*Literature review of Porirua Harbour and catchmentAppendix 2: Annotated BibliographyGeology, geographyandsoilsAdkin, G. L. (1921). POTirua Harbour: a study of its shoreline and physiographic featuresTransactions undProceediitgs of Ihe New Zealandlitstii"re 53: 144-156Discussion and description of geomorphology of the area. First known publication <strong>to</strong>suggest that the 1855 earthquake caused uplift, which was estimated at 3ft, causingshallowing of Pauaiahanuilnlet and evidenced by an uplifted platform near the entranceof Taupo StreamBegg, J. and C. Mazengarb (1996). Geology o11he Well^Jig!o11 Area. Lower Hull, New Zealand,Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Ltd. 1:50,000. Geological map 22. I sheet + 128 pVery detailed geological description of the <strong>Welling<strong>to</strong>n</strong> Area. Detailed description of rocktypes and a geological map. (Map covers most of Onepo<strong>to</strong> Arm catchment and thesouthern half of Pauatalianui Inlet). Maps in some detailthe main nthologies of thePOTirua Harbour catchment which is comprised of the Rakaia Terrane (Triassic-Jurassicgrey sands<strong>to</strong>ne and muds<strong>to</strong>nes) and loose Qualernary deposits (including loess, alluvialand coastal deposits). Maps the three fault lines passing thorough the POTirua Harbourcatchment, the Ohariu fault, the Pukera fault and the Moonshine fault. Gives somediscussion on the geographical and geological features of Onepo<strong>to</strong> Arm and PanatahanuiInlet, including some cores collected from the estuary. From the nihiled data, the infill ofOnepo<strong>to</strong> Arm and Panatahanuilnleiis suggested as postglacial river, lake and estuary orlagoon depositsBegg, J. G. and M. Johns<strong>to</strong>n (2000). G, o108y o11he Wellingion Area. Lower Hutt, New Zealand,Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Ltd. 1:250,000 geological map 10. I sheet + 64 pGeological description of the <strong>Welling<strong>to</strong>n</strong> Area. Detailed description of rock types and ageological map. Maps the main 11tho10gies of the POTirua Harbour catchment which iscomprised of the Rakaia Terrane (Triassic-Jurassic grey sands<strong>to</strong>ne and muds<strong>to</strong>nes) andloose Quaternary deposits (including loess, alluvial and coastal deposits). Maps the threefaultlines passing thorough the POTirua Harbour catchment, the Ohariu fault, the Pukeruafault and the Moonshine fault.Bruce, J. (2000). Tile Soils of Welling<strong>to</strong>il, in: Dynamic Well^71g!on, a con!einpoinry synthesis undexplunaiioi? of Well^^810n. I. MCConchie, R. Willis and D. Winchester, eds. <strong>Welling<strong>to</strong>n</strong>, Instituteof Geography, Vic<strong>to</strong>ria University of <strong>Welling<strong>to</strong>n</strong>.Includes description of soils in the POTirua areaCochran, U. (2000). Poleoeiivironinenml analysis o111plofted cousinllttke & wetland sequences illthe Welling10n Region. <strong>Welling<strong>to</strong>n</strong>, New Zealand, School of Earth Sciences, Vic<strong>to</strong>ria Universityof <strong>Welling<strong>to</strong>n</strong>, report <strong>to</strong> the Earthquake Commission Research Foundation. Project N' 991324.Uses fossil dia<strong>to</strong>ms (single celled algae) from sediment cores in three lakes (includingTaupo Swamp north of PIimmer<strong>to</strong>n), <strong>to</strong> reconstruct the lakes' development over limeThe species of dia<strong>to</strong>m change upwards along the core, indicating a change inenvironment (from saline 10 fresh). The suddenness, amount, and direction of changesuggest large seismic uplift. The data collected suggests that the Ohariu Fault slippedbetween 800- 380 BC. Taupo Swamp his<strong>to</strong>ry interpreted from a detailed description ofcores collected, as: 3,900- 580 BC predominantly open lagoon; 580 - 380 BC freshbrackish pond with no sea connection; 380- present, wetlandReportfor Porirua City Council & <strong>Welling<strong>to</strong>n</strong> City CouncilBlaschke and Rutherford Environmental ConsultantsFebruary 20106
