TGPC: Greater Wellington letter to Chair, PCTG BOI - Attachment 2

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Literature review of Porirua Harbour and catchmentAppendix 2: Annotated BibliographyBeach erosion andcoastalchangeBeca and CCNZ (2003). Erosion Assessnient und Managei7teiii 0,110ns at Selecied Sires inPortruu City. Unpublished report for POTirua City Council. Beca Carter Honings & Ferner Ltd& Coastal Consultants NZ LtdMakes recommendations for the management of erosion at two sites. The first of these isalong the eastern edge of the main channelinto POTirua Harbour, on the seaward edge ofNgati Toa Domain, and the second, within the study area, is along the Dolly VardenBeach shoreline. This report picks up on proposals for dune reconstruction, revegetation,and the stabilisation of the dune toes arthe high tide mark with rock worksGibb, I. (1993). A siruiegic plait 10 solve Ihe problei?Is of cousinl erosion at Nguiiiou dollioii? unddeposition of sand near Maria Morntu. Report prepared for POTirua City CouncilNgatitoa Domain currently experience -0.5 to -loin/yr of sea erosion, and is likely toaccelerate in response to a dwindling supply of sand, the focus of wave and wavereflection off the railway reclamation to the north and the accelerated rate of sea levelrise Sand eroded from the domain is lost into POTirua Harbour and is accumulating at1,000-5,000m'/yr as sand banks along the western breakwater of Maria Marina andaround its entrance. Puts forward a plan to solve the erosion problem involving theemplacement of groynes and beach renourishment. Describes the evolution of Maria spitsince ~10,000 years ago 10 present. Supports idea of 1855 uplift. Quantities erosionrates of Ngatitoa domain. System of sand movement is a one way valve with sand beinglost from Ngaiitoa Domain into POTirua HarbourSIGvens, L. and B. Robertson (2006). Broad scale nabitot 1110ppiitg of sandy beaches und riveresiunries on Ihe WeSIern Well^^g!o11 codsi. Nelson, Cawthron Institute, for Greater WellingtonRegional Council, Cawthron Report N" 1035Maps into a GIS database the substrate characteristics of beaches and river estuariesalong the Kapiti coastline as well as Karehana Bay, PIimmerton, Titahi Bay and Makara.Also maps flora, fauna and features. Assessed environmental pressures (such as erosion,nutrient enrichment, stormwater etc. ) and concluded that residential development posesthe most significantimpactto the coastal areas.Stovens, L. and B. Robertson (2008). Porirua Harbour. Broad scale habitat mapping 2007/8.Nelson, Wriggle Coastal management for Greater Wellington Regional Council andPOTirua City CouncilContinuation of mapping and analysis presented in SIGvens and Robertson (2006)Estuary issues discussed include sedimentation (moderate ranking over whole Harbour),eutrophication (moderate ranking over whole Harbour), continuing habitatloss (moderateranking for Pauatahanui Inlet, very high for Onepoio Arm), poor vegetated terrestrialbuffer for whole harbour and very low sanmarsh cover in Onepoto ArmTT (2005). Coastal process review of!he Western Corridor Cousinl Rowie Upgrade. Tonkin andTaylor Ltd. for POTirua City Council, Job n0: 22992.Assessment of coastal hazards and processes relevant to the proposed Paremata Bridge,the reclamation at Ngatitioa Domain and the Centennial Highway upgrade. Informationpresented is mainly from review of literatureReportfor Porirua City Council & Wellington City CouncilBlaschke and Rutherford Environmental ConsultantsFebruary 201022
,Literature review of Porirua Harbour and catchmentAppendix 2: Annotated BibliographyEstuarine BlotaBell, B. , R. Dell, C. FIGrntng, J. Gibb, B. Hamlin, D. Hurley, R. Little, I. Miles and G. Williams(1969). Conse, Tnnon of biological values of Porirua Harbowr. Unpublished report, held atGWRC libraryOutlines importance of estuary with a view to preventing development that couldITreparably damage the estuary, and encourage planned and thoughtful developmentDescribes the vegetation and estuarine species found in the Harbour. Record of fish andbird species found in the area. Describes the estuary as scientifically important and alsoof unique biological significance south of the 38th parallel. Calls for no furtherencroachments on shoreline or restriction of tidal fiatsBell, S. S. and G. R. F. Hicks (1991). Marine landscapes and faunal recruitment: a field test withseagrasses and copepods. Marine Ecology Progress Series 73: 61-68Study at Pauatahanui Inlet on how seagrass structure influences the movement ofcopepods.Bell, S. S. , G. R. F. Hicks and K. Waners (1988). Active swimming in melobenthic copepods ofseagrass beds: geographic comparisons of abundances and reproductive characteristics. MarineBiology 98(3): 351-358Study of movement patterns of copepods at PauatahanuilnletCoull, B. C. and J. B. J. Wells (1981). Density of mud-dwelling melobenthos from three sites inthe Wellington Region. New Zealond Journal of Marine und Freshwoier Resenrc/I 15(4): 4/1-4/5Study of small benthic (bottom dwelling) fauna from three sites in Wellington. RationPoint, Pauatahanui Inlet had the highest density and diversity of fauna, coinparable toother muddy estuarine sediments in other parts of the world, indicating a healthyestuarine system. Lists species found in PauatahanuilnletCurtis, T. D. and J. S. Shima (2005). Geographic and sex-specific variation in growth of yelloweyedmullet, Aidricheiiu forSIeri, from estuaries around New Zealand. New Zealand Journal oMarine und Freshwater Reseurc/? 39. . 1277-1285.Measures the growth rate of male and female yellow-eyed mullet in 14 estuaries acrossNew Zealand. Porirua Harbour was included as a sample site. Females generally grewfaster than males at the lower latitudes and then the relative growth rate of femalesdeclined progressiveIy with increasing latitude. POTirua male/female size distribution andratio similar to species taken from Golden Bay and WhanganuiDavis, S. (1987). Wellunds o1 national jinporinnce 10 fisheries. Christchurch, FreshwaterFisheries Centre MAFFish, NZ Freshwater Fisheries Report N" 90Identification of wetlands with significant fisheries values, to assist in the processes ofselecting wetlands for protection under the Water and Soil Conservation Act (1967).Selection criteria include wetlands which are habitat torare speciesor a diverseassemblage of fish species. Wellington Region has 6 qualifying wetlands includingTaupo Swamp and PauatahanuilnletDickson, M. (1992). Parnsienhelitt at Pauatahanui. re^ro Nova. February 1992: 20-21.Outline of Hick's (1985) study on meiofauna. Pauatahanuilnlet has the highest copepoddensity of anywhere in the world. Significant management implications.Report for Porirua City Council & Wellington City CouncilBlaschke and Rutherford Environmental ConsultantsFebruary 20.023
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TGPC: Greater Wellington letter to Chair, PCTG BOI - Attachment 2

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