School And Community Adult, Child & Infant CPR

School and CommunityAdult, Child &Infant CPRJamie HedrickInstructor Trainer

House Keeping•Fire Exits (Where are they?)•Bathrooms (Where are they?)•Policy on Eating, Drinking, and/orsmoking during class•Please turn Cell phones on silentduring class•Please review the section titled“Health Precautions and GuidelinesDuring Training: on page xi of theyour manual.

House KeepingDuring this course….•If you have questions...please ask them•If you have comments...please give them•If you have relevant experiences...pleaseshare them

Course Outline•Lesson 1: Before Giving Care•Lesson 2: Checking an Ill or InjuredPerson•Lesson 3: Breathing Emergenciesand Conscious Choking – Adult,Child or Infant•Lesson 4: Rescue Breathing – Childor Infant•Lesson 5: The Cardiac Chain ofSurvival and Cardiac Emergencies•Lesson 6: CPR and UnconsciousChoking – Adult, Child or Infant

Lesson 1-Before Give CareObjectives•Know how to identify and respond to anemergency•Know the three emergency action steps.•Know the purpose of Good Samaritan Laws•Identify the difference between consent andimplied consent•Identify when and how to move an ill orinjured person•Identify how to minimize the risk of diseasetransmission

Recognizing and Responding to an Emergency•By recognizing an emergency and takingimmediate action to help, you give a suddenlyill or injured person the best chance forsurvival•Emergencies can often be recognizedbecause of unusual sights, appearances,behaviors, odors or noises

Recognizing and Responding to an EmergencyAs you watch the following video closelyobserve the actions and behaviors of thepeople involved.Turn to page2 of yourbook--VIDEO—Deciding to Act

Recognizing and Responding to an Emergency•What were some examples in the video of people usingtheir senses to recognize the emergency?

Recognizing and Responding to an Emergency•What were some examples in the video of people usingtheir senses to recognize the emergency?•Unusual Sights*Blood *Smoke or Fire *Broken Items•Unusual Appearance*Person is noticeably uncomfortable*Person is unconscious•Unusual Odors*Gasoline *Natural Gas *Smoke•Unusual Noises*Screaming*An Explosion*Glass Breaking*Tires Screeching

Overcoming Barriers to Act•There are many reasons why bystanders donot get involved in an emergency situation•It is normal to feel hesitant or unsure aboutwhat to doTurn to page3-6 of yourbook

Overcoming Barriers to Act•What are some reasons people are afraid toact?

Overcoming Barriers to Act•What are some reasons people are afraid toact?

Overcoming Barriers to Act•What are some reasons people are afraid toact?•Uncertainty about the person’s condition•Fear of catching a disease•Fear of doing something wrong•Fear of being sued

Good Samaritan LawsAll states of enacted Good Samaritan laws toprotect people who voluntarily give emergencycare, without accepting anything in return.Turn to page7-9 of yourbook•These laws, which differ from state to state,may protect you from legal liability as long asyou –•Act in Good Faith•Are not negligent•Act within the scope of your training•You must obtain consent to help an ill orinjured person

Obtaining Consent•To obtain Consent –•State your Name•Tell the person you are trained in First Aid•Ask the person if you can help•Explain what you think may be wrong•Explain what you plan to do•If a person refuses care, at least call 911 or the localemergency number.•A person who is unconscious, confused or seriouslyill may not be able to grant consent. In such cases,consent is implied.•If the person is a minor, get consent from a parentor guardian, if present; otherwise consent is implied.

Preventing Disease Transmission•What precautions could you take to protectyourself from disease transmission?•Avoid Direct Contact with –•Blood•Body FluidsTurn to page5-6 of yourbook•Use Protective Equipment, such as –•Disposable gloves•CPR Breathing barriers (such as faceshields and resuscitation masks)•Wash your hands immediately after care.

