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evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor

evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor

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I. Pojem dedišč<strong>in</strong>ske kulturne kraj<strong>in</strong>eSvet Evrope poudarja, da je treba povsod vEvropi prepoznavati kulturno kraj<strong>in</strong>o kotpomemben vir naše evropske kulture, ter jo šteje<strong>za</strong> enega stebrov naše evropske <strong>in</strong>tegritete.Kulturna kraj<strong>in</strong>a je izraz tisočletnega delovanjačloveka v <strong>prostor</strong>u, viden <strong>za</strong>pis podeželskededišč<strong>in</strong>e, <strong>za</strong>pis dela <strong>in</strong> naporov več<strong>in</strong>eprebivalcev nekdanje Evrope ter najboljprepoznaven simbol evropske civili<strong>za</strong>cije.Poudarjen dedišč<strong>in</strong>ski značaj kulturne kraj<strong>in</strong>epomeni <strong>za</strong>htevo <strong>za</strong> njeno neposrednoohranjanje (Donaidieu, 1993; Dower, 1999).V Sloveniji dedišč<strong>in</strong>ske kulturne kraj<strong>in</strong>eopredeljuje <strong>in</strong> varuje Zakon o varstvu kulturnededišč<strong>in</strong>e (Ur. list RS, št. 7/99). Zakon govori okulturni dedišč<strong>in</strong>i kot o območjih <strong>in</strong> kompleksih,ohranjenih materializiranih delih kot rezultatuustvarjalnosti človeka, družbenega razvoja <strong>in</strong>dogajanj, katerih varstvo je <strong>za</strong>radi njihovegazgodov<strong>in</strong>skega, kulturnega <strong>in</strong> civili<strong>za</strong>cijskegapomena v javnem <strong>in</strong>teresu. Varstvo dedišč<strong>in</strong>e jeohranjanje materialnih <strong>in</strong> vseb<strong>in</strong>skih lastnostiobjektov <strong>in</strong> območij, skrb <strong>za</strong> njihovo celovitost <strong>in</strong>neokrnjenost ter poudarjanje <strong>in</strong> <strong>za</strong>gotavljanjepomena, ki ga imajo kot bistvena sestav<strong>in</strong>asodobnega življenja. Zakon poudarja, da jeohranjanje <strong>in</strong> varovanje dedišč<strong>in</strong>e skrb vseh <strong>in</strong>vsakogar ter da je treba dedišč<strong>in</strong>o ohranjati <strong>in</strong>varovati v vseh okolišč<strong>in</strong>ah.Podobno kot ICOMOS tudi Zakon o varstvukulturne dedišč<strong>in</strong>e med zvrstmi dedišč<strong>in</strong>eprepoznava:1. dedišč<strong>in</strong>o oblikovane narave - vrtnoarhitekturnodedišč<strong>in</strong>o kot objekte <strong>in</strong> območja, ki sourejeni z naravnimi <strong>in</strong> grajenimi prv<strong>in</strong>ami povrtnoarhitekturnih načelih. Vrtnoarhitekturnaureditev iz možnega rastl<strong>in</strong>skega gradivanačrtno izbere vrste <strong>in</strong> z načrtovano negousmerja njihov razvoj k <strong>za</strong>snovani podobi,praviloma polni simbolnih sporočil, ki nudičloveku varnost, udobje, umišljen svet alistatusni simbol. Pri vrtnoarhitekturni dedišč<strong>in</strong>ivarujemo zlasti:– oblikovno <strong>za</strong>snovo,– umestitev v širši <strong>prostor</strong>ski <strong>in</strong> zgodov<strong>in</strong>skikontekst,– značilno okolico <strong>in</strong> poglede.2. (dedišč<strong>in</strong>sko) kulturno kraj<strong>in</strong>o kot posebne(topografsko) razmejene dele kraj<strong>in</strong>e, ki sonastali s souč<strong>in</strong>kovanjem človeških <strong>in</strong>tion of our own identity and correspond<strong>in</strong>gmeasures <strong>in</strong> all spheres from strategic developmentthrough spatial plann<strong>in</strong>g to executive managementis the only way <strong>in</strong> which we will be ableto conserve them for generations to come.I. The concept of the cultural heritagelandscapeThe Council of Europe stresses that it is necessarythroughout Europe to recognise the culturallandscape as an important source of our Europeanculture and to consider it one of the pillarsof our European <strong>in</strong>tegrity. The cultural landscapeis the expression of human activity <strong>in</strong> the physicalenvironment over the course of thousands ofyears, the visible record of rural heritage, arecord of the work and efforts of the majority ofthe <strong>in</strong>habitants of the Europe of old, and themost recognisable symbol of European civilisation.This emphasis on the cultural landscape asheritage means a requirement to directly conserveit (Donaidieu, 1993; Dower, 1999).In Slovenia, cultural heritage landscapes aredef<strong>in</strong>ed and protected by the Cultural HeritageProtection Act (Official Gazette of the RS, no. 7/99). The Act def<strong>in</strong>es cultural heritage as areasand complexes and surviv<strong>in</strong>g materialised worksas the result of human creativity, social developmentand events, whose protection, ow<strong>in</strong>g totheir historic, cultural and civilisational importance,is <strong>in</strong> the public <strong>in</strong>terest. Heritage protection<strong>in</strong>volves preserv<strong>in</strong>g the material and <strong>in</strong>tr<strong>in</strong>sicproperties of structures and areas, ensur<strong>in</strong>gtheir completeness and <strong>in</strong>tegrity, and emphasis<strong>in</strong>gand guarantee<strong>in</strong>g the importance they haveas an essential component of contemporary life.The Act underl<strong>in</strong>es that the conservation andprotection of heritage is a matter that concernseach and every one of us and that heritage mustbe conserved and protected <strong>in</strong> all circumstances.Like ICOMOS, the Cultural Heritage ProtectionAct recognises the follow<strong>in</strong>g among types ofheritage:1. designed landscape as structures andareas <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g natural and built elementsarranged accord<strong>in</strong>g to landscape architecturepr<strong>in</strong>ciples. Landscape garden<strong>in</strong>g deliberatelychooses species from the possibleplant material and through deliberate tend<strong>in</strong>gdirects their development towards aplanned appearance, usually full of symbolic221Delavnica 3 / Workshop 3

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