Literature review of Porirua Harbour and catchmentAppendix 2: Annotated BibliographyEiby, G. (1990). "Changes 10 Porirua Harbour in about 1855 : his<strong>to</strong>rical tradition and geologicalevidence. " four"u! o11he Royalsocieiy of New Zealand 20(2): 233-248CriticalIy reviews Quenne11(1988), Learny (1958) and Healy (1980), their interpretationof geological uplift and the conclusion that Pauatahanui Inlet was uplifted in the 1855earthquake. Examines his<strong>to</strong>rical documents (navigation charts, <strong>letter</strong>s, and sketches) andfinds no evidence that the inlet became shallower at the time of the quake. Discusseshow the belief in uplift first occurred. Concludes that rocky platforms within the harbourare not uplifted. Attributes uplifted platforms between PIimmer<strong>to</strong>n and Karehara Bayand the northern foreshore of Whitireia <strong>to</strong> uplift movements of the Ohariu fault. Alsoattributes a notch or sea cut cliff Im above high water level on the southern end of theParemata bridge <strong>to</strong> uplift. However, presents no data, such as the height of the upliftedplatforms, <strong>to</strong> correlate coastal features <strong>to</strong> inland measures of the fault movementGibb, J. G. (1986). A New Zealand regional Holocene Gustatic curve and its application <strong>to</strong>determination of vertical Iec<strong>to</strong>nic movements. A contribution <strong>to</strong> IGCP-Project 200. Proceedingsof the International Symposium on Recent Crustal Movements from the Pacific Region,<strong>Welling<strong>to</strong>n</strong>, New Zealand. Royal Society o1New ZealandBwlletin 24: 377-395Presents a Holocene Gustatic sea-level curve for New Zealand using ''C dates fromaround the country. Dales taken from Pauatahanuilnlet are used. Interprets this dataunder the assumption that uplift of ~0.9m occurred in 1855.Grant-Taylor, T. , L. Northey and R. Adams (1970). MIC"ozoning for earthquake ayecis in 1/1ePOWttmhunui Area. New Zealand, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bunetin N'213Detailed description of local soils and geology. Describes geomorphology of area andinfluence of fault movement on geography. 3 maps. Properties of localsoils and geologyused <strong>to</strong> create a microzone map <strong>to</strong> identify areas of similar seismic response of buildingsas a guide for planning. Areas most susceptible <strong>to</strong> shaking: swamp land (unconsolidatedalluvium, water saturated) at Pauatahanui Stream and west of Ration Point, also behindPIimmer<strong>to</strong>n BeachHancox, G. , G. D. Dellow, N. D. Fernn and M. I. MCSaveney (2005). Westent Con. idorTruitsporioiioit SIMdy. Review of geological lidznrds tiffeciiitg Ihe proposed Cousinl HighwayUpgrade und Trailsiiiission Gully Mo<strong>to</strong>rway 1.0uie. Institute of Geological and Nuclear SciencesLtd. for Porirua City Council, Client Report 2005/161Geological hazards reviewed include mainly those related <strong>to</strong> earthquakes: groundshaking, fault rupture, liquefaction, tsunamis, and earthquake-induced landslidesRainfall-induced landslides (including debris floods and debris flows) are also reviewedThese are specific <strong>to</strong> the proposed SHI routes. The reportis in two parts: (1) a review ofexisting reports and documents used for the WCTS and earlier studies of the TGM route;and (2) a review of currentinformation on geological hazards that affectthe two routes.Heron, D. , R. Van Dissen and M. Sawa (1998). Late Qualernary movement on the Ohariu Fault,Tongue Point <strong>to</strong> MOOKays Crossing, North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand JOHNtul ofGeology und Geop/Iysics 41. 4/9-440.Description of Ohariu fault, including early literature and prominent features (such asstream offsets) at different locations. Maps fault traces. The fault last ruptures 1070-1/30 years ago with a horizontal displacement of 3.7m, with an earthquake estimated at7.1 -7.5.Reportfor Porirua City Council & <strong>Welling<strong>to</strong>n</strong> City CouncilBlaschke and Rutherford Environmental ConsultantsFebruary 20107
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