Emergency Action steps•Always follow the emergency action steps –•CHECK – the scene for safety thenTurn to page16-20 ofyour book•CHECK the victim for life-threatening conditions.•CALL – 911 or the local emergency #•CARE – for the ill or injured person

Emergency Action steps•If you are alone, you must decide to Call Firstor Care First•Call First before giving care for –•An unconscious adult or adolescent age 12 orolder•A witnessed sudden collapse of a child or infant•An unconscious infant or child known to be at ahigh risk for heart problems•Care First (give 2 minutes of care, then call 911)•An un-witnessed collapse of an unconsciousperson younger than age 12•Any victim of a drowning

Turn to page18 of yourbookIdentifying Life-Threatening ConditionsAt times, you may be unsure if EMSpersonnel are needed. Your first aidtraining will help you make this decision.In general you will call 911 or the localemergency number if the person—•Is or becomes unconscious.•Has trouble breathing or is breathing in astrange way.•Has chest discomfort, pain or pressurethat persists for more than 3 to 5 minutesor that goes away and comes back.•Is bleeding severely.•Has severe (critical) burns.•Has pressure or pain in the abdomen that does not go away.•Is vomiting blood or passing blood.•Has a seizure that lasts more that 5 minutes or has multipleseizures.

Identifying Life-Threatening Conditions•Has seizure and is pregnant or is a diabetic.•Fails to regain consciousness after a seizure.•Has sudden severe headache or slurred speech.•Appears to have been poisoned.•Has injuries to the head, neck and back.•Has possible broken bones.Also call for any of these situations:•Fire or explosion.•Downed electrical wires.•Swiftly moving or rapidly rising water.•Presence of poisonous gas•Motor vehicle collisions.

Emergency Action Steps•Usually when you give first aid, you will notface hazards that require moving the personimmediately•Moving a person can lead to further injury.•You should move a person only when youcan do so safely and when there is animmediate danger.

Before Giving Care•Remember, as a responder, you play a criticalrole when an emergency occurs. Your actionscan help save a life.•What are the emergency actions steps?•CHECK•CALL•CARE

Cardiac Chain of Survival

Lesson 2-Checking an Ill or Injured PersonObjectives•Identify the signals of shock and describehow t minimize its effects.•Identify life-threatening and non-lifethreateningconditions.•Demonstrate how to check a consciousperson for life-threatening and non-lifethreateningconditions.•Demonstrate how to check an unconsciousperson for life-threatening and non-lifethreateningconditions.

Checking an Ill or Injured PersonWhen you reach an ill or injured person, checkfirst for life-threatening conditions such asunconsciousness. In many emergencies thiswill be obvious but in some situations you maynot be able to tell.Turn to page30-32 ofyour bookIf you are not sure whether someone isunconscious, tap him or her on the shoulderand ask if he or she is okay. Use the person’sname if you know it.Speak loudly!

Checking an Ill or Injured PersonIf you are not sure whether and infant isunconscious, check by flicking the bottom ofthe infant’s foot and/or tapping the infant’sshoulders and shout to see if the infantresponds.If the person does not respond to you, assumethat he or she is unconscious. Have someonecall 911 or the local emergency number.

Checking a Conscious Adult•For purpose of first aid care, and “adult” is defined asomeone who is about 12 years of age or older.•After checking the scene, you should check theadult first for life-threatening conditions.•Some conditions may become life threatening ifnot recognized and cared for early.Turn to page30-32 ofyour book•Obtain consent to give care.•A heat-to-toe examination should be done to checka conscious adult.•Care for the person based on the conditions found.•Take steps to minimize shock.

Checking a Conscious PersonStep 1CHECK the scene, then CHECK theperson.Step 2Obtain ConsentTurn to page36-38 ofyour bookStep 3CALL 911 or the local emergency numberfor life-threatening conditions.Step 4Ask the person—•What is your name?•What happened?•Where do you feel pain or discomfort?•Do you have any allergies?•Do you have any medical conditions?•Are you taking any medications?

