Application for the Reassessment of a Hazardous Substance under ...

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3.8.4 In the application for the DDVP Insecticide Strip (Use Scenario 31 - HSR04011), itwas stated:“MAF have a specification for the surveillance for fruit flies including the fieldoperation of traps. The contractor must comply with this specification. Appendix A,Section 6. Fruit fly traps are usually set up from late August in northern NewZealand and later in the year further south as the temperatures increase. The trapsremain in place until June of the following year. The trap is a plastic containertypically 85 mm in diameter at base, 105 mm diameter at top and 100 mm deep. Theremovable lid is 110 mm in diameter. The base of the trap has four small drainageholes (2.5mm diameter) directly below the fruit fly entry holes. The four fruit flyentry holes are located 15 mm below the lip of the trap; these holes are 25 mm indiameter. Appendix A, Section 6 The lure traps contain one of three synthetic maleattractants. The choice of lure is specific to a species of fruit fly. The DDVPINSECTICIDE STRIP is positioned below the lure in the bottom of the trap. Thetraps are recommended to be placed either 400 or 1200 metres apart (one to 6.25traps per km 2 ) depending on the type of lure. The traps are placed in potential hostplants, ideally well foliaged and trees bearing fruit. Most importantly traps are nothung below foliage and no closer than 1.3 metres to the ground. If there is more thanone trap on a property then these are not placed in the same tree and must be at least3 metres apart. The property owner / occupier receives a letter and is briefed on thematerial used in the traps and is requested to report any interference or damage tothe trap to a freephone number operated by the contractor. Appendix 9. Each trap isinspected two weekly and the DDVP INSECTICIDE STRIP is replaced 6-weekly.Replacement of the lure is 6 or 12-weekly depending on the type of lure. Proceduresare followed to ensure lures are not mixed and that there is no contamination oftraps nor of the area around the trap. In the event of a trap being blown from thehost tree then the DDVP INSECTICIDE STRIP must be recovered and disposed ofsafely. The contractor is required to wear gloves and to use tweezers when handlingthe lures or DDVP INSECTICIDE STRIP. Traps are replaced if damaged orautomatically at the end of each season.”“ The trap operators setting up the fruit fly trapping stations are not expected tohave > 10 kg DDVP INSECTICIDE STRIPS (equivalent to 800 sachets) under theircontrol at any time. The largest trap run in Auckland comprises 45 traps, thereforethe season’s total requirement for this single run is 315 strips. Auckland runs areserviced from the Agriquality laboratory at Lynfield, and while an operator mayservice up to one and a half runs on a day (weather constraints) the maximumnumber of strips and operator would have in a vehicle at one time is about 90 (
humidity conditions. The higher residual concentration in the strip being replacedmeans that greater care is needed in handling the strip during replacement in thetrap and with the disposal of the used strips.Potential exposure of contractors carrying opened sachets might arise in a vehicle(confined space). However contractors are trained to roll over the torn opening toreseal the sachet. This not only protects from potential exposure by inhalation butalso helps ensure unused strips do not become prematurely depleted of the activecomponent.“3.8.5 On the basis of this information a Use Scenario for operator exposure was developedas follows. The operator will service 90 traps in a day, spending 2 minutes at eachtrap, giving an exposure of 3 hours per day. 41% of the 520 mg dichlorvos on a stripwill be emitted continuously over the 6 week (1008 hours) service life of a strip in atrap, giving an emission rate of 0.21 mg dichlorvos / hour. There will be no build-upof dichlorvos within a trap and an operator will inhale all the dichlorvos beingemitted from a trap as they bend over it to service it, but will not be exposed to anydichlorvos while travelling between traps, i.e. operators will be exposed to 0.21 mgdichlorvos / hour for 3 hours per day. The risks posed to operators based on thesefigures are detailed in paragraph 4.4.4.1.3.9 Existing Controls3.9.1 The lifecycle and hazardous properties of dichlorvos and its formulations aremanaged through a variety of controls. These controls are prescribed as part of theapproval of these substances under the Act and the Agricultural Compounds andVeterinary Medicines Act 1997 (ACVM Act), and through requirements for resourceconsents under the Resource Management Act 1991.3.9.2 The HSNO Act controls applicable to dichlorvos and its formulations are given inAppendix J. A summary of conditions under the ACVM Act is also given inAppendix J.3.9.3 In Section 4, the risks, costs and benefits of dichlorvos are identified and assessed.This assessment is made under the assumption that there is compliance with theexisting controls.Dichlorvos reassessment – application Page 39 of 436
Page 1 and 2: Application for the Reassessment of
Page 3 and 4: 6.1 Evaluation of options to streng
Page 5 and 6: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYIn briefERMA New Z
Page 7 and 8: Aerosol containing 50 g/kgdichlorvo
Page 9 and 10: ERMA New Zealand‘s recommendation
