evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor

134Delavnica 2 / Workshop 2kmetijstva, prostorskega načrtovanja, regionalnegarazvoja, turizma in prometa najpomembnejšeukrepe, s katerimi vplivajo na kulturnokrajino.Kmetijska politika premore številne ukrepe, ki soza območje Alp posebej pomembni: podpore zakmetijska gospodarstva z omejenimi naravnimidejavniki kompenzirajo manjšo konkurenčnostkmetij zaradi naravnih danosti, kmetijsko-okoljskiukrepi pa podpirajo ekstenzivno, okoljsko varnokmetijstvo na manjših enotah. Ti ukrepipredvsem zagotavljajo dohodke iz kmetijstva inprispevajo k ohranjanju kmetovanja v Alpah. Vtem pogledu se zdi uravnoteženje slabihnaravnih danosti z denarnimi podporamiupravičeno in še naprej smiselno. Vendar pakoncept vitalnega podeželja zahteva ohranjanjekmetijstva kot gospodarske dejavnosti, zato jeključno, da se to omogoči tudi alpskimkmetijam. Ker je masovna proizvodnja mogočale na zelo redkih gospodarstvih, je treba iskatidruge možnosti za uveljavljanje na trgu.Povezovanje znotraj kmetijskih regij ter medkmetijstvom in drugimi sektorji je treba izboljšati.Priložnost je lahko navezava na turistični sektorv regiji in bližnja urbana središča, kar pa zahtevaprilagoditev ponudbe, predvsem v smeriorganskih in ekološko pridelanih produktov.Kmetijski politiki manjkajo predvseminovativnost, prostorski pristopi in boljdinamičen pogled na kulturno krajino in21. Prvi trend v alpskih krajinah: Koncentracija rabe v dolinah, s prepletom stanovanjskih, proizvodnih,in turističnih dejavnosti, prometne infrastrukture ter kmetijske rabe. (Fotomontaža: RegAlp)development;– protection areas for nature and culturallandscape.Despite the extensive survey of the existingknowledge about the impacts of policies on theinteractions between development and culturallandscape, it was evident that the evaluation ofpolicy effects was a very difficult task, due to thehigh complexity of the issue as well as to a lackof concepts, tools and data. One of the findingwas that in the presence of global economic(globalisation of markets), demographic (ageingof the population, immigrations) and naturalprocesses (climate change), the studied policiesare only to a very limited extent able to reduceunfavourable regional trends like spatial polarisationor segregation of land-use. However, thestudied policies can contribute to an attenuationof negative impacts, and may have some importanceon regional and local level. In this view,agricultural, spatial planning, regional development,tourism and transport policies seem to bethe ones with most important instruments toimpact cultural landscape.Agricultural policy provides several instruments,which are especially important for the alpinearea: the payments for less-favoured areas compensatethe natural competition disadvantagesof the alpine agriculture; agri-environmentalmeasures support the maintenance of an extensive,environmentally sound and small-scale alpineagriculture. These measures safeguard theagricultural incomes and contribute to the maintenanceof the agricultural cultivation of theAlps. Thus, the high financial support for alpineagriculture appears justified and the natural disadvantagesof mountain agriculture should befurther compensated. However, the concept ofa »vital countryside« requires keeping agriculturean economic activity, so the alpine agricultureneeds to be economically strengthened. Sincemass production is an option only for a very limitednumber of alpine farmers, the farmers inless favoured areas have to find additional opportunitiesto win their position in the market. Theregional tourism sector and nearby urban marketsmay be promising options but require adaptationof the supply. Organic farming and ecologicallysound forms of cultivation should thereforebe promoted. Furthermore, the developmentof rural regions and the co-operation betweenagriculture and the other sectors shouldbe enhanced. But innovative and territorial ap-