Checking a Conscious PersonStep 5CHECK head to toe for –•Bleeding, fluids or wounds.•Skin color and temperature.•Medical ID bracelets andnecklaces.•Observable signals of pain.(Tip; For infants andchildren, check from towto head. Do not separatethem from parent orguardian.)Step 6Continue to monitor Airway,Breathing and Circulation(ABCs).

Checking a Conscious Child or Infant•For purpose of first aid, a “child” is defined as someonewho is 1 to 12 years old (school age).•For the use of pediatric AED equipment, a child issomeone between the ages of 1 and 8 or weighing lessthan 55 pounds.•For purposes of first aid, an “infant” is defined assomeone who is less than 1 year old.Turn to page30-32 ofyour book•After checking the scene, you should check the child firstfor life-threatening conditions.•Some conditions may become life threatening if notrecognized and cared for early.

Checking a Conscious Child or InfantObtain consent to give care from parent or guardian, ifpresent.•Checking the conscious child or infant from toe to head.It is less threatening and lets the child watch and take part.Position yourself directly in front of the child, at eye level.•Be calm and reassuring to the child and parent orguardian.-VIDEO-Checking a Conscious & Unconscious Adult, Child & Infant

Recognizing and Caring for ShockWhat is shock?Turn to page34-35 ofyour book•Shock is a life-threateningcondition in which not enoughblood is being delivered to allparts of the body and can resultfrom injury or illness.

Recognizing ShockShock is likely to develop after any seriousinjury or illness including severe bleeding,serious internal injury, significant fluid loss orother conditions.•A person showing signals of shock needsimmediate medical attention.•Body systems and organs begin to fail.•The goals of First Aid are to get help quicklyand give care to minimize shock while caringfor the illness or injury.

Signs of Shock•Restlessness or irritability.•Altered level of consciousness.•Nausea or vomiting.•Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin.•Rapid breathing and pulse.•Excessive thirst.

Caring for Shock•Call 911 or the local emergency numberimmediately. Shock cannot be managedeffectively by first aid alone. A person sufferingfrom shock requires emergency medical careas soon as possible.•Have the person lie down. This is often themost comfortable position. Help the personrest comfortably is important because pain canintensify the body’s stress and speed up theprogression of shock. Helping the person restin a more comfortable position may lessen anypain.

Caring for Shock•Control any external bleeding.•Elevate the person’s legs about 12 inches,unless you suspect head, neck or back injuriesor possible broken bones involving the hips orlegs. If you are unsure of the person’scondition, leave him or her lying flat.

Checking an Unconscious Child or Infant•After checking the scene and obtaining consent to givecare, you should check the child or infant first for lifethreateningconditions.•One way to remember what to check for is “ABC”(Airway, Breathing and Circulation).Turn to page32-34 ofyour book•To find out if the heart is beating, an additional check forsigns of life includes checking for a pulse in the child orinfant.•To check for a pulse in a child you would need to feel fora carotid pulse.

Checking an Unconscious Child or Infant•To find the carotid pulse, place your fingerson the middle of the throat and slide yourfingers into the groove on the neck. Feel forthe pulse on the side of the child’s neckcloser to you.•To check for a pulse in an infant, you wouldneed to feel for a brachial pulse.•When checking for a brachial pulse placeyour index and middle fingers on the middleof the inner arm between the elbow and theshoulder when the arm is raised.

Checking a Unconscious AdultStep 1CHECK scene, then CHECK person.Step 2Tap shoulder and shout, “are you okay?”Step 3No response, CALL 911 or your local emergency number.Turn to page39 of yourbookStep 4Open airway (tilt head, lift chin), CHECKfor signs of life (movement and breathing)for no more than 10 seconds.Step 5If no breathing, give 2 rescue breaths.Steps 6If breathing, place in recovery position andmonitor Airway, Breathing and Circulation.If breaths go in – Quickly scan the body for severe bleeding and get intoposition to perform CPR or use an AED.