Page 11 and 12: 26 - 29Outdoor public space usage30
Page 13 and 14: Substance details1-8,11-16,20-25,30
Page 15 and 16: 1.2.3 In 2008, the Environmental Ri
Page 17 and 18: Table 1. Dichlorvos-containing subs
Page 19 and 20: public environments and use for bio
Page 21 and 22: available to it. In preparing this
Page 23 and 24: 3.3 International regulatory positi
Page 25 and 26: 3.6 Classification3.6.1 The HSNO cl
Page 27 and 28: Hazard Class /SubclassClassificatio
Page 29 and 30: Hazard Class /SubclassClassificatio
Page 31 and 32: Rates:Fogging: 13 ml / litre (water
Page 33 and 34: BV2 SurfaceInsecticideBV2 SurfaceIn
Page 35 and 36: Table 7.Dichlorvos outdoor and indo
Page 37: Scenario Crop/Use Method Rate Appli
Page 41 and 42: 4.3 EnvironmentIdentification of ad
Page 43 and 44: 4.3.9.3 Aquatic environment - Groun
Page 45 and 46: is considered to be highly improbab
Page 47 and 48: RiskGroupRQ range Level of risk Use
Page 49 and 50: RiskGroupRQ range Level of risk Use
Page 51 and 52: assessment, as the Use Scenario inc
Page 53 and 54: Nonnegligible1 < RQ < 10Nonnegligib
Page 55 and 56: Table 12.LifecycleStageImport,manuf
Page 57 and 58: LifecycleStageUse -bystanderUseScen
Page 59 and 60: Table 13.Identification of benefici
Page 61 and 62: value that can be attributed to dic
Page 63 and 64: outbreak, MAF‘s ability to demons
Page 65 and 66: the duty of the Crown is not merely
Page 67 and 68: 5.1.7.1 J. Hicking stated that dich
Page 70 and 71: Table 14. Comparative of hazard cla
Page 72 and 73: Crop Pest Active ingredient Preharv
Page 74 and 75: Crop Pest Active ingredient Preharv
Page 76 and 77: SECTION 6- PROPOSALS TO MANAGE RISK
Page 78 and 79: Assessment was carried out with spe
Page 80 and 81: 6.1.11 Controls to protect bystande
Page 82 and 83: Table 16Effect of additional contro
Page 84 and 85: Use Scenario Receptor Level of Risk
Page 86 and 87: Use Scenario Receptor Level of Risk
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Use Scenario Receptor Level of Risk
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have, and notes the following as ar
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Table 18Summary of benefits associa
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UseScenariosAssessment ofEffectOutc
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Substance detailsHSR000126DDVPInsec
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Table 22.there are no practicable r
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7.4 Preliminary Recommendations7.4.
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method and LOQ)Water (principle ofm
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Appendix B: Environmental Fate of d
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Bioconcentration factor Gnathopogon
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Table C.2:Scenarios used in exposur
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Scenario 3: Vegetables - 1 applicat
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FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VA
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insectivorous bird7 Passionfruit Sm
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4 Leafyvegetables(BBCH ≥50)4 Leaf
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summer)7 passionfruit(BBCH 10-19)7
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Ground (lowboom)0.03 0.03 1.07 1.07
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Appendix D: Ecotoxicity of dichlorv
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ioaccumulationClearance timeLevel o
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Table D.5:Toxicity to terrestrial i
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Appendix E: Risk Assessment: Enviro
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Aquatic organsimsTable E.3:Environm
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12345Crop type Table I.1 (Annex 1)
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7 passionfruit(BBCH 20-39)7 passion
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Fruit (tree) 2052 70759 >50Passionf
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Appendix F: Human Toxicity of dichl
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CONTENTS:Title Page 11 Purpose 2Con
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2 SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATIONIUPAC nam
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However, dichlorvos has genotoxic p
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4 ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, METABOL
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aerosol cans (230-330 g dichlorvos)
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4.3 Metabolism:found in tissues of
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dose of 1.0 mg/kg bw, a single gava
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eports. LD 50 = 46.4 mg/kg b.w. is
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6 ACUTE DERMAL 6.1HSNO Classificati
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7 ACUTE INHALATION 6.1HSNO Classifi
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measured and it was not possible to
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8 SKIN IRRITATION 6.3 & CORROSION 8
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9 EYE IRRITATION 6.4 & CORROSION 8.
