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n o t e slistened to the music of popular rock groupssuch as the Grateful Dead and the JeffersonAirplane. After the music was over, whenpolitical activists took the stage and startedmaking their speeches, the counterculturevanished and left the activists all alone talkingto themselves. Tom Wolfe, The ElectricKool-Aid Acid Test (New York: Farrar, Strausand Giroux, 1968), 221–25; William L.O’Neill, Coming Apart: An Informal Historyof America in the 1960’s (New York: Quadrangle-NewYork Times Book Co., 1974),240–42; Rorabaugh, Berkeley at War, 141.31 Rorabaugh, Berkeley at War, 156.32 Dennis Hevesi, “Roger W. Heyns, 77,Head of Berkeley in the 60’s,” New YorkTimes, Sept. 14, 1995, Obituary; Biography–NYTimes.com; Kenneth J. Garcia,“Roger Heyns—Chancellor in ’60s At UCBerkeley,” Sept. 14, 1995, SFGate.com articlecollections.33 Griffith, “People’s Park,” 15; Scheer, “Dialectics,”52.34 Scheer, “Dialectics,” 48; Griffith, “People’sPark,” 15, 22.35 Berry et al., “The Berkeley Park,” 785;Allen, “Violent Design,” 30–31.36 Scheer, “Dialectics,” 48, 52; Griffith, “People’sPark,” 5, 15, 18, 22; Berry et al., “TheBerkeley Park,” 784–85; “Reagan CondemnsPlanned Violence,” San Francisco Chronicle,May 21, 1969, and “The Neighbors ofthe Park,” May 27, 1969; Allen, “ViolentDesign,” 29–30; Coleman, “The People, ThePolice, and the Park,” 668–69.37 William J. McGill, The Year of the Monkey:Revolt on Campus, 1968–69 (New York:McGraw-Hill, 1982), 159, 161; Sim Van derRyn, Design for Life: The Architecture of SimVan der Ryn (Salt Lake City: Gibbs, SmithPublisher: 2005), 33.38 Griffith, “People’s Park,” 15; Scheer,“Dialectics,” 52; Van der Ryn, “Building aPeople’s Park,” 65.39 Office of the Governor, The “People’sPark,” 5–6; Gitlin, The Sixties, 355; JefferyKahn, “Ronald Reagan Launched PoliticalCareer Using the Berkeley Campus asa Target,” UC Berkeley Web Feature, June8, 2004, http://berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/06/08_reagan.shtml;Rorabaugh, Berkeley at War, 156. Albert, inhis 2004 memoir, described People’s Parkas “my nation, my home, and my poem”(101).40 Griffith, “People’s Park,” 15; Scheer, “Dialectics,”52.41 Scheer, “Dialectics,” 39, 52.42 “Rampage,” Ramparts (Aug. 1969): 54;Peter Barnes, “An Outcry: Thoughts onBeing Gassed,” Newsweek (June 2, 1969,):37; www.alamedacountysheriff.org/ADMIN/history.htm; Rorabaugh, Berkeley at War, 85,154.43 Scheer, “Dialectics,” 52; Griffith, “People’sPark,” 17; Barnes, “An Outcry,” 37; “CityUnder Siege,” San Francisco Chronicle, May16, 1969; Office of the Governor The “People’sPark,” 14–16. Siegel later explained thateverybody departed as soon as he utteredthe words, “Let’s go down there and take thepark,” because the university police shut offpower to the sound equipment at that exactmoment. Michelle Locke, “People’s Park,”Orange County Register, Apr. 19, 1999.44 Barnes, “An Outcry,” 37; Rorabaugh,Berkeley at War, 160–62; Office of the Governor,The “People’s Park,” 16–18.45 Office of the Governor, The “People’sPark,” 18–22.46 Office of the Governor, The “People’sPark,” 28; Griffith, “People’s Park,” 18; Berryet al., “The Berkeley Park,” 786; “Battle ofBerkeley,” Newsweek (June 2, 1969): 36,38; San Francisco Chronicle, May 16, 17, 20,1969.47 “Occupied Berkeley,” Time (May 30,1969): 22; “Rampage,” 54. Although 32gunshot victims were actually hospitalized,many victims—especially those with onlyminor wounds—avoided hospital care ratherthan face the prospect of being arrested bythe police at the hospital. Ramparts placedthe total number of gunshot victims at110. Scheer, “Dialectics,” 52; Brenneman,“Bloody Beginnings of People’s Park.”48 “Rampage,” 54; Berry et al., “The BerkeleyPark,” 786; “Buckshot Blamed in BerkeleyDeath,” San Francisco Chronicle, May 21,1969; “Battle of Berkeley,” 36.49 Griffith, “People’s Park,” 18; CharlesHorman, “The Second Front: Pacifying California,”Commonweal (June 13, 1969): 356.While many Berkeley