Application for the Reassessment of a Hazardous Substance under ...

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1 PURPOSE1.1 The purpose of this report is to provide occupational, bystander, and residentrisk assessments for the Environmental Risk Management Authority NewZealand (ERMA New Zealand) reassessment of dichlorvos.1.2 The scope of the context used to form this assessment is confined to thedocuments listed in the Reference section of this document, the time constraints,the professional experience of the author, and the date this document was issued.1.3 The assessment constitutes the whole document and the reference sources, andshould only be used as a whole.1.4 In spite of all care taken, the reference material should be directly consulted tocheck the veracity of data, opinions and other material used and attributed in thisdocument.1.5 No responsibility will be taken for misuse of this document, or use by thirdparties.Dichlorvos reassessment – application Page 278 of 436
CONTENTS:Title Page 11 Purpose 2Contents 32 Substance Identification 43 Activity Scenarios 54 Operator Exposure & Risk Assessment 85 Post-application or Re-entry Worker Exposures & Risk Assessment 336 Bystander & Resident Exposure & Risk Assessment 587 Summary & Conclusions 67References 74Appendix 1: Occupational Exposure Estimates & Risk Assessment withEngineering Controls 76Appendix 2: Occupational Exposure Estimates & Risk Assessment withRTU gas cylinders 79Appendix 3: Occupational Exposure Estimates & Risk Assessment for SprayApplications into Enclosed Spaces 86Appendix 4: Occupational Exposure Estimates & Risk Assessment for SprayApplications into Public Spaces 89Appendix 5: Re-entry Worker Exposure Estimate and Risk Assessment 92Appendix 6: Resident Exposures and Risk Assessment 94Last Page 103Dichlorvos reassessment – application Page 279 of 436
Page 1 and 2:
Application for the Reassessment of
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6.1 Evaluation of options to streng
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYIn briefERMA New Z
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Aerosol containing 50 g/kgdichlorvo
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ERMA New Zealand‘s recommendation
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26 - 29Outdoor public space usage30
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Substance details1-8,11-16,20-25,30
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1.2.3 In 2008, the Environmental Ri
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Table 1. Dichlorvos-containing subs
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public environments and use for bio
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available to it. In preparing this
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3.3 International regulatory positi
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3.6 Classification3.6.1 The HSNO cl
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Hazard Class /SubclassClassificatio
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Hazard Class /SubclassClassificatio
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Rates:Fogging: 13 ml / litre (water
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BV2 SurfaceInsecticideBV2 SurfaceIn
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Table 7.Dichlorvos outdoor and indo
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Scenario Crop/Use Method Rate Appli
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humidity conditions. The higher res
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4.3 EnvironmentIdentification of ad
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4.3.9.3 Aquatic environment - Groun
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is considered to be highly improbab
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RiskGroupRQ range Level of risk Use
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RiskGroupRQ range Level of risk Use
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assessment, as the Use Scenario inc
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Nonnegligible1 < RQ < 10Nonnegligib
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Table 12.LifecycleStageImport,manuf
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LifecycleStageUse -bystanderUseScen
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Table 13.Identification of benefici
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value that can be attributed to dic
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outbreak, MAF‘s ability to demons
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the duty of the Crown is not merely
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5.1.7.1 J. Hicking stated that dich
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Table 14. Comparative of hazard cla
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Crop Pest Active ingredient Preharv
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Crop Pest Active ingredient Preharv
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SECTION 6- PROPOSALS TO MANAGE RISK
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Assessment was carried out with spe
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6.1.11 Controls to protect bystande
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Table 16Effect of additional contro
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Use Scenario Receptor Level of Risk
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have, and notes the following as ar
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Table 18Summary of benefits associa
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UseScenariosAssessment ofEffectOutc
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Substance detailsHSR000126DDVPInsec
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Table 22.there are no practicable r
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7.4 Preliminary Recommendations7.4.