Checking a Unconscious ChildStep 1CHECK scene, then CHECK child.Step 2Obtain consent from parent orguardian, if present.Step 3Tap shoulder and shout, “Are you okay?”Turn to page40-41 ofyour bookStep 4No response, CALL 911 or your local emergency number.If alone—•Give about 2 minutes of CARE.•Then CALL 911 or the emergency number.Step 5Open airway (tilt head, lift chin), CHECK for signs of life(movement and breathing) for no more than 10 seconds.

Checking a Unconscious ChildStep 6If no breathing, give 2 rescuebreaths.Step 7If breaths go in, CHECK for pulse(and severe bleeding).Step 8If breathing, place is recoveryposition and monitor ABCs.If breaths do not go in—Give carefor unconscious choking.If pulse, but no breathing—Giverescue breathing.Or If no pulse—give CPR or use anAED.

Checking a Unconscious InfantStep 7If no breathing, give 2 rescuebreaths.Step 8If breaths go in, CHECK for pulse(and severe bleeding).Turn to page42-43 ofyour bookStep 9If breathing, place in recoveryposition and monitor ABCs.If breaths do not go in—Give care for unconscious choking.If pulse, but no breathing– Give rescuebreathingOr If no pulse—give CPR.

Checking a Unconscious InfantStep 1CHECK scene, then CHECK infant.Step 2Obtain consent from parent or guardian, ifpresent.Step 3Flick foot or tap shoulder and shout, “Areyou okay?”Step 4No response, CALL 911 or the local emergency number.If alone—•Give about 2 minutes of CARE.•Then CALL 911 or local emergency number.Step 5If an unconscious infant is face-down roll face-up supporthead, neck and back.Step 6Open airway (tilt head, lift chin) CHECK for signs of life(movement and breathing) for no more than 10 seconds.

Rescue Breathing Adult-VIDEO-How to give Rescue Breaths -- AdultTurn to page63 of yourbook

Rescue Breathing AdultStep 1Tilt head and lift chin, then pinch the noseshut.Step 2Take a breath and make a complete sealover the person’s mouth.Step 3Blow in to make chest clearly rise.Turn to page63 of yourbook(TIP: Each rescue breath shouldlast about 1 second.)If breaths go in—Give CPR or use an AED.If breaths do not go in—Give care for unconscious choking.

Life-Threatening Conditions•Unconsciousness•Not breathing or having troublebreathing•Choking•Persistent chest pain•No signs of life (movement orbreathing)•Severe burns•Shock

Lesson 3-Breathing EmergenciesObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you will know --•Prevention strategies to decrease the riskof breathing emergencies•The signals of breathing emergencies•Demonstrate how to care for a consciouschoking person

Breathing Emergencies•A breathing emergency occurs when a person ishaving trouble breathing or cannot breathe at all.•There are different conditions that may cause abreathing emergency including injury, illness, ordiseaseTurn to page47 of yourbook•Breathing emergencies caused by asthma canbe prevents by the person following his or herphysician’s guidance and taking prescribedmedications•Breathing emergencies related to allergicreactions can be prevents by recognizing thefirst signals of an allergic reaction and gettinghelp immediately.

Signals of Breathing Emergencies•Trouble breathing•Slow or rapid breathing•Unusually deep or shallowbreathing•Gasping for breath•Wheezing, gurgling or makinghigh-pitched noises•Unusually moist or cool skin•Flushed, pale, ashen or bluish skincolor•Shortness of breath•Dizziness or lightheadedness•Pain in the chest or tingling inhands, feet or lips•Apprehensive or fearful feelings

Conscious Choking•Choking is a breathing emergency that can lead to deathTurn to page49-50 ofyour book•Common Causes of Choking include –•Trying to swallow large pieces of poorly chewed food•Drinking alcohol before or during meals•Wearing dentures•Eating while talking excitedly or laughing, or eating tofast•Walking, playing or running with food or objects in themouth•A person with a partial airway obstruction can still moveair to and from the lungs, so he or she can cough inattempt to dislodge the object.•A person with a complete airway obstruction is unable tocough, speak or breathe.•A person who is choking may clutch at his or her throat.This gesture is known as the universal sign of choking.