citizens were shockedat the use of gunfire, Frank Bardacke wasnot. He explained, in terms much like FrankMadigan, that demonstrators had developedan effective strategy against conventionalpolice methods: “When the police took outshot guns with buck shot in them and killedone man and blinded another man, that wasbecause they were . . . in the previous fouror five years unable to control the streetswith tear gas and billy clubs. . . . Peoplewould pick up the tear gas canisters andthrow it back, people would run down thestreets, police couldn’t get them.” Therefore,Bardacke was not surprised when Madiganresorted to the use of shotguns: “Therewas a decision made on the police’s part toescalate their tactics because they wantedto take control of the streets back, they hadto take control of the streets back becausethey were going to try to fence off this pieceof property and that’s why they brought outthe shotguns. Shotguns are no fun at all.They are not the least bit fun, and they controlthe streets just fine”; http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/coldwar/interviews/episode-13/bardackel.html.50 San Francisco Chronicle, May 16, 1969;Office of the Governor, The “People’s Park,”23; Scheer, “A Night at Santa Rita,” Ramparts(Aug. 1969): 50; Berry et al., “TheBerkeley Park,” 787; Barnes, “An Outcry,”37; Kenneth Lamott, Anti-California: Reportfrom Our First Parafascist State (Boston:Little, Brown, 1971), 166.51 “Berkeley Riot Rules Assailed,” San FranciscoChronicle, May 21, 1969; “Mass ArrestsCut Off March in Berkeley,” Chronicle, May23, 1969; “UC Faculty Votes 642–95 To GetRid of Park Fence: Resolution Also UrgesGIs to Go,” Chronicle, May 24, 1969; Berryet al., “The Berkeley Park,” 787; Lamott,Anti-California, 159–65.52 “Helicopter Sprays Students,” San FranciscoChronicle, May 21, 1969, and “GuardTells Why It Gasses Campus,” Chronicle,May 22, 1969; Berry et al., “The BerkeleyPark,” 787, 788; Horman, “Second Front,”356; “Battle of Berkeley,” 36; McGill, TheYear of the Monkey, 179, 265; Lamott, Anti-California, 162–63; “UC Students Vote toKeep the Park,” San Francisco Chronicle,May 23, 1969; Griffith, “People’s Park,”18; Scheer, “Dialectics,” 49; “OccupiedBerkeley,” 22; Rorabaugh, Berkeley at War,165–66.53 Scheer, “Dialectics,” 49; “UC FacultyVotes 642-95 To Get Rid of Park Fence”;“Berkeley Quiet-GIs Off Street,” San FranciscoChronicle, May 26, 1969, and “ReaganEnds Berkeley Bans,” Chronicle, May 26,1969.54 “A Massive Protest: Throng DemandsTroops Pull Out of Berkeley,” San FranciscoChronicle, May 27, 1969, and “The Day inBerkeley: A Big Peaceful March,” May 31,California History • volume 88 number 1 2010
1969; McGill, The Year of the Monkey, 193;Rorabaugh, Berkeley at War, 164–65.55 “Berkeley Crisis: Reagan Orders Guardto Leave,” San Francisco Chronicle, June 3,1969; Office of the Governor, The “People’sPark,” 27.56 San Francisco Chronicle, June 8, 1969;“Flower Power,” Newsweek (June 9, 1969):92; Griffith, “People’s Park,” 18; Rorabaugh,Berkeley at War, 165.57 “Regents Ban Park,” San FranciscoChronicle, June 21, 1969; Griffith, “People’sPark,” 22; Scheer, “Dialectics,” 52; Barnes,“Outcry,” 37.58 McGill, The Year of the Monkey, 155.Hoover actively assisted Reagan’s 1966gubernatorial campaign against the incumbentliberal Democrat, Edmund G. “Pat”Brown. He provided Reagan’s campaignwith classified FBI reports, handing Reaganample fodder for criticizing “the mess atBerkeley.” Kahn, “Ronald Reagan”; Allen,“Violent Design,” 33.59 Office of the Governor, The “People’sPark,” 8; Rorabaugh, Berkeley at War, 110–11,165–66, 176; “The Nation: Peace in thePark,” Time (May 29, 1972), www.time.com/magazine/article/.60 “People’s Park,” –Wikipedia, “People’sPark Chronology—Modern History ofPeople’s Park,” http://www.peoplespark.org/tmline.html.61 Jonathan Rabinowitz, “The People’s ParkStruggle Resumes After 20 Years,” New YorkTimes, Apr. 24, 1989; Larry Gordon, “UCto Lease, Not Build on ‘People’s Park,’” LosAngeles Times, Nov. 