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method and LOQ)Water (principle ofm
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Appendix B: Environmental Fate of d
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Bioconcentration factor Gnathopogon
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Table C.2:Scenarios used in exposur
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Scenario 3: Vegetables - 1 applicat
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FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VA
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insectivorous bird7 Passionfruit Sm
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4 Leafyvegetables(BBCH ≥50)4 Leaf
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summer)7 passionfruit(BBCH 10-19)7
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Ground (lowboom)0.03 0.03 1.07 1.07
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Appendix D: Ecotoxicity of dichlorv
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ioaccumulationClearance timeLevel o
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Table D.5:Toxicity to terrestrial i
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Appendix E: Risk Assessment: Enviro
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Aquatic organsimsTable E.3:Environm
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12345Crop type Table I.1 (Annex 1)
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7 passionfruit(BBCH 20-39)7 passion
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Fruit (tree) 2052 70759 >50Passionf
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Appendix F: Human Toxicity of dichl
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CONTENTS:Title Page 11 Purpose 2Con
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2 SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATIONIUPAC nam
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However, dichlorvos has genotoxic p
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4 ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, METABOL
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aerosol cans (230-330 g dichlorvos)
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4.3 Metabolism:found in tissues of
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dose of 1.0 mg/kg bw, a single gava
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eports. LD 50 = 46.4 mg/kg b.w. is
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6 ACUTE DERMAL 6.1HSNO Classificati
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7 ACUTE INHALATION 6.1HSNO Classifi
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measured and it was not possible to
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8 SKIN IRRITATION 6.3 & CORROSION 8
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9 EYE IRRITATION 6.4 & CORROSION 8.
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10 RESPIRATORY SENSITISATION 6.5AHS
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Justification for Classification: U
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12 MUTAGENICITY 6.6HSNO Classificat
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ERMA New Zealand CONFIDENTIAL Repor
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The ATSDR (1997) reported:“Dichlo
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•ATSDR (1997): http://www.atsdr.c
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13 CARCINOGENICITY 6.7HSNO Classifi
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fibroadenomas were observed in 6 (1
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• Sex/Numbers:• Test material:
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The NTP Peer Review concluded that:
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concurrent studies for comparison w
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The APVMA (2008a) reported a chroni
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was exposed. The estimated daily in
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14 REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY 6.8HSNO Cl
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ppm during premating days, signific
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Toxicology, Chemistry and Life Scie
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addition, there was an increase in
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• Maternal toxicity NOAEL =• Ma
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Research Triangle Park, North Carol
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16 REPRODUCTIVE OR DEVELOPMENTAL TO
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17 SPECIFIC TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY 6
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There was a significant dose-relate
Page 227 and 228: 18 SPECIFIC TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY 6
Page 233 and 234: KEY STUDY:• Type of study:• Spe
Page 235 and 236: BACKGROUND:The APVMA (2008a) also r
Page 237 and 238: cholinesterases can only be estimat
Page 241 and 242: Ltd, Sittingbourne Research Center,
Page 243 and 244: 23 OTHER POTENTIAL TOXIC ENDPOINTS2
Page 245 and 246: ―Results“Mortalities and clinic
Page 247 and 248: 1984). QA study. Study conducted ac
Page 249 and 250: “No information was located on im
Page 251 and 252: “Comment: These incidents clearly
Page 253 and 254: 25 ACCEPTABLE OPERATOR EXPOSURE LEV
Page 255 and 256: to pretreatment activity). When the
Page 257 and 258: cholinesterase inhibition in health
Page 259 and 260: protect agricultural workers who ha
Page 261 and 262: Wash: refers to skin washes; Dressi
Page 263 and 264: Hazard Class/SubclassHazardclassifi
Page 265 and 266: Hazard Class/SubclassHazardclassifi
Page 267 and 268: REFERENCES:APVMA, 2008a. ―DICHLOR
Page 269 and 270: Appendix 1:APVMA - Summary of bench
Page 271 and 272: “Inhalational NOEL for Occupation
Page 273 and 274: activity). In fact, treatment was s
Page 275 and 276: LAST PAGEDichlorvos reassessment -