Conscious Choking-- Video –Conscious Choking Adult, Child & Infant**As you practice with your partner the propertechniques be sure to simulate giving backblows and abdominal thrust.**

Conscious Choking•Choking is a breathing emergency that can lead todeath if not cared for immediately.•What actions do I perform if I find an adult victimwho can not talk, cough or breathe?•5 Back Blows•5 Abdominal Thrust•What actions do I perform if I find an child who iscoughing forcefully?•Encourage coughing and at any point they stopcoughing and can no longer talk, cough or breathe Ido 5 Back Blows and 5 Abdominal Thrust.•What actions do I perform if I find an infant who cannot talk, cough or breathe?•5 Back Blows•5 Chest Thrusts

Conscious Choking AdultStep 1CHECK scene, then CHECK personStep 2Have someone CALL 911 or local emergencynumberStep 3Obtain consentStep 4Lean the person forward and give 5 back blowswith the heel of your handTurn to page60 of yourbookStep 5Give 5 quick, upward abdominal thrusts(Give chest thrusts to a choking person who is pregnant or toobig for you to reach around.)Step6Continue back blows and abdominal thrusts until—Object is forced outPerson can breathe or cough forcefullyPerson becomes unconscious

Conscious Choking ChildTurn to page61 of yourbookStep 1CHECK scene, then CHECK personStep 2Have someone CALL 911 or local emergencynumberStep 3Obtain consent from parent or guardian, ifpresentStep 4Lean the person forward and give 5 back blowswith the heel of your handStep 5Give 5 quick, upward abdominal thrusts(For a child, stand or kneel behind the child depending on his orher size.)Step 6Continue back blows and abdominal thrustsuntil—Object is forced outPerson can breathe or cough forcefullyPerson becomes unconscious

Conscious Choking InfantStep 1CHECK scene, then CHECK personStep 2Have someone CALL 911 or localemergency numberStep 3Obtain consent from parent or guardian, ifpresentStep 4Give 5 back blows with the heel of your handTurn to page62 of yourbookStep 5Give 5 chest thrusts(Hold head and neck securely when giving back blowsand chest thrust.)Step 6Continue back blows and abdominalthrusts until—Object is forced outPerson can breathe or cough forcefullyPerson becomes unconscious

Lesson 4-Rescue Breathing Child or InfantObjectives•How to recognize when a person hasstopped breathing.•Demonstrate how to give rescue breathing.

Rescue Breathing Child•Rescue breathing is a process of breathing air into achild who is not breathing.•This condition is commonly caused by injury, illnessor choking.Turn to page52-53 ofyour book•When giving rescue breathing to a child, give 1breath every 3 seconds and check for signs of lifeabout every minute.•Each rescue breath should last about 1 second. Witheach breath, watch the chest clearly rise and fall.•Continue rescue breathing as long as signs of life arepresent and the child is not breathing.

Rescue Breathing Child•It is natural to feel uncomfortable about makingmouth-to-mouth contact with a stranger. However, itis important to know that the risk of diseasetransmission is very low when giving mouth-to-mouthresuscitation.•A resuscitation mask or face shield (also known as aCPR breathing barrier) may reduce the risk of diseasetransmission between the responder and the child.•Rescue breathing should not be delayed because youdo not have a breathing barrier or do not know how touse one.•Respiratory arrest, if not cared for quickly, can leadto a cardiac emergency.

