evropska konvencija o krajini - Ministrstvo za infrastrukturo in prostor

oblikujejo krajino, podvrženi neprestanimspremembam, so krajine dinamični sistemi.Podvrženi so prilagajanju razvojnim potrebamdružbe, nanje pa vplivajo tudi družbenivrednostni sistemi, ki se prav tako spreminjajo.Predlog Evropske ustave med osnovne ciljepoleg gospodarske in socialne kohezije uvrščatudi prostorsko kohezijo 1 . Predstavlja prostorskividik socialne in ekonomske kohezije, od obehpa se razlikuje po tem, da se nanaša naprostorske celote in njihova medsebojna razmerja.Doseganje prostorske kohezije pomenizmanjševanje razlik med območji s krepitvijonotranjih potencialov, kar na eni strani vključujekoncept enakosti in uravnoteženosti, na drugistrani pa krepitve prostorskih razvojnihpotencialov in zviševanje kakovosti življenja.Udejanja se preko sistema policentričnegaurbanega razvoja.Krajina ima integrativni potencial 2 , ker povezujein združuje različne družbene aktivnosti nadoločenem območju. Integrativni potencialkrajine lahko prispeva k večanju prostorskekohezije s povezovanjem urbanih in podeželskihobmočij v okviru opredeljenih ciljev kakovostikrajine.Spremembe krajineEvropska zakonodaja se ne nanaša neposrednona krajino. Krajina je deloma zajeta v konceptubiodiverzitete in sicer kot krajinska pestrost,vendar ta vključuje predvsem biotske vidike, nakatere vpliva primarna raba prostora, ne pa tudikulturnih in simbolnih pomenov (Strategija Pan– Evropske biotske in krajinske diverzitete). Ti soobravnavani v okviru prostorske ali varstvenezakonodaje držav članic.Po drugi strani pa Evropska unija na področjuokolja uvaja instrumente, ki so namenjeni presojivplivov planov na okolje, kot sta strateškapresoja vplivov na okolje, kulturno dediščino inkrajino in projektna presoja vplivov na okolje.Glede na veliko raznolikost krajin in načrtovalskihpraks je vprašanje, ali imamo primerljivestandarde za presojo krajine. To je še posebejpomembno vprašanje pri udejanjanju projektovali načrtov na transnacionalni ravni. NaEvropski ravni je bil zasnovan projekt Evropskemanner. The human and natural processeswhich shape the landscape are in constantchange which makes the landscapes dynamicsystems. They are being adapted to the societaldevelopmental needs and influenced also bysocietal system of values, which is graduallychanging as well.Among the basic aims of the proposal of EuropeanConstitution along with the economic andsocial cohesion one finds territorial cohesion 1 . Itrepresents the spatial aspect of economic andsocial cohesion; it differs from both for it is attributedto the spatial units and their spatial relations.Reaching territorial cohesion means decreasingthe differences among the territories bystrengthening endogenous potentials; this, onone hand includes the concept of equity andbalance and on other hand the strengthening ofterritorial development potentials and increasingof the quality of life. The territorial cohesion is implementingwith the polycentric system.The landscape has and integrative potential 2 ,because it ties and combines different socialactivities in the specific area. Integrative potentialof landscape can contribute to increase territorialcohesion by connecting urban and ruralareas in the framework of landscape quality objectives.The landscape changeThe European legislation does not refer to landscapedirectly. The landscape is partly includedin the biodiversity concept, namely as landscapediversity. The landscape diversity includes bioticaspects, which is influenced by primary land use,but does not include the cultural and symbolicones. The cultural and symbolic aspects of thelandscapes are referred to in spatial or conservationlegislation of the member states.Although there is no European binding legislationto cover directly this field, the Europeancommunity introduced environmental instruments,which are used for assessment of theimpact of the plans on the environment, culturalheritage and landscape. These are Environmentalstrategic assessment and assessment of singleprojects.111Delavnica 2 / Workshop 21Golobič, M.: Prostorski vplivi sektorskih politik, Ljubljana, 20062Landscape Quality in Europe, EPCEM 2002-2, Amsterdam