evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor

znotraj politik posameznih sektorjev. Nekajprimerov:– doseganje bolj uravnoteženega razvoja,– preprečevanje opuščanje in odseljevanje zobširnih območij,– omejevanje in učinkovito upravljanje zgoščevanjadejavnosti v dolinah,– ohranjanje in ponovno vzpostavljanje lokalneoskrbe in javnega prevoza ter določeneravni gospodarskih dejavnosti v predmestjihin spalnih naseljih,– oblikovanje razvojnih strategij za odmaknjenaobmočja, ki bi temeljile na “mehkem”turizmu, večfunkcionalnem kmetijstvu terzavarovanih območjih narave in krajinskihvrednot.Ukrepi za uresničevanje ciljevNa osnovi analize politik je bilo mogočeidentificirati šest glavnih pristopov k obravnavirazmerja med razvojem in kulturno krajino. Zavsak pristop so značilni določen cilj in vzvodidelovanja.Ti pristopi so:– prostorsko načrtovanje za usklajevanjerazvojnih potreb s krajinskimi danostmi;– podpore kmetijstvu za regionalni razvoj invzdrževanje kulturne krajine;– gozdarske politike za regionalni razvoj, kulturnokrajino in varstvo pred nesrečami;– podpora projektom, ki vključujejo kulturnokrajino, naravne in kulturne vire;– obnova in vzpostavitev infrastrukture zavzpodbujanje regionalnega razvoja;– zavarovana območja za varstvo naravne inkulturne krajine.Kljub izčrpnemu pregledu dostopnih virov se jekmalu pokazalo, da je vrednotenje vpliva politikna razmerje med razvojem in kulturno krajinozelo zahtevna naloga, tako zaradi zapletenostipredmeta obravnave, kakor tudi zaradipomanjkanja konceptov, orodij in podatkov. Enaod ugotovitev je pokazala, da imajo obprisotnosti globalnih gospodarskih (globalizacijatrgov), demografskih (staranje populacije,migracije) in naravnih procesov (klimatskespremembe) politike zgolj dokaj omejen vpliv napreusmerjanje negativnih trendov, kot stapolarizacija in neuravnotežena raba prostora.Vendar pa lahko javne politike pripomorejo kblaženju negativnih učinkov, kar je pomembnopredvsem na regionalni in lokalni ravni. V temsmislu premorejo politike na področjihThe overall findings of the policy analysis showhigh level of relevance, coherence andcomplementarity. However, this apparently goodpicture is based on rather global and non-operationalobjectives, and is restricted by several factors:a lack of co-ordination and co-operation,competition between different sectoral aims andinstruments, various deficiencies in implementationand a lack of territorial approaches. Suchdeficits are obvious in all policy fields and on alllevels from EU to local. Most instruments areoriented – in many cases rather exclusively –either towards regional development (in thesense of strengthening economy) or towardslandscape (in most cases with protective approaches).Furthermore, there are also policieslike economy and infrastructure strengthening,which barely take cultural landscape into account.On the other hand, the analysis of trends andevaluation of scenarios brought up the need formore cross-sectoral and integrative landscaperelated policy objectives, which could not becomprised in sectoral policies; such as:– to achieve a more balanced development,– to prevent abandonment and depopulationof large areas,– to attenuate and better manage the concentrationof activities in the valley floors,– to keep or introduce local services and publictransport networks as well as a level ofeconomic activities in the commuter areas,– to build development strategies in peripheralareas on soft tourism, multifunctional agricultureand protected areas with landscaperesources.Instruments for accomplishing the objectivesPolicy analysis identified six main policy approaches,dealing with the interrelation betweenregional development and cultural landscape.Each approach is characterized by specific objectiveand main levers of action. They are:– planning to conciliate regional developmentwith cultural landscape;– supporting agriculture for regional development and maintenance of cultural landscapes;– forestry policies for regional development,cultural landscapes and risk prevention;– supporting projects for cultural landscapesor using cultural and natural resources;– infrastructures for strengthening regional133Delavnica 2 / Workshop 2