evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor

Tudi študija »Krajinska kvaliteta v Evropi« 5 , ki seje osredotočila na podeželske krajine in na problemintenzifikacije kmetijstva v skladu sEvropsko Skupno kmetijsko politiko (CAP),ocenjuje, da CAP negativno vplivala na krajine.Vplivala je namreč na izgubo gozdnih prvin, ki sopomembna ekološka sestavina in veliki merivplivajo na kvaliteto krajine. Na Nizozemskem jeintenzifikacija kmetijstva trajala od konca 1800,po drugi svetovni vojni pa se je ta proces šestopnjeval in imel povečan učinek na krajino inizgubo gozdnih prvin.Vpliv naravovarstvene politike – NATURA 2000bi lahko ocenili kot pozitivno, saj prispeva kohranjanju raznovrstnosti krajin, čeprav seosredotoča predvsem na biotske vidike pestrostiv krajini. Omejevanje razvoja na območjihNATURA 2000, posebno, kadar gre za velikaobmočja, lahko pomeni hromitev gospodarskemoči posameznih regij, po drugi strani pa vizrazito obremenjenih območjih, kot je npr.Nizozemska, lahko to prispeva pozitivne učinkena kakovost okolja in krajine.Učinki evropske prometne politike so dvojni: naeni strani se povečuje dostopnost, kar prispevak prostorski koheziji, na drugi strani pa smopriča fragmentaciji krajinskih območij, karnegativno vpliva na ekološko kakovost krajine.Problem predstavlja tudi povečevanje tranzitnegacestnega prometa in povečana uporabaosebnih avtomobilov, kar negativno vpliva nakakovost zraka in s tem posredno na bivalnekakovost krajine.Turizem je dejavnost, ki je v zadnjih desetletjihdoživela najizrazitejši porast in je v Evropi postalanajmočnejša industrijska panoga 6 . Evropa jenajbolj obiskana turistična regija na svetu spribližno 60 % vseh turističnih obiskov. Nipričakovati, da se bo pritisk v prihodnje zmanjšal,vendar se bodo spreminjali tokovi in prioritete.Prometna infrastruktura, naravna, kulturnadediščina so glavni turistični potenciali.Privlačnost okolja (49%) in klima (45%) staodločilni merili pri izbiri turističnega cilja. Vobalnih območjih Evrope to predstavlja močanpritisk na okolje in krajino in potencialno nevarnostza poslabšanje kakovosti teh območij.policy, seen from European level, are spatiallydevastating. In the case of Slovenia, which succeededto put into force agri-environmental program,such an assessment could be arguedabout. Loss of agricultural land in Slovenia, especiallyin the remote mountainous areas wouldhave been drastically if there had not been thesemeasures. The agri-environmental program haspositive effect on conservation of landscapetypes, especially in the areas which are less interestingfor market oriented agricultural production.The study »Landscape Quality in Europe« 5 , whichhas concentrated on rural landscapes and theproblem of intensification of agriculture as implementationof Common agricultural policy,assess that CAP has have negative impact onlandscape. It has caused the loss of wooden elements,which are important ecological elementsof the landscape and has thus influencedthe landscape quality. The intensification of theagricultural in the Netherlands has taken placefrom 1800 and has accelerated after 2 nd WorldWar which has brought the increased impact onlandscape and loss of wooded elements.The influence of the nature conservation policy– NATURA 2000 could be assessed as positive.It contributes to conservation of diverse landscapes,although it focuses mostly on biotic aspectsof diversity in the landscape. The restrictionof the development in the NATURA 2000areas, especially in the case of bigger protectedareas, may decrease the economic power in individualregions, but can have positive effects onthe quality of the environment and landscape,especially in the areas with heavy industrialisation.The effects of the European transport policy aretwofold: on the one hand the accessibility is increasing,which contributes to the territorial cohesion,on the other hand we witness the landscapefragmentation which has negative impacton ecological quality of the landscape. The problemis also increase of transit freight road transportand growth of use of cars. This has negativeimpact on the air quality and indirectly influencesthe quality of landscape for living.113Delavnica 2 / Workshop 23European Landscape CLassification, ALTERRA, Wageningen, 20054Unseen Europe, A survey of EU politics and its impacts on spatial development in the Netherlands, Netherland Institute for Spatial Planning, Rotterdam,20045glej 2 see 26glej 1 see 1