Rescue Breathing Infant•Rescue breathing is a process of breathing airinto an infant who is not breathing.•This condition is commonly caused by injury,illness or choking.Turn to page53-54 ofyour book•When giving rescue breathing to an infant, give1 breath every 3 seconds and check for signs oflife about every 2 minutes. Ensure that you makea seal over the infant’s mouth and nose.•Each rescue breath should last about 1 second.With each breath, watch the chest clearly riseand fall.•Continue rescue breathing as long as signs oflife are present and the infant is not breathing.

Rescue Breathing Infant•It is natural to feel uncomfortable about makingmouth-to-mouth contact with a stranger. However, itis important to know that the risk of diseasetransmission is very low when giving mouth-to-mouthresuscitation.•A resuscitation mask or face shield (also know asCPR breathing barrier) may reduce the risk of diseasetransmission between the responder and the infant.•Rescue breathing should not be delayed because youdo not have a breathing barrier or know how to useone.•Respiratory arrest, if not cared for quickly, can leadto a cardiac emergency.-VIDEO-Rescue Breathing Child & Infant

Rescue Breathing ChildStep 1Give 1 rescue breath about every3 seconds.•Pinch nose shut.•Make seal over child’s mouth.•Blow in to make chest clearly rise.(Each rescue breath shouldlast about 1 second.)Turn to page64 of yourbookStep 2After about 2 minutes, recheck signs of life and pulse forno more than 10 seconds.If pulse, but no breathing—continue rescue breathing.If no pulse—give CPR or use an AED.

Rescue Breathing InfantStep 1Give 1 rescue breath about every3 seconds.•Seal mouth over Infant’s mouth andnose.•Blow in to make chest clearly rise.(Each rescue breath shouldlast about 1 second.)Turn to page65 of yourbookStep 2After about 2 minutes, recheck signs of life and pulsefor no more than 10 seconds.If pulse, but no breathing—continue rescue breathing.If no pulse—give CPR.

Lesson 5-The Cardiac Chain of SurvivalObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you will know --•How to recognize the signals of a cardiacemergency•How to care for a heart attack•The links of the Cardiac Chain of Survival

Preventing Heart Disease•Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death inboth men and women.•Taking steps to prevent heart disease or to reduceyour risk of heart disease is one of the most importantthings you can do for your health.Turn to page73 of yourbook

Heart Healthy IQTurn to page80 of yourbookThe following statements represent a heart healthy lifestyle thatcan reduce your chances of heart disease. Check eachstatement that reflects your lifestyle.1. I do not smoke and I avoid inhalingthe smoke of others.2. I eat a balanced diet that limits myintake of saturated fat andcholesterol.3. I participate in continuous, vigorousphysical activity for 20 to 30 minutesor more at least three times a week.4. I have my blood pressure checkedregularly.5. I maintain an appropriate weight.If you did not check two or more of the statements, you shouldconsider making changes in your lifestyle no.

Recognizing a Heart Attack•What is a heart attack?•When a heart muscle is damaged from a lack ofoxygen and blood supply by either disease or trauma.A heart attack can eventually lead to cardiac arrest, acondition in which the heart stops functioningaltogether.-- Video—Signals of a Heart Attackand the Cardiac Chain of Survival

Recognizing a Heart Attack•What signals did the person have in the video?Turn to page69-70 ofyour book

Recognizing a Heart Attack•What signals did the person have in the video?•Persistent Chest Pain orpressure that lasts longer than 3-5 minutes or goes away andcomes back.•Chest pain spreading to theshoulders, neck, jaw, or armsTurn to page69-70 ofyour book•Shortness of breath or troublebreathing•Nausea or vomiting•Dizziness, lightheadedness orfainting•Pale, ashen (grayish) or bluish skin•Sweating

Recognizing a Heart Attack•A person having a heart attack may deny that he or shehas any signals•Both men and women experience the most commonheart attack signal, which is chest pain or discomfort.Women are somewhat more likely to experience some ofthe other warning signals, particularly shortness of breath,nausea/vomiting and back or jaw pain.Turn to page69-70 ofyour book•Women also tend to delay telling others about theirsignals to avoid bothering or worrying others.

