Application for the Reassessment of a Hazardous Substance under ...

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3.7 LifecycleManufacture, importation, transport and storage3.7.1 Dichlorvos is imported by sea in 200 l steel drums. It is not manufactured in NewZealand currently. Transport is under UN Number 3018, Transport Hazard Class6.1, Packaging Group I and products are marine pollutants under the IMDG Code.3.7.2 The EC formulation is manufactured in New Zealand and is also imported packagedready for sale. It is transported in 1 and 5 litre HDPE jerry cans (480 and 144 perpallet). Transport is under UN Number 3018, Transport Hazard Class 6.1, PackagingGroup Number I and products are marine pollutants under the IMDG Code.3.7.3 Dichlorvos is also imported and packaged into BV2 surface insecticide aerosols withtamper-proof closures. 250 kg dichlorvos is imported in drums by sea per 5 yearperiod. After packaging, the aerosols are transported on pallets of 1296 aerosols (L.Bryant pers. comm.).3.7.4 Dichlorvos is also imported and packaged into 50 g/kg gas cylinders. Insectigascylinders are either 6 kg or 36 kg, ArmourCrop (DDVP) are 6 kg or 31 kg. Cylindershave an AS 2473 Type 40 outlet connection and are transported up to 12 cylindersper pallet (S. Thalavaisundaram pers. comm.).3.7.5 DDVP Insecticide Strips are manufactured overseas and imported in plastic zip lockbags containing 50 hermetically sealed sachets per bag and five DDVP InsecticideStrips per sachet. DDVP Insecticide Strips are only imported by MAFBNZ and arerestricted by their HSNO Approval to use by that organisation. They are not for usein residential, commercial or industrial buildings, nor as an agricultural pesticide forpest control of infestations on animals such as pet collars.Use of Dichlorvos in New ZealandUse of dichlorvos as a plant protection product3.7.6 Use of dichlorvos as a plant protection product as described on the New Zealandlabels are detailed in Table 5:Table 5.Label rates and uses for dichlorvos-containing plant protectionproducts.Product Formulation type UsesArmourCrop-Insecticide(DDVP),/Aphidgas50 g/kg aerosol Greenhouse Usage:Capsicum – for control of aphidsRates:Fogging: 1 g / m 3 , 2.5 g / m 2(applied as a fog through a dosing systemdesigned and built by BOC Ltd for eachgreenhouse).Divap 1140 g/l EC Outdoor Crop Usage:Various outdoor cropsRates:Boomspray: up to 700 ml/ha;Mistblower: up to 90 ml / 100 litre water(no water rate per hectarespecified);maximum 3 applications at 7day intervals.Handgun:apply to runoff.Indoors Crop Usage:Glasshouses & mushroom housesDichlorvos reassessment – application Page 30 of 436
Rates:Fogging: 13 ml / litre (water) / 100 m 3 ;Spraying: 26 ml / 2 litre (water) / 100 m 2 .Nuvos 1000 g/l EC Outdoor Crop Usage:Various outdoor cropsRates:Boomspray: up to 800 ml/ha;Mistblower: up to 100 ml/100 litre water(no water rate per hectarespecified);maximum 3 applications at 7day intervals.Handgun: apply to runoff.Indoors Crop Usage:Glasshouses & mushroom housesRates:Fogging: 15 ml / litre (water) / 100 m 3 ;Spraying: 30 ml / 2 litre (water) / 100 m 2 .3.7.7 The following additional information relating to the use of dichlorvos on crops hasbeen acquired through discussion with users and manufacturers during thepreparation of this application.3.7.8 Insectigas from BOC is another 50 g/kg aerosol. It is not registered with ACVM foruse in greenhouses and this use is not on the label, but an information sheet 3 fromBOC does list use in greenhouses and gives a New Zealand contact address. Thisbrochure suggests application by 200 g spray into air space. Plant & Food(Appendix XXX) suggest that Insectigas cylinders may be connected to fixedpipework, or connected to hand-held spray guns or a release timer on top of thecylinder.3.7.9 Several users indicated that dichlorvos is used on an as-needed basis. HorticultureNew Zealand stated that dichlorvos is only used as needed which may be 1 year in 3for tamarillos, 1 year in 2 for glasshouses (tomatoes, capsicums, cucumbers), butmay also be used