Page 277: Dichlorvos:Occupational, Bystander,
Page 281 and 282: 3ACTIVITY SCENARIOS3.1 Table (I) su
Page 283 and 284: access of bystanders to treated are
Page 285 and 286: can reduce dermal exposures to mixe
Page 287 and 288: contaminated with, respectively 0.0
Page 289 and 290: The modelling is based upon dischar
Page 291 and 292: Table II: Occupational Exposure Est
Page 293 and 294: Table III: Occupational Exposure Es
Page 295 and 296: Operation / RPE / PPETable IV: Occu
Page 297 and 298: 1.25L product/ha; work rate, 1.25 h
Page 299 and 300: Application: Air-hose RPE + chem. r
Page 301 and 302: Application: Half-face RPE + overal
Page 303 and 304: P for RPE (% penetration): none, 1
Page 305 and 306: Table X: Occupational Exposure Esti
Page 307 and 308: provided: work day exposure is limi
Page 309 and 310: 5POST-APPLICATION OR RE-ENTRY WORKE
Page 311 and 312: D = DFR x TC x DA x WR x AR x P / B
Page 313 and 314: Re-entry into out-door crops (Scena
Page 315 and 316: Re-entry into treated glasshouses d
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Page 319 and 320: Re-entry into treated glasshouses u
Page 321 and 322: Table XVII: Re-entry into glasshous
Page 323 and 324: lowest use rate (52 mg/m 3 ; 1300g
Page 325 and 326: DA = percentage dermal absorption [
Page 327 and 328: Re-entry into treated enclosed indu
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nature of the building itself, not
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Conclusions on re-entry worker expo
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6BYSTANDER & RESIDENT EXPOSURE & RI
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Children’s incidental ingestion o
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Table XX: Spray driftExposure throu
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Exposure through contactwithcontami
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Conclusions on bystander and reside
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Table XXIII: Dichlorvos Use Scenari
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mixing/loading. Mixing/loading fogg
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7.23 Re-entry for ventilation of in
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REFERENCES:APVMA, 2008a. ―DICHLOR
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Appendix 1:Occupational Exposure Es
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FactorExposure (μg/kg a.i. handled
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Inhalation exposure from cylinder c
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[0.01875 x {(0.018 x 0.05) + (2.68
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With half-face respirator (protecti
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With full-body chemical resistant c
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Appendix 4:Occupational Exposure Es
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With overalls and gloves (protectio
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The Dermal Exposure (D) is 2.06 μg
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TTR = turf transferable residues -
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F = fraction of residue retained on
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TTR = transferable residues - the E
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Public Space ApplicationsScenario (
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ERMA New Zealand‟s comment on the
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Enclosed SpaceAgricultural UseOutdo
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Appendix H: Qualitative Descriptors
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1.3. The likelihood applies to the
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Appendix I: Data from which classif
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Endpoint Units * Dichlorvos Propoxu
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Toxicity mixture calculationsSubcla
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Subclass 9.3 -Ecotoxicity to terres
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Table J.1:Existing controls for dic
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TrackingcontrolsIdentification cont
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Table J.2:Summary of default contro
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Hazardous Substances (Classes 1 to
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Hazardous Substances (Classes 6, 8,
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Hazardous Substances (Classes 6, 8,
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(a) means piping that—(i) is conn
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Code I29 Regs 51, 52 Signage requir
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Non-HSNO Act controlsAgricultural C
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Appendix K: Overseas regulatory act
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Product Use Further details ofuseSu
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Risk assessment identified concerns
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Current usesFormulations:Methods of
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CanadaStatusPMRA are undertaking a
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Appendix L: Parties consulted durin
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Animal Products Act 19995. The purp
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14. Regulatory control of these pro
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Zealand‘s trade in primary produc
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processed and stored. It employs ve
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may be taken to risk management in
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Appendix A• Agricultural Compound
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Appendix O: ReferencesACVM (2010) h
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