evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor
evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor
evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor
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276Delavnica 3 / Workshop 3Vpliv projekta se ponavadi razdeli v tri kategorije,ki jih tvorijo gradnja, obseg objekta <strong>in</strong> uporaba(obratovanje). Ti lahko neposredno ali posrednovplivajo na habitate <strong>in</strong> vrste.Vplivi na območja NATURA, ki nastajajotekom gradnjeZa te vplive obstajajo trije glavni vzroki. Vsi odnjih so prehodni, ker se končajo z <strong>za</strong>ključkomgradnje: območje, uporabljeno <strong>za</strong> gradbišče (naprimer poplavni gozdovi), motenje značilnih vrsts hrupom iz gradbišča <strong>in</strong> motenje habitatov zodtočno vodo iz gradbišča.Vplivi na območja NATURA, ki nastanejo<strong>za</strong>radi objektaVeč vplivov je posledica ceste same. Ti seobdržijo, dokler objekt obstaja. Med njimi soobmočje, uporabljeno <strong>za</strong> cestni nasip alipodporne zidove mostov, ter spremembahabitata pod mostovi. Končno je treba preučitivpliv ločitve vrst, posebno v habitatih, ki serazprostirajo vzdolž reke.Vplivi na območja NATURA, ki nastanejo<strong>za</strong>radi obratovanjaV času uporabe ceste pretok prometa <strong>in</strong>vzdrževanje cest vplivajo na sosednje habitate.Onesnaževala, kot so izpušni pl<strong>in</strong>i, snovi obrabe<strong>in</strong> ostanki klorida, ki jih povzroči širjenje zimskesoli, potujejo v okolje preko vode, zraka ali talnihpoti.Za živalske vrste sta hrup <strong>in</strong> svetlobnoonesnaževanje, ki ga povzroča promet, motečadejavnika. Vrste, ki prečkajo cesto, so lahkopoškodovane v prometni nesreči.6. Ukrepi <strong>za</strong> izboljšanje vplivov projekta nahabitate <strong>in</strong> vrste NATURA 2000Obstaja več tehnik <strong>za</strong> kar največje zmanjšanjepredvidenih vplivov. Postopki <strong>za</strong> ocenjevanje <strong>in</strong>zmanjšanje vpliva s tehničnimi izboljšavami siobičajno sledijo z roko v roki. Pri trenutnem deluso bili ukrepi razdeljeni v zmanjševanje delovanj,to so bile prve tehnične spremembe, ukrepe <strong>za</strong>omejitev škode, spremembe, ki so potrebne <strong>za</strong>zmanjšanje vpliva na območja, <strong>in</strong> ostali napredniukrepi.V nadaljevanju bodo omenjeni glavni ukrepi.Izvajanje teh ukrepov bo jamčil okoljskispremljevalni program.5. Impact Assessments on relevant NATURA2000 habitats and speciesRelevant habitats and species as units of the<strong>in</strong>vestigationIn the standard data form for two of the <strong>in</strong>vestigatedNATURA sites, four species and eighthabitats with several characteristic species arelisted as reason for the site’s protection. The resultsof mapp<strong>in</strong>gs and field studies were used toelim<strong>in</strong>ate those habitats which had obviously nooccurrence <strong>in</strong> the <strong>in</strong>vestigated area. These werefour of the habitats. In a second step the possibleimpact on the relevant habitats was assessed.Two species were elim<strong>in</strong>ated by thiss<strong>in</strong>ce the anticipated impact of the road couldnot be found to have significant <strong>in</strong>fluence. Therethen rema<strong>in</strong>ed four habitats and two speciesunder consideration.There are certa<strong>in</strong> goals for preservation dedicatedto all of these habitats and species. Theyare the benchmark for the follow<strong>in</strong>g impact assessment.The impact of a project is usually divided <strong>in</strong>tothree categories generated by the constructionprogress, the facility extent and the usage (operation).These may directly or <strong>in</strong>directly <strong>in</strong>fluencerelevant habitats or species.Construction-progress-caused impacts <strong>in</strong>NATURA sitesIn this section there are three ma<strong>in</strong> causes. Allof them are prelim<strong>in</strong>ary, as they end with thecompletion of the construction: the area usedfor the construction site (e. g. <strong>in</strong> floodpla<strong>in</strong>woods), the disturbance of characteristic speciesby noise from the construction site and thedisturbance of habitats by dra<strong>in</strong>age of wateraway from the construction site.Facility-caused impacts <strong>in</strong> NATURA sitesMore impact results from the road itself. Theserema<strong>in</strong> as long as the construction exists.Among these are the area used for the road damand bridge piers, the change to the habitat underthe bridges. F<strong>in</strong>ally the separation effect onspecies particularly <strong>in</strong> river-follow<strong>in</strong>g habitatsneeds consideration.Operation-caused impacts <strong>in</strong> NATURA sitesDur<strong>in</strong>g the operation of the road, the traffic flowand ma<strong>in</strong>tenance actions cause impact onneighbour<strong>in</strong>g habitats. The pollutants such asexhaust gas, abrasion substances, chloride re-