evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor

228Delavnica 3 / Workshop 3V. Smernice za ohranjanje dediščinskih kulturnihkrajinNamen smernic je predvsem podati orodja,usmeritve in pogoje za ohranjanje oziromadoseganje želenega stanja prepoznanih inovrednotenih dediščinskih kulturnih krajin.Smernice, s katerimi zagotavljamo nadzorovanrežim delovanja in ravnanja v prostoru, so zeloraznolike, saj se vključujejo v različne nivojeprogramskega in prostorskega načrtovanja odstrateških do izvedbenih ravni. Glede na naravonjihovega delovanja jih lahko razvrstimo vgrobem na tri skupine:1.) lokacijske; usmerjajo umeščanje novihrazvojnih posegov tako, da le-ti nepovzročajo razvrednotenja kulturnih krajin. Vkolikor se presodi, da razvojni poseg nimogoče umestiti v območje brez izgubeključnih elementov oz. vrednot, zaradi katerihje bila kulturna krajina prepoznana zakulturno dediščino, se s pomočjo smernicposeg preusmeri drugam.2.) strukturne; nanašajo se na vrednote, zaradikaterih je bila kulturna krajina prepoznana zakulturno dediščino. Njihov namen je skrbetiza vzdrževanje želene krajinske zgradbe, npr.:– značilnosti in posebnosti krajinske zgradbe(lastnosti krajinskih prvin: vode, vegetacije,reliefa in zakonitosti njihove razporeditve vprostoru),– značilnosti parcelne delitve in prostorskihrazmerij (strnjena naselja in stiki naselbin zobdelovalnimi površinami, prostorski poudarkiin drobna členjenost kmetijskih površin),– ohranitev kolikor mogoče nespremenjenegarazmerja med kulturami (travinje, njive,sadovnjaki, gozd),– preprečevanje zaraščanja kmetijskih površinin spreminjanja gozdih robov,– vzdrževanje antropogenih strukturnih prvin(terase, kamnite ograje, živice, ograje, kozolci,staje, seniki),– vzdrževanje zakonitosti obstoječega omrežjapoti in druge infrastrukture,– ohranjanje značilnih tradicionalnih stavboziroma gospodarskih poslopij, razmeščenihv krajini v njihovi izvirni postavitvi, velikosti terrabi (kozolci, stanovi, skednji, seniki,zidanice),– način povezave s stavbno in naselbinskodediščino (ohranitev robov poselitve, zaokrožanjeobstoječe strukture naselij, preprečevanjerazpršene pozidave),tic of it. It becomes a museum piece which onlymakes sense as an example of a past way of life,technology or characteristic. This method is onlysuitable for smaller areas in connection with anadditional educational, conservation or tourismprogramme (e. g. an open-air museum).The most realistic and vital choice is thereforethe third possibility, where we see the protectionand conservation of the cultural heritage landscapeabove all in the attempt, on the basis ofpreliminary analysis and evaluation and withproper understanding of the processes at workin a given landscape, to orient spatial developmentin a properly reasoned manner in such away that the essential landscape characteristicsthat define a landscape as a heritage landscapeare conserved. (Simič, 2004)Because the appearance of a cultural landscapeis shaped above all by the people who run it, effortsat conservation require the more activeparticipation of the local population, while measuresand instruments supporting developmentneed to be formulated through policies governingagriculture, forestry, settlement and ofcourse protection. Another major contribution tothe conservation of a cultural landscape cancome from tourism and promotion, which arebased on an emphasising of identity, diversityand genuineness.V. Guidelines for the conservation of culturalheritage landscapesThe purpose of these guidelines is to providetools, focuses and conditions for the conservationor achievement of the desired state of recognisedand evaluated cultural heritage landscapes.The guidelines through which we providea controlled regime of operation and actionin the environment are extremely varied, sincethey are included in various levels of programmeplanning and spatial planning ranging from thestrategic to the executive. They can be roughlydivided into three groups with regard to the natureof their operation:1.) locational; they direct the introduction ofnew development interventions in such away that these do not cause the devaluationof cultural landscapes. If it is judged that adevelopment intervention cannot be introducedin an area without the loss of key elementsor elements of value because ofwhich the cultural landscape is recognised