every year in glasshouses (capsicum) to break up use of Match(lufenuron) and Success (spinosad) which, used together, are the only other productsavailable to treat Western Flower Thrips.3.7.10 Adria (pers. comm.) stated that dichlorvos is only used in 40-50% of years (crop notspecified) i.e. approximately one in every two years. NCGA (2009) indicated that43% of the Cymbidium growers use dichlorvos every year as part of pest clean-upprogrammes, 30% treat only as needed, and approximately a third of growers do notuse it.3.7.11 One correspondent stated that dichlorvos EC tends to be used once, shortly beforeharvest and only if an insect problem is identified, its volatility making it ideal underthese conditions. At other times other pesticides are used (J. Hicking pers. comm.).Another importer said that dichlorvos EC may be used up to 3 times at 7 dayintervals, but also said that it tends to be used shortly pre-harvest (L. Stulich pers.comm.).3.7.12 Horticulture New Zealand stated that several other products used in greenhouses arenot compatible with IPM and that if dichlorvos was not available glasshouse growerswould use less IPM.3 https://boc.com.au/boc_sp/downloads/gas_brochures/BOC_Pestigas_Brochure.pdfDichlorvos reassessment – application Page 31 of 436
Page 1 and 2: Application for the Reassessment of
Page 3 and 4: 6.1 Evaluation of options to streng
Page 5 and 6: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYIn briefERMA New Z
Page 7 and 8: Aerosol containing 50 g/kgdichlorvo
Page 9 and 10: ERMA New Zealand‘s recommendation
Page 11 and 12: 26 - 29Outdoor public space usage30
Page 13 and 14: Substance details1-8,11-16,20-25,30
Page 15 and 16: 1.2.3 In 2008, the Environmental Ri
Page 17 and 18: Table 1. Dichlorvos-containing subs
Page 19 and 20: public environments and use for bio
Page 21 and 22: available to it. In preparing this
Page 23 and 24: 3.3 International regulatory positi
Page 25 and 26: 3.6 Classification3.6.1 The HSNO cl
Page 27 and 28: Hazard Class /SubclassClassificatio
Page 29: Hazard Class /SubclassClassificatio
Page 33 and 34: BV2 SurfaceInsecticideBV2 SurfaceIn
Page 35 and 36: Table 7.Dichlorvos outdoor and indo
Page 37 and 38: Scenario Crop/Use Method Rate Appli
Page 39 and 40: humidity conditions. The higher res
Page 41 and 42: 4.3 EnvironmentIdentification of ad
Page 43 and 44: 4.3.9.3 Aquatic environment - Groun
Page 45 and 46: is considered to be highly improbab
Page 47 and 48: RiskGroupRQ range Level of risk Use
Page 49 and 50: RiskGroupRQ range Level of risk Use
Page 51 and 52: assessment, as the Use Scenario inc
Page 53 and 54: Nonnegligible1 < RQ < 10Nonnegligib
Page 55 and 56: Table 12.LifecycleStageImport,manuf
Page 57 and 58: LifecycleStageUse -bystanderUseScen
Page 59 and 60: Table 13.Identification of benefici
Page 61 and 62: value that can be attributed to dic
Page 63 and 64: outbreak, MAF‘s ability to demons
Page 65 and 66: the duty of the Crown is not merely
Page 67 and 68: 5.1.7.1 J. Hicking stated that dich
Page 70 and 71: Table 14. Comparative of hazard cla
Page 72 and 73: Crop Pest Active ingredient Preharv
Page 74 and 75: Crop Pest Active ingredient Preharv
Page 76 and 77: SECTION 6- PROPOSALS TO MANAGE RISK
Page 78 and 79: Assessment was carried out with spe
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6.1.11 Controls to protect bystande
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Table 16Effect of additional contro
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Use Scenario Receptor Level of Risk
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have, and notes the following as ar
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Table 18Summary of benefits associa
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UseScenariosAssessment ofEffectOutc
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Substance detailsHSR000126DDVPInsec
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Table 22.there are no practicable r
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7.4 Preliminary Recommendations7.4.
