evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor

Veščine usposabljanja javnosti za sodelovanjev postopkih odločanjaThe skills of training the public for participationin decision-making processes282Peter H. GoodchildDelavnica 4 / Workshop 4UvodNa začetku bom preučil pomen besed, ki souporabljene v naslovu teme, o kateri so meprosili, naj spregovorim. Če analiziramo naslov,besedo za besedo, ter jih potem spet sestavimo,kakšen je v resnici njihov pomen?IntroductionI would like to begin by examining some of thewords that are used in the title of the topic thatI have been asked to discuss. If we analyse thetitle, word by word, and then put it back togetheragain, what actually does it mean?VeščinePomen »veščin« je dokaj jasen. Lahko jihopredelimo kot praktične in miselne sposobnosti,ki so posebej dobro razvite.UsposabljanjeBeseda »usposabljanje« je bolj protislovna, kerse včasih uporablja tako, kot da je popolnomazamenljiva z »izobraževanjem«. Vendar besedi»usposabljanje« (angl. training) in »izobraževanje«predstavljata različna, a sorodna pojma.Vsi bi se strinjali, če razliko prikažemo tako, davsak lahko vzgoji (angl. train) sadno drevo alizdresira (angl. train) psa, vendar bi vsi mislili, daste malo čudaški, če bi ju poskušali izobraževati.Kakšna pa je temeljna razlika med pojmoma?Zdi se mi, da če nekaj vzgajaš ali usposabljaš,potem tisto usmerjaš ali spodbujaš, da seobnaša na določen in vnaprej načrtovan način.Pri ljudeh obnašanje, ki ga pridobijo zusposabljanjem, postane samodejno in o njemjim ni potrebno globoko razmišljati, če sploh, dabi ga lahko izvedli. Obnašanje, ki ga pridobimoz usposabljanjem, je do velike mere predvidljivoin to je lahko zelo dragoceno v razmerah inokoliščinah, ki sledijo določenemu rednemuvzorcu in so same po sebi zelo predvidljive. Čepa okoliščine postanejo nepredvidljive ali nove,SkillsThe meaning of »skills« is clear enough. We canthink of them as being practical and mental abilitiesthat are particularly well developed.TrainingThe word »training« is more ambivalent becauseit is sometimes used as if it is completely interchangeablewith »education«. However, the twowords »training« and »education«, represent differentbut related things. One can demonstratethe difference by pointing out that everyonewould agree that you can train a fruit tree or adog, but they would think you were rather eccentricif you tried to educate them. But what is theessential difference between them?It seems to me that if you train something youare making it or encouraging it to behave in aparticular and pre-planned way. With humans,the behaviour that they acquire through training,becomes automatic and they do not need tothink very hard, or at all, about it in order to doit. Behaviour that is acquired through training isto a large extent predictable and this can be veryvaluable in situations and circumstances thatfollow a regular pattern and are themselves fairlypredictable. But if the circumstances becomeunpredictable or new, the behaviour that is ac-