Signals of a Heart Attack•Persistent chest discomfort lasting more than 3 to 5minutes.•Discomfort, pain or pressure in either arm, back or stomach.•Discomfort, pain or pressure that spreads to the shoulder,arm, neck or jaw.•Dizziness, lightheadedness or loss of consciousness.Turn to page69-70 ofyour book•Trouble breathing, including noisy breathing, shortness ofbreath and breathing that is faster than normal.•Nausea.•Pale or ashen-looking skin.•Sweating—face may be moist or person may be sweatingprofusely.

Main Cause of a Heart AttackBuildup of fatty materials on the inner walls of the arteriesreduces blood flow to the heart muscle and may cause a heartattack.

Cardiac Chain of Survival•CPR alone is not enough to help someone survive acardiac arrest (a condition in which the heart stopsfunctioning altogether). Advanced medical care isneeded as soon as possible. This is why it is soimportant to call 911 immediately.Turn to page72-74 ofyour book•The greatest chance of survival from cardiac arrestoccurs when the following sequence of eventshappens as rapidly as possible –•Early Recognition and Early Access•Early CPR•Early Defibrillation's•Early Advanced Medical Care

Cardiac Chain of Survival•An Automated External Defibrillated (AED) is adevice that analyzes the heart’s electrical rhythmand, if necessary, prompts a responder to deliver ashock using the AED to a person experiencingsudden cardiac arrest.•Defibrillation is an electric shock that interrupts theheart’s chaotic electrical activity, most oftenventricular fibrillation (V-Fib), during sudden cardiacarrest. The shock may help the heart restore itsability to function as a pump.

Cardiac Emergencies•CPR helps to circulate blood that containsoxygen to the brain and vital organs when theheart stops.•In a cardiac emergency, it is vital to call 911.•Can you name the steps of the Cardiac Chain ofSurvival?•Early recognition and Early Access•Early CPR•Early Defibrillation•Early Advanced Medical Care

Lesson 6-CPR and UnconsciousChoking – Adult, Child or InfantObjectives•Demonstrate how to give CPR.•Demonstrate how to clear an obstructedairway or an unconscious person.

CPR Adult•If a person is in cardiac arrest, he or she isunconscious, not breathing and shows noother signs of life.Turn to page74-76 ofyour book•Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) canhelp circulate blood that contains oxygen tovital organs by a combination of chestcompressions and rescue breaths.

Unconscious Choking Adult•If you attempt rescue breathing but are unable tomake the chest clearly rise, you must act quickly toget air into the person. Care for an unconsciouschoking adult is very similar to the skill of adult CPR,with the exception that you look for a foreign objectbetween compressions and breaths. Chestcompressions are used to help force air from theperson’s lungs to dislodge the object.Turn to page79 of yourbook

CPR Child•As discussed earlier, unlike adults, children seldominitially suffer a cardiac emergency. Instead, theysuffer a respiratory emergency that develops into acardiac emergency.Turn to page76-77 ofyour book•Motor vehicle crashes, drowning, smoke inhalation,poisoning, airway obstruction, firearm injuries andfalls are all common causes of respiratoryemergencies. That can develop into a cardiacemergency.•A cardiac emergency can also result from an acuterespiratory condition, such as a severe asthma attack.Less commonly, a cardiac emergency may occur dueto congenital heart disease or from blunt impact to thechest (such as Commotio Cordis).

CPR Child•If a child is in cardiac arrest, he or she isunconscious, not breathing and shows nosigns of life. CPR can help circulate bloodthat contains oxygen to vital organs. CPR isa combination of chest compressions andrescue breaths.