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method and LOQ)Water (principle ofm
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Appendix B: Environmental Fate of d
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Bioconcentration factor Gnathopogon
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Table C.2:Scenarios used in exposur
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Scenario 3: Vegetables - 1 applicat
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FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VA
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insectivorous bird7 Passionfruit Sm
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4 Leafyvegetables(BBCH ≥50)4 Leaf
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summer)7 passionfruit(BBCH 10-19)7
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Ground (lowboom)0.03 0.03 1.07 1.07
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Appendix D: Ecotoxicity of dichlorv
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ioaccumulationClearance timeLevel o
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Table D.5:Toxicity to terrestrial i
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Appendix E: Risk Assessment: Enviro
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Aquatic organsimsTable E.3:Environm
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12345Crop type Table I.1 (Annex 1)
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7 passionfruit(BBCH 20-39)7 passion
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Fruit (tree) 2052 70759 >50Passionf
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Appendix F: Human Toxicity of dichl
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CONTENTS:Title Page 11 Purpose 2Con
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2 SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATIONIUPAC nam
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However, dichlorvos has genotoxic p
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4 ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, METABOL
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aerosol cans (230-330 g dichlorvos)
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4.3 Metabolism:found in tissues of
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dose of 1.0 mg/kg bw, a single gava
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eports. LD 50 = 46.4 mg/kg b.w. is
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6 ACUTE DERMAL 6.1HSNO Classificati
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7 ACUTE INHALATION 6.1HSNO Classifi
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measured and it was not possible to
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8 SKIN IRRITATION 6.3 & CORROSION 8
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9 EYE IRRITATION 6.4 & CORROSION 8.
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10 RESPIRATORY SENSITISATION 6.5AHS
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Justification for Classification: U
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12 MUTAGENICITY 6.6HSNO Classificat
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ERMA New Zealand CONFIDENTIAL Repor
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The ATSDR (1997) reported:“Dichlo
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•ATSDR (1997): http://www.atsdr.c
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13 CARCINOGENICITY 6.7HSNO Classifi
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fibroadenomas were observed in 6 (1
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• Sex/Numbers:• Test material:
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The NTP Peer Review concluded that:
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concurrent studies for comparison w
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The APVMA (2008a) reported a chroni
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was exposed. The estimated daily in
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14 REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY 6.8HSNO Cl
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ppm during premating days, signific
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Toxicology, Chemistry and Life Scie
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addition, there was an increase in
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• Maternal toxicity NOAEL =• Ma
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Research Triangle Park, North Carol
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16 REPRODUCTIVE OR DEVELOPMENTAL TO
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17 SPECIFIC TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY 6
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There was a significant dose-relate
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KEY STUDY:• Type of study:• Spe
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BACKGROUND:The APVMA (2008a) also r
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cholinesterases can only be estimat
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Ltd, Sittingbourne Research Center,
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23 OTHER POTENTIAL TOXIC ENDPOINTS2
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―Results“Mortalities and clinic
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1984). QA study. Study conducted ac
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“No information was located on im
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“Comment: These incidents clearly
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25 ACCEPTABLE OPERATOR EXPOSURE LEV
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to pretreatment activity). When the
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cholinesterase inhibition in health
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protect agricultural workers who ha
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Wash: refers to skin washes; Dressi
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Hazard Class/SubclassHazardclassifi
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Hazard Class/SubclassHazardclassifi
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REFERENCES:APVMA, 2008a. ―DICHLOR
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Appendix 1:APVMA - Summary of bench
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“Inhalational NOEL for Occupation
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activity). In fact, treatment was s
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LAST PAGEDichlorvos reassessment -
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Dichlorvos:Occupational, Bystander,
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CONTENTS:Title Page 11 Purpose 2Con