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10 RESPIRATORY SENSITISATION 6.5AHS
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Justification for Classification: U
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12 MUTAGENICITY 6.6HSNO Classificat
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ERMA New Zealand CONFIDENTIAL Repor
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The ATSDR (1997) reported:“Dichlo
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•ATSDR (1997): http://www.atsdr.c
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13 CARCINOGENICITY 6.7HSNO Classifi
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fibroadenomas were observed in 6 (1
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• Sex/Numbers:• Test material:
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The NTP Peer Review concluded that:
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concurrent studies for comparison w
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The APVMA (2008a) reported a chroni
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was exposed. The estimated daily in
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14 REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY 6.8HSNO Cl
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ppm during premating days, signific
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Toxicology, Chemistry and Life Scie
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addition, there was an increase in
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• Maternal toxicity NOAEL =• Ma
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Research Triangle Park, North Carol
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16 REPRODUCTIVE OR DEVELOPMENTAL TO
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17 SPECIFIC TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY 6
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There was a significant dose-relate
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KEY STUDY:• Type of study:• Spe
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BACKGROUND:The APVMA (2008a) also r
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cholinesterases can only be estimat
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Ltd, Sittingbourne Research Center,
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23 OTHER POTENTIAL TOXIC ENDPOINTS2
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―Results“Mortalities and clinic
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1984). QA study. Study conducted ac
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“No information was located on im
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“Comment: These incidents clearly
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25 ACCEPTABLE OPERATOR EXPOSURE LEV
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to pretreatment activity). When the
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cholinesterase inhibition in health
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protect agricultural workers who ha
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Wash: refers to skin washes; Dressi
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Hazard Class/SubclassHazardclassifi
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Hazard Class/SubclassHazardclassifi
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REFERENCES:APVMA, 2008a. ―DICHLOR
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Appendix 1:APVMA - Summary of bench
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“Inhalational NOEL for Occupation
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activity). In fact, treatment was s
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LAST PAGEDichlorvos reassessment -
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Dichlorvos:Occupational, Bystander,
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CONTENTS:Title Page 11 Purpose 2Con
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3ACTIVITY SCENARIOS3.1 Table (I) su
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access of bystanders to treated are
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can reduce dermal exposures to mixe
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contaminated with, respectively 0.0
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The modelling is based upon dischar
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Table II: Occupational Exposure Est
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Table III: Occupational Exposure Es
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Operation / RPE / PPETable IV: Occu
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1.25L product/ha; work rate, 1.25 h
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Application: Air-hose RPE + chem. r
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Application: Half-face RPE + overal
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P for RPE (% penetration): none, 1
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Table X: Occupational Exposure Esti
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provided: work day exposure is limi
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5POST-APPLICATION OR RE-ENTRY WORKE
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D = DFR x TC x DA x WR x AR x P / B
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Re-entry into out-door crops (Scena
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Re-entry into treated glasshouses d
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acceptable 240 minutes after applic
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Re-entry into treated glasshouses u
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Table XVII: Re-entry into glasshous
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lowest use rate (52 mg/m 3 ; 1300g
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DA = percentage dermal absorption [
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Re-entry into treated enclosed indu
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nature of the building itself, not
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Conclusions on re-entry worker expo
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6BYSTANDER & RESIDENT EXPOSURE & RI
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Children’s incidental ingestion o
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Table XX: Spray driftExposure throu
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Exposure through contactwithcontami
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Conclusions on bystander and reside
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Table XXIII: Dichlorvos Use Scenari
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mixing/loading. Mixing/loading fogg
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7.23 Re-entry for ventilation of in
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REFERENCES:APVMA, 2008a. ―DICHLOR
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Appendix 1:Occupational Exposure Es
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FactorExposure (μg/kg a.i. handled
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Inhalation exposure from cylinder c
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[0.01875 x {(0.018 x 0.05) + (2.68
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With half-face respirator (protecti
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With full-body chemical resistant c
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Appendix 4:Occupational Exposure Es
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With overalls and gloves (protectio
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The Dermal Exposure (D) is 2.06 μg
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TTR = turf transferable residues -
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F = fraction of residue retained on
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TTR = transferable residues - the E
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Public Space ApplicationsScenario (
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ERMA New Zealand‟s comment on the
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Enclosed SpaceAgricultural UseOutdo
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Appendix H: Qualitative Descriptors
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1.3. The likelihood applies to the
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Appendix I: Data from which classif
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Endpoint Units * Dichlorvos Propoxu
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Toxicity mixture calculationsSubcla
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Subclass 9.3 -Ecotoxicity to terres
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Table J.1:Existing controls for dic
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TrackingcontrolsIdentification cont
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Table J.2:Summary of default contro
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Hazardous Substances (Classes 1 to
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Hazardous Substances (Classes 6, 8,
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Hazardous Substances (Classes 6, 8,
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(a) means piping that—(i) is conn
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Code I29 Regs 51, 52 Signage requir
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Non-HSNO Act controlsAgricultural C
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Appendix K: Overseas regulatory act
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Product Use Further details ofuseSu
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Risk assessment identified concerns
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Current usesFormulations:Methods of
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CanadaStatusPMRA are undertaking a
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Appendix L: Parties consulted durin
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Animal Products Act 19995. The purp
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14. Regulatory control of these pro
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Zealand‘s trade in primary produc
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processed and stored. It employs ve
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may be taken to risk management in
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Appendix A• Agricultural Compound
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Appendix O: ReferencesACVM (2010) h
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