evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor

114Delavnica 2 / Workshop 2Evropskim politikam sledi tudi proceskoncentracije in širjenja urbanizacije, kipredstavlja velik pritisk na okolje in obalnaobmočja. Širjenje urbanih središč navzvenpogosto prizadene gozdove, kmetijske in vodnepovršine, onemogoča pa tudi stik mesta innjegovih prebivalcev z naravnim zaledjem.Širitev urbanih središč lahko pomeni tudi izgubozelenih površin, ki so izrednega pomena zakakovost življenja v mestih.Kakovost krajineKrajina lahko prispeva k kulturni, ekološki,socialni in politični vrednosti. Evropska krajinskakonvencija opredeljuje kakovost krajine kot ciljčlovekovih oz. družbenih aktivnosti, ki izhaja izlastnosti posameznih krajinskih območij in jehkrati usmerjen k želeni kakovosti v prihodnosti.Kakovostna krajina predstavlja notranjipotencial, ki ga lahko posamezne regijeizkoristijo pri gospodarskem razvoju. Način, kakoupravljamo z območji, ustvarja in ohranja živekrajine, ki jih ljudje cenijo in želijo uživati, bodisida v njih živijo ali jih obiskujejo. V Angliji npr.rekreacija na podeželju in turizem ustvarjata 14bilijonov funtov na leto, kar predstavljapomemben gospodarski vir in osnovo 7 .Kakovost krajine je v veliki meri subjektivnoobčutje posameznikov ali skupin, ki pa ga lahkoprikažemo na objektiviziran način. Cilji kakovostiThe tourism is activity, which has experiencedthe most significant growth in the last couple ofdecades and became the strongest industrialbranch in Europe 6 . The Europe is the most visitedtourist region in the world with approximately60 % of all tourists’ visits. It is not likelythat the pressure will decrease, but the flowsand priorities may change. Traffic infrastructure,nature, cultural heritage are the main potentialsfor tourism. Attractiveness of the environment(49%) and climate (45%) are the deciding factorfor tourists’ choice. In the coastal areas of Europethis represents strong pressure on the environmentand the landscape and can endangerthe quality of the coastal landscapes.European policies are followed by the process ofconcentration and spread of urbanisation, whichrepresents big pressure on the environment andcoastal areas. The forests, agricultural land,waters and urban green, which are vitally importantfor living quality in the cities, usually sufferfrom spreading the urbanisation.Landscape qualityThe European Landscape Convention identifiesdifferent levels of value that landscape can contributeto: a cultural, ecological, social and politicalvalue. European landscape convention defineslandscape quality as the goal of humanand societal activities, which derives from thecharacteristics of individual landscape areas andis directed to desired quality in the future at thesame time.The quality landscape represents the endogenouspotential, which can be taken as advantagefor economic development by individualregions. The way that the land is managed createsand maintains living landscapes that peoplevalue and want to enjoy, whether to live or simplyvisit. In England, rural recreation and tourismalone generate 14 billion pounds per annum forthe national economy 7 .The experience of landscape quality is to highdegree subjective feeling of the individuals orgroups, but the quality components can be describedobjectively. The landscape quality goalsare closely tied to human relationship with his orglobal environment. More he feels responsiblefor the environment, higher, we would expect,are his expectations regarding the landscapequality. The concept of landscape quality is not20. Solkanski mostThe Bridge of Solkan