evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor

narečju, družbeni organizaciji, načinih kmetovanjain stavbni arhitekturi.Načrtovanje naselij (suburbaniziranih območij)pri preobrazbi krajineItalijanska krajina je doživela prelomnoreorganizacijo in preobrazbo v prvih petdesetihletih obdobja Republike. Danes se po velikipreobrazbi skorajda zdi, da je prišlo dodoločenega procesa utrjevanja italijanskegaozemlja; učinkovitega sistema suburbanizacije(znotraj katerega je manj opazno tradicionalnorazmerje med mestom in podeželjem), ki seuveljavlja pri oblikovanju krajine.Po štiridesetletnem obdobju – v katerem jeitalijanska krajina začela izgubljati svojokanonično podobo, da bi se ta ob koncupedesetih ponovno zgradila okoli desetihkmetijskih krajin (Stemi, Serene, Rossi Doria) inv sistemu izražanja mestne krajine, utemljenemna treh temeljnih redih ali položajih (mesto, ki senahaja v severnih in osrednjih delih dežele ter vjužnem delu, delitev hierarhičnega sistema v tritemeljne hierarhije, razlikovanje med velemestnimi-metropolitanskimiin nemetropolitanskimiobmočji) (Campagna, Gambi, študije za Projekt80...) – se danes nakazuje skupni opisitalijanskega ozemlja.Kljub strukturni pluralnosti in notranjikompleksnosti vsakega naselja, kjer se sistemiobjektov in prostorov, ki jim je težko slediti doenega samega reda, primerjajo bolj radikalnokot v preteklosti in kljub večji nestabilnosti indinamiki katere koli formalne lokalnekonfiguracije in zlasti kljub pomanjkanjutradicionalne, statične in perspektivne vizije, sevendar lahko skuša prepoznati pluralnostkrajine, opredeljene kot kompleksni kulturniproizvod različnih tipov razvoja, ki so potekali naitalijanskem ozemlju, ali kot materialnekonfiguracije, a tudi kot njihovi možni prikazi, kotproizvod prostorskih praks, pa tudi kot elementpogojevanja.Te različne krajine pa ne aludirajo na razlike videntititeti od ene regije do druge ali od enegamesta do drugega, temveč na »mesta«, ki kljubtemu da niso nacije (ki ohranjajo notranjopovezanost s pomočjo skupnega cilja) še vednoostajajo značilne (razločljive), prikazane kotstrukturirane arene, kjer različni prostori,proizvodi in prikazi vsi medsebojno delujejo,family and Ferrara in the times of the Estensedynasty.The system of the serragli and the ancient roadswas never destined to be a single entity for thewhole of the Burana valley since already at thattime (and later on permanently) the entire territorywas divided among independent States,which were often in open conflict with one another.It was an area in which the Gonzaga and Estefamilies, the Spanish and the Papal States, theAustrians and Estensi Dukes all fought forpower, each time leaving behind them the indeliblesigns of their own culture in the dialect, socialorganization, farming methods, and the architectureof the buildings.The design of settlements (suburbanised areas)in the transformation of the landscapeThe Italian landscape underwent one epochmakingreorganization and transformation in thefirst fifty years of the Republic period. Today followingon from this great transformation itwould seem that some process of consolidationof the Italian territory has emerged; an efficientsystem of suburbanisation (within which the traditionalrelationship between town and countryis less evident) which is establishing itself in theformation of the landscape.After a forty year period in which the canonicalimage of the Italian landscape diminished to berebuilt at the end of the fifties around ten agrarianlandscapes (Stems, Serene, Rossi Doria) andto a system of articulation of the city landscapefounded on three fundamental orderings or opposition(the city located in the northern andcentral parts of the country and that of thesouth, the division of the hierarchical system intothree fundamental hierarchies, the distinctionbetween metropolitan and non metropolitan areas)(Campagna, Gambi, studies for Project80…) today there are indications for a relativelyshared description of the Italian territory.In spite of the structural plurality and inner complexityof every settlement, where systems ofobjects and spaces difficult to trace back to asingle order are compared more radically than inthe past, and in spite of the greater instabilityand dynamism of any formal local configuration,and above all a lack of traditional, static and per-239Delavnica 3 / Workshop 3