Unconscious Choking ChildTurn to page79 of yourbook•If you attempt rescue breaths but are unable to makethe chest clearly rise, you must act quickly to get airinto the child. Care for an unconscious choking childis very similar to the skill of child CPR, with theexception that you look for a foreign object betweencompressions and breaths. Chest compressions areused to help force air from the child’s lungs todislodge the object.

CPR Infant•Cardiac emergencies are rare in an otherwise healthyinfant.•Cardiac emergencies in infants are usually precededby trauma or a breathing emergency, like drowning orchoking, or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).Turn to page78-79 ofyour book•Infants born with genetic or congenital problems alsomight be at an increased risk for cardiac emergenciesbecause of problems with their heart’s structure orfunction.l•If an infant is in cardiac arrest, he or she isunconscious, not breathing and shows no signs oflife. CPR can help to circulate blood that containsoxygen to vital organs. CPR is a combination of chestcompressions and rescue breaths.

Unconscious Choking InfantTurn to page79-80 ofyour book•If you attempt rescue breaths but are unable to make thechest clearly rise, you must act quickly to get air into theinfant. Care for an unconscious choking infant is verysimilar to the skill of infant CPR, with the exception thatyou look for a foreign object between compressions andbreaths. Chest compressions are used to help force airfrom the infant’s lungs to dislodge the object.-VIDEO-Unconscious Choking & CPRAdult, Child & Infant

CPR AdultStep 1Give cycles of 30 chest compressionsand 2 rescue breaths.Turn to page86-87 ofyour bookStep 2Continue CPR until –•Scene becomes unsafe.•You find a sign of life.•AED is ready to use.•You are too exhaustedto continue•Another trainedresponder arrives andtakes over.Use an AED as soon as one becomesavailable.

Unconscious Choking AdultTurn to page88-89 ofyour bookStep 1Tilt head farther back.Try 2 rescue breaths again.Step 2If chest does not rise—Give 30 chest compressions.(Remove breathing barrier when givingchest compressions.)Step 3Look for an object.Step 4Remove if one is seen.Step 5Try 2 rescue breathings.If breaths do not go in—Continue steps 2 – 5.•If breaths go in—•Check for signs of life.•Give care based on conditions found.

Unconscious Choking Adult

CPR ChildStep 1Give cycles of 30 chestcompressions and 2 rescuebreaths.Turn to page90-91 ofyour bookStep 2Continue CPR until –•Scene becomes unsafe.•You find a sign of life.•AED is ready to use.•You are too exhaustedto continue•Another trainedresponder arrives andtakes over.Use an AED as soon as one becomesavailable. If pulse, but no breathing, giverescue breathing.

Unconscious Choking ChildStep 1Tilt head farther back.Try 2 rescue breaths again.Step 2If chest does not rise—Give 30 chest compressions.(Remove breathing barrier when giving chestcompressions.)Step 3Look for an object.Turn to page92-93 ofyour bookStep 4Remove if one is seen.Step 5Try 2 rescue breathings.If breaths do not go in—Continue steps 2 – 5.•If breaths go in—•Check for signs of life.•Give care based on conditions found.

Unconscious Choking Child

CPR InfantStep 1Give cycles of 30 chest compressionsand 2 rescue breaths.Turn to page94-95 ofyour bookStep 2Continue CPR until –•Scene becomesunsafe.•You find a sign of life.•AED is ready to use.•You are too exhaustedto continue•Another trainedresponder arrives andtakes over.If no signs of life—continue CPR.If a pulse, but no breathing—give rescuebreathing.

Unconscious Choking InfantStep 1Tilt head farther back.Try 2 rescue breaths again.Step 2If chest does not rise—Give 30 chest compressions.(Remove breathing barrier when giving chestcompressions.)Step 3Look for an object.Turn to page96-97 ofyour bookStep 4Remove if one is seen.Step 5Try 2 rescue breathings.If breaths do not go in—Continue steps 2 – 5.•If breaths go in—•Check for signs of life.•Give care based on conditions found.

Unconscious Choking Infant