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3ACTIVITY SCENARIOS3.1 Table (I) su
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access of bystanders to treated are
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can reduce dermal exposures to mixe
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contaminated with, respectively 0.0
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The modelling is based upon dischar
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Table II: Occupational Exposure Est
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Table III: Occupational Exposure Es
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Operation / RPE / PPETable IV: Occu
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1.25L product/ha; work rate, 1.25 h
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Application: Air-hose RPE + chem. r
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Application: Half-face RPE + overal
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P for RPE (% penetration): none, 1
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Table X: Occupational Exposure Esti
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provided: work day exposure is limi
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5POST-APPLICATION OR RE-ENTRY WORKE
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D = DFR x TC x DA x WR x AR x P / B
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Re-entry into out-door crops (Scena
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Re-entry into treated glasshouses d
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acceptable 240 minutes after applic
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Re-entry into treated glasshouses u
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Table XVII: Re-entry into glasshous
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lowest use rate (52 mg/m 3 ; 1300g
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DA = percentage dermal absorption [
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Re-entry into treated enclosed indu
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nature of the building itself, not
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Conclusions on re-entry worker expo
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6BYSTANDER & RESIDENT EXPOSURE & RI
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Children’s incidental ingestion o
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Table XX: Spray driftExposure throu
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Exposure through contactwithcontami
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Conclusions on bystander and reside
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Table XXIII: Dichlorvos Use Scenari
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mixing/loading. Mixing/loading fogg
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7.23 Re-entry for ventilation of in
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REFERENCES:APVMA, 2008a. ―DICHLOR
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Appendix 1:Occupational Exposure Es
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FactorExposure (μg/kg a.i. handled
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Inhalation exposure from cylinder c
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[0.01875 x {(0.018 x 0.05) + (2.68
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With half-face respirator (protecti
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With full-body chemical resistant c
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Appendix 4:Occupational Exposure Es
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With overalls and gloves (protectio
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The Dermal Exposure (D) is 2.06 μg
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TTR = turf transferable residues -
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F = fraction of residue retained on
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TTR = transferable residues - the E
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Public Space ApplicationsScenario (
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ERMA New Zealand‟s comment on the
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Enclosed SpaceAgricultural UseOutdo
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Appendix H: Qualitative Descriptors
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1.3. The likelihood applies to the
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Appendix I: Data from which classif
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Endpoint Units * Dichlorvos Propoxu
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Toxicity mixture calculationsSubcla
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Subclass 9.3 -Ecotoxicity to terres
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Table J.1:Existing controls for dic
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TrackingcontrolsIdentification cont
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Table J.2:Summary of default contro
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Hazardous Substances (Classes 1 to
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Hazardous Substances (Classes 6, 8,
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Hazardous Substances (Classes 6, 8,
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(a) means piping that—(i) is conn
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Code I29 Regs 51, 52 Signage requir
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Non-HSNO Act controlsAgricultural C
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Appendix K: Overseas regulatory act
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Product Use Further details ofuseSu
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Risk assessment identified concerns
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Current usesFormulations:Methods of
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CanadaStatusPMRA are undertaking a
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Appendix L: Parties consulted durin
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Animal Products Act 19995. The purp
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14. Regulatory control of these pro
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Zealand‘s trade in primary produc
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processed and stored. It employs ve
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may be taken to risk management in
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Appendix A• Agricultural Compound
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Appendix O: ReferencesACVM (2010) h
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