alleles

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“Gain”-of-(over wildtype)function (g-o-f) mutant <strong>alleles</strong>too much of a good thing: hypermorph(ic)Increased dose of mutant: phenotype more mutantIncreased dose of wildtype: phenotype more mutantsomething new & different: neomorph(ic):Increased dose of mutant: No change or more mutant in phenotypeIncreased dose of wildtype: No change in phenotypeour friend from the X-files, Antpantagonizes (poisons)wildtype: antimorph(ic)Increased dose of mutant: phenotype more mutant (if possible)Increased dose of wildtype: phenotype more wildtypeovo D1
Categorized with respect to:Mutations (changes in DNA):(1) change in gene function relative to wildtype(2) molecular nature (Chp 7 and a bit of Chp 8)A) single base pair (point mutation)kind of transition (Pur>Pur or Pyr>Pyr)base change transversion (Pur>Pyr)effect frameshift (reading frame changed)on missense (amino acid difference)translation nonsense (translation terminates)B) more than a single base pairchromosomal (enough to see cytologically)pseudopoint(cytologically invisible, and small enough to makeit hard to distinguish genetically from a point)e.g. transposon insertions
Page 1 and 2: Mutations (changes in DNA):the life
Page 3: to infer the normal function of a g
Page 6 and 7: Muller did not just define the five
Page 8 and 9: See how the phenotype changes when
Page 10 and 11: w apricotpartial lof:hypomorph(ic)I
Page 14 and 15: Categorized with respect to:Mutatio
Page 16: categories of conditional mutations

alleles

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