Life Science Grade 11

Grade 11 Life Sciences Lesson PlansGymnospermsThe plants evolved from Bryophytes →PteridophytesAngiospermsIn the Byrophytes, water is necessary for the process of sexual reproduction, the sperm swims to the egg cells in water, allowing fertilization to take place. These plants are found indamp shady habitats. They do not possess xylem nor phloem and are considered thallus plants, and do not possess true roots, stems or leaves. Seeds are absent and reproductionincludes spores. Gametophyte generation is the dominant generation.In the Pteridophytes, water is necessary for fertilization to take place. Like the moss, sperm swims to the egg cells. These plants grow in damp shady habitats. Fern plants posses xylemand phloem, and therefore have true roots, stems and leaves. They reproduce using spores, seeds are absent. The sporophyte generation is the dominant generation.Gymnosperms do not depend on water for sexual reproduction. The males spores within the pollen grain are carried to the female spores by winds. They possess true vascular tissueand therefore have true roots, stems and leaves. They posses seeds, but no flowers nor fruits. The seeds are borne on cones. Spores form part of the life cycle of the Gymnosperms.The sporophyte generation is the dominant generation. The gametophyte generation is small and enclosed by the sporophyte.Angiosperms are not dependent on water for sexual reproduction. Water may be used to transfer pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another. Howeverwind, insects, birds, mammals and birds may also serve as agents of pollination and seed dispersal. They possess true vascular tissue and therefore have true roots, stems and leaves.They possess seeds and fruits. Spores form part of the life cycle of Angiosperms. The sporophyte generation is the dominant generation. The male and female gametophytes aresmall and protected by the gametophyte.Term 1 Page 41© Gauteng Department of Education (CAPS version)