evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor

152Delavnica 2 / Workshop 2trajnost (sustainability assessment), EvropskaUnija pa jo pri svojem delu in sprejemanjuzakonodaje uvaja kot presojo (impact assessment,ex-ante).Direktiva 2001/42/ES izhaja iz ciljev Pogodbeo ustanovitvi Evropske skupnosti, v kateri jedoločeno, da mora okoljska politika prispevatimed drugim k ohranjanju, varovanju inizboljšanju kakovosti okolja, varovanju zdravjaljudi ter preudarni in varčni rabi naravnih virov tertemeljiti na previdnostnem načelu.V leta 1993 sprejetem petem programu varstvaokolja: »Na poti k trajnosti«, ki je predstavljal programza politiko in ukrepanje v zvezi z okoljemin trajnostnim razvojem, je bil potrjen pomenpresojanja verjetnih okoljskih vplivov načrtov inprogramov, v nadaljnih programih pa jepoudarjen kot horizontalni instrument in edenizmed temeljnih aktov za uresničevanje okoljskepolitike. Seveda pa ni edini in pomeni le enegaizmed instrumentov za doseganje dobregastanja krajin, okolja, kulturne dediščine inprebivalstva in zdravja.2. Nekatere izkušnje v tujiniV prispevku omenjamo le nekaj primerovizkušenj izven Slovenije: Kanade, Anglije,Avstrije Belgije in Madžarske, saj temeljitaanaliza pristopov presega okvir predstavitve.Madžarska s svojim dokaj realističnimpristopom vzpostavlja trden sistem (Muller:2005), ki se zdi najbolj reprezentativen inprepoznaven od novih držav članic.Kanada ima zakonsko določeno celovito presojovplivov na okolje in veliko tradicijo metod zarazlična področja presoj, od upravljanja zvodami, kmetijstva, prostorskega načrtovanja indrugih področij in prednjači pri razvoju sistemav svetovnem merilu (IAIA: 2005).V Evropi je zaslediti različne pristope vezane natradicijo in razdrobljenost metod. Anglija gradina trdnem konceptu trajnostnega razvoja inposebej pozorno sledi okoljski del, ter o njempripravlja še posebno postopkovno poročilo,celovito presojo vplivov na okolje pa izvaja navečih ravneh (Therival v IAIA: 2005, PlaNet:2005). Kot zelo pomembno raven Anglija inBelgija izpostavljata regionalno raven, posebejza presojo transportnih sistemov inThe concept of integral assessment has alreadybeen in use in Slovenia, yet had a wider meaningthan listed in the Directive and included theassessment of impact on sustainable growth,economic, social and environmental goals.The European Union did not reach a consensusfor such a way of using the concept, but left it forfuture development of legislation and practice.Such an assessment is cited in documents assustainability assessment, while the EuropeanUnion introduces it in its activities and passingof the legislation as impact assessment, ex ante.The Directive 2001/42/EC is based on the goalsof the Treaty establishing the European Community,which states that environmental policy hasto contribute towards sustaining, protecting andimproving the quality of the environment, protectthe health of the people, using natural resourcesin a prudent and economical way and has to bebased on the principle of providence, amongother goals.The 1993-passed fifth environment protectionprogramme, entitled »Towards Sustainability«,was meant to be a programme for policies andmeasures regarding the environment and sustainablegrowth. It confirmed the importance ofassessing potential environmental impact ofplans and programmes, and is stressed in thenext programmes as a horizontal instrumentand one of the basic documents to implementenvironmental policy.Of course it is not the only one and presents justone of the instruments for achieving well-preservedlandscapes, environment, cultural heritage,inhabitants and health.2. Some practices of other countriesThe document only lists some practices fromabroad, namely from Canada, England, Austria,Belgium and Hungary, as a thorough analysis ofapproaches would exceed the scope of the presentation.Hungary’s fairly realistic approach enacts a solidsystem (Muller: 2005), which seems to be themost representative and recognizable of all thesystems instituted in new member states.Canada has a regulated integral environmentalimpact assessment, based on top of a long tra-