evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor

krajine kot demokratičnega koncepta oziromamanifestacije človekovih pravic hkrati pomenitudi, da moramo spoznati, da imamo krajine vlasti vsi (svoj dom, delovno mesto, mogočekrajino v našem spominu ali kraj, kjer smoodrasli).Območja krajine so lahko pomembna, meddrugim tudi s kulturnega vidika, ne glede na to,ali so jim dodeljene »strokovne« vrednote. Gre za»krajine posebnega pomena«, tudi čestrokovnjaki iz katere koli posamezne stroke neprepoznajo nobenih posebnih vrednosti,oziroma tudi v primeru, ko menijo da je krajina(na primer) preveč moderna, grda, neestetska alipreveč netradicionalna, da bi predstavljalakakršno koli vrednost. Vsi ti načini presojanjakrajine so do neke mere problematični,predvsem kadar se uporablja samo en samnačin presoje. Če vzamemo to zadnje dejstvokot primer, »tradicionalno« nima nikakršnegapomena za arheologe, ki se vedno zavedajominljivosti stvari in dejavnosti znotraj longuedurée; pred krajino, ki jo mi poimenujemotradicionalno, je vedno obstajala druga krajina.Današnja krajina bo za naše potomce sčasomaprav tako postala »tradicionalna«.Razprava v Ljubljani me je prav tako pripravila dotega, da sem ponovno ovrednotil pravilo, da nakrajino ni mogoče gledati enako kot na okolje,prav tako pa je ni mogoče enačiti z biotskoraznovrstnostjo ali naravo. Kmalu se bo pojavilpredlog, da nam lahko preučevanje krajinepomaga pri skrbi za te stvari, kot tudi priizboljšanju in zaščiti krajine same. Vendar pa jemogoče na krajino gledati tudi drugače in jo jezaradi tega treba obravnavati drugače. Lahkorečemo, da je miselno zgrajena iz »stvari«, samapo sebi pa ni materialni predmet, ki bi ga lahkozaščitili. Je predvsem sklop dojemanj, kitemeljijo na materialnih predmetih, tadojemanja pa so tako raznolika, kot je »živakrajina« sama. Krajina je živa (v smislu pogostouporabljenega izraza »živa krajina«) zaradidinamične in organske narave dojemanja ljudi,kot tudi dejstva (ali pa celo še bolj), da sonekateri izmed njenih sestavnih delov žive stvari,kot so rastline ali žive meje, mogoče pa je krajinaživa zaradi tega, ker se spreminja v fizičnemsmislu.Skrb za krajinoPrav zaradi tega ni nujno, da se varstvo aliupravljanje okolja smiselno nanaša tudi nademocratic concept, as a manifestation of humanrights, means amongst other things thatwe should also recognise that everyone possesseslandscapes (their home, where theywork, perhaps in their memory or the placewhere they grew up).Areas of landscape can be important and culturallysignificant whether or not they also have»expert« values attached to them. They are»landscape« even if specialists from any particulardiscipline do not recognise any particular values,scientific interest, or even if they consider alandscape (for example) too modern, or ugly andun-aesthetic, or too un-traditional to be deemedof value. All these ways of judging landscape areto some degree problematic, especially whenused in isolation. To take the latter as an example,»traditional« has virtually no meaning to archaeologistswho are always aware of the transienceof things and activities within the longuedurée; there was always a landscape before theone we might call tradition. Today’s landscapewill in time, for our descendants, come to appearto be »traditional« in its own right too.The discussion in Ljubljana also prompts me toreiterate the maxim that landscape can best beregarded as not the same as environment, norsynonymous with biodiversity or nature. It will besuggested in a moment that working throughlandscape can help us to look after these thingsas well as to improve and protect landscape itself.But landscape can be seen to be differentand therefore to need different treatment. It canbe said to be mentally constructed from»things«, but it is not itself a material object to beprotected. Rather it is a set of perceptions basedon material objects and those perceptions are asalive as the landscape itself. Landscape is alive(in the sense of the commonly-used term »livinglandscape«) because of the dynamic and organicnature of peoples’ perceptions as much as(or in fact more than) the fact that some of itscomponents are living things such as plants orhedges, or because landscape is living becauseit is changing in physical terms.Looking after landscapeTechniques of environmental protection or managementdo not therefore necessarily applymeaningfully to »landscape«. As normally carriedout, for example, the methods of EnvironmentalImpact Assessment are not easily transferable65Delavnica 1 / Workshop 1