti, še eno opozorilo, danaj bi zgodovinarske in arheološke strokeodigrale večjo vlogo v krajinski stroki.Zgodovinske in arheološke metode ter modeli insorodni modeli, ki iz njih izhajajo, nepredstavljajo »dodatkov« k ocenjevanju krajine,ampak so bistvenega pomena pri doprinosunjihovih posebnih pogledov. Vse več je»celostnih« metod LCA, na primer takšnih, kot jemetoda, ki je nedavno sodelovala pri izboru vnovem parku South Downs National Park vsevernem delu Anglije, pri kateri je vloženegaveliko zavestnega napora z namenomzdruževanja treh »glavnih« niti krajine -vizualnosti in privlačnosti, ekologije in biotskeraznovrstnosti ter zgodovine in arheologije. Greza dober prvi korak k pravemu interdisciplinarnemurazumevanju, vendar se je v številnihpogledih potovanje šele začelo; poudarekkonvencije, da krajina ni predmet raziskavštevilnih strok in ni v pristojnosti nobeneposamezne stroke, verjetno predstavlja enegaizmed najpomembnejših delov njenihusmeritev.Znanstveni in strokovni pristop pravkarnavedenih metod se seveda razlikuje; lahkospodbujajo interdisciplinarnost, vendar to nezadostuje, če ne presežejo akademske,znanstvene ali strokovne stroke in ne vključijotudi širšo javnost, vključijo prebivalce. MetodLCA ali HLC vsekakor ni enostavno razširiti natak način, da bi zaobjela javne vidike, naj gre zaskupinske ali posamezne, pa vendar je tobistvenega pomena, če želimo, da krajinadoseže svoj demokratičen in socialni potencialv celoti. Brez ljudi in njihovih dojemanj »krajina«ne more obstajati v takšnem smislu, kot joopredeljuje konvencija; brez zavedanjapreteklosti ter del in dejavnosti – tako dosežkov,kot tudi napak – ne bomo razumeli krajine, brezrazumevanja pa ne moremo upati, da bomodosegli trajnostno upravljanje krajine.construct in the present day, but this mentalconstruct joins us to our past and to our predecessors,and binds us to place, to our mental aswell as physical habitat.Public landscapes and future landscapeLandscape connects us to our past and to ourpredecessors, but taking only an aesthetic viewdoes not do full justice to this, another reminderthat the historical and archaeological disciplinesneed to lay a larger part on the landscape stage.Historic and archaeological methods, and themodels and narratives they produce, are not »extras«to landscape assessment but are essentialin order to contribute their particular viewpoints.There are an increasing number of »integrated«LCAs, for example, such as that recently competedfor the new South Downs National Park insouthern England in which a greater consciouseffort is made to bring together the three »main«strands of landscape – visual and amenity, ecologyand biodiversity, and history and archaeology.These are a good first step towards true inter-disciplinaryunderstanding, but in many waysthe journey has only just been started; the Convention’sinsistence that landscape is the objectof study of many disciplines, and not the domainof any single one, is perhaps one of the mostuseful parts of its guidance.The methods just outlined are of course scientificand expert to varying degrees; they mayencourage inter-disciplinarity but that is notenough without moving beyond academic, scientificor professional disciplines to the widerpublic, to involve citizens. It is not easy orstraightforward to stretch LCA or HLC to includepublic viewpoints, whether collective or individual,yet this is certainly essential if landscapeis to achieve its full democratic and social potential.Without people and their perceptions therecan be no »landscape« in the sense that the Conventiondefines it; without awareness of thepast, and of the works and activities – bothachievements and mistakes– we will fail to understand»landscape« and without understandingwe cannot begin to hope to achieve landscape’ssustainable management.Developing ways of ensuring that public viewsand perceptions are able to influence decisionmakingabout landscape’s future is therefore vitalto the success of the Convention. In England,there have been a few experiments. A few local