evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor

238Delavnica 3 / Workshop 3Morfološke, družbene in zgodovinske značilnostiMelioracija območja se je bolj ali manj začela vrimskih časih, kot to potrjujejo sledi stoletnegarazvoja, najdene na območju na meji medprovincami Ferrara, Modena in Mantova (medSaint Martino in Spino in Pilastri, vzdolž FossaConfina), izvajala pa se je s postopki, ki so bili vrabi pred izumom in uporabo strojnih črpalk, t.j.z zamuljevanjem in gravitacijskim odvajanjemvode.Takšni postopki melioracije območij »polesini«so privedli v drugi polovici šestnajstega stoletjado gradnje zaščitnih brežin (iz tega tudi tudiizvira ime »serragli«) za vode, ki prihajajo iz višjihpredelov, in gradnje številnih kanalov zaizsuševanje, ki so vodo odvajali v vodne tokove:najprej v reko Panaro in zatem v reko Burano.Mreža območij Serragli je povezana zmorfološko močnimi že obstoječimi elementi,kot so dvigi terena, ki so nastali zaradizgodovinskih cest, ki so zmeraj predstavljaleobmočja poselitve za kopensko in obmorskoprebivalstvo, na robu velike ribolovne in dolinetrstja reke Burano.So zgodovinske ceste, po katerih je korakalarimska vojska, ki je šla po sledeh starih naselbinželezne dobe, ki potekajo od Vicus Varanius doVicus Serminus – t. j. trasi, ki jo je leta 175 predKristusom začrtal konzul Marco Emilo Lepidokot komplementarno cesto k Zerbinatski cesti.Kasneje so se uporabljale za prevoz soli, ki jeprihajala iz Commacchia in je bila namenjena vLombardijo; postale so poti za popotnike,menihe in trgovce med S. Benedettom,Nonantolo in Pomposo in nato med Mantovo začasa družine Gonzaga in Ferraro v obdobjudinastije d’Este.Sistemu serragli in antičnih cest ni bilo nikoliusojeno, da ostane edini sistem za celotnodolino reke Burano, saj je bilo že v tistih časih (inkasneje trajno) celotno ozemlje razdeljeno medneodvisne države, ki so bile pogosto v odkritemsporu druga z drugo.Bilo je območje, na katerem so se družineGonzaga in Este, španske in papeške državice,Avstrijci in vojvode d’Este vsi bojevali zaprevlado, pri čemer so vsakič za seboj puščalineizbrisljiva znamenja svoje lastne kulture v(the middle of the XIX century, approximately),that had an important role in the development ofthe human settlements, which, however, neversaw completion given the unhealthiness of theplaces, as well as in the organization of the sociallife of peoples who were dependent on »tradingby water«.It is not down to chance that the place names inthe most eastern areas of the province, locatedon the edge of the Valleys of Comacchio havetheir roots in words connected to »navigation«(port, river, banks etc.).Morphologic, social and historical featuresThe task of reclamation of the area was more orless begun in Roman times, as confirmed by thetraces of centenary evolution found in the areabordering between the provinces of Ferrara,Modena and Mantova (between Saint Martinoin Spino and Pilastri, along the Fossa Confina)which was carried out with the techniques inuse before the invention and implementation ofthe mechanical pumps: namely, silting up andoutflow by gravity.Such methods of reclamation of the »polesini«areas brought about, in the second half of thesixteenth century, the construction of districtbanks (from which derived the name of»serragli«) to safeguard the waters coming fromhigher territories, and the building of many sewagedrains flowing into the water courses: firstthe Panaro and then the Burana.The mesh of the Serragli is linked to morphologicallystrong pre-existing elements like the risingscaused by historical roads, which had alwaysbeen an area of settlement for land and seapopulations, on the edge of the large fishing andcanna valley of the Burana.They are historical roads along which the Romanarmy marched following the steps of the oldsites of the Iron Age going from Vicus Varianusto Vicus Serminus- the route devised in 175 a. c.by the consul Marco Emilio Lepido as a complimentaryroad to the Zerbinate road.They were then used for the transport of saltcoming from Comacchio and directed towardsLombardy; they become routes for the wayfarers,monks and merchants between S.Benedetto, Nonantola and Pomposa and thenbetween Mantova in the times of the Gonzaga