1, 1989; Craig Anderson,“Since We’re Neighbors, Let’s Be Friends,”miscellaneous clipping dated Nov. 10, 1989,contained in packet mailed to author byMiranda Oshigi of Berkeley’s Mayor’s Officeon July 18, 1990; “Memorandum of AccordBetween the Mayor of Berkeley and theChancellor of the University of California atBerkeley,” Oct. 30, 1989, included in packetmailed by Miranda Oshigi.62 “People’s Park”–Wikipedia; “People’s ParkChronology”; Don Mitchell, The Right to theCity: Social Justice and the Fight for PublicSpace (New York: The Guilford Press, 2003),125–28.63 Mitchell, Right to the City, 128, 134.64 Jane Gross, “Police Kill Protester at Berkeleyin Break-In at Chancellor’s Home,” NewYork Times, Aug. 26, 1992, www.nytimes.com; “Rosebud Denovo”—Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosebud Denovo;Claire Burch, What Really Killed Rosebud?(Oakland: Regent Press, 2000), “Outlawson the Left and Right,” Time (Sept. 7, 1992),www.time.com/time/magazine/article/.65 “People’s Park”–Wikipedia; “People’sPark Chronology”; Anna Hiatt, “CampusSeeks Input in Effort to Revamp Park: CommunitySplit on Right Approach for Much-Contested Site,” The Daily Californian, July9, 2007; Arianna Puopolo, “People’s ParkCelebrates 40th Anniversary,” City on a HillPress, May 14, 2009.66 People’s Park home page, http://www.peoplespark.org/; Brenneman, “BloodyBeginnings of People’s Park”; “People’sPark”–Wikipedia.67 Judy Gumbo Albert, “People’s Park Plus,”Berkeley Daily Planet, Apr. 30, 2009; “People’sPark”–Wikipedia.68 Puopolo, “People’s Park Celebrates.”69 Albert, “People’s Park Plus.”Significant Others: The DefiningDomestic Life of Caroline SeymourSeverance, By Diana Tittle, PP 30–52Caption sources: Parton, Horace Greeley etal., Eminent Women of the Age (Hartford, CT:S. M. Betts & Company, 1869), 379; DianaTittle, The Severances: An American Odyssey,from Puritan Massachusetts to Ohio’s WesternReserve, and Beyond (Cleveland: WesternReserve Historical Society, 2010); Ella GilesRuddy, ed., The Mother of Clubs: CarolineM. Seymour Severance: An Estimate and anAppreciation (Los Angeles: Baumgardt PublishingCompany, 1906), 21, 124; CarolineSeverance to James S. Severance, n.d., box36, folder 24, Severance Papers, HuntingtonLibrary, San Marino, California; Thelma LeeHubbell and Gloria Ricci Lothrop, “The FridayMorning Club: A Los Angeles Legacy,”in Women in the Life of Southern California:An Anthology Compiled from Southern CaliforniaQuarterly, ed. Doyce B. Nunis Jr. (LosAngeles: Historical Society of SouthernCalifornia, 1996), 304–05; Joan M. Jensen,“After Slavery: Caroline Severance in LosAngeles,” Southern California Quarterly 48(June 1966): 82; Debra Gold Hansen, KarenF. Gracy, and Sheri D. Irvin, “At the Pleasureof the Board: Women Librarians andthe Los Angeles Public Library, 1880–1905,”Libraries & Culture 34, no. 4 (Fall 1999): 337;“California Women Profit by Ballot,” NewYork Times, July 11, 1920.1 Hubbell and Lothrop, “The Friday MorningClub,” 283.2 For Theodoric Cordenio Severance’s lifeand business career and descriptions of hischaracter, see Mark Sibley Severance, AnAutobiography (privately printed, 1924) andDavid C. Dewsnap, The Severance Genealogy(Westminster, Maryland: Heritage Books,2007), 100–1, 194. The Italian surgeonTheodoric and his teacher, Hugo of Lucca,pioneered the use of anesthetics in the thirteenthcentury. Their advanced techniquesand beliefs—most notably, that woundsshould not be allowed to suppurate, butmust be kept clean in order to heal—werepreserved in Theodoric’s Latin treatises,which were translated into English in thelate Middle Ages and published under thetitle The Surgery of Theodoric; see EldridgeCampbell and James Colton, trans., The Surgeryof Theodoric: ca. A.D. 1267, 2 vols. (NewYork: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1955–60).For biographical details about Robert BruceSeverance, see Reverend John F. Severance,The Severans Genealogical History (OrangePark, FL: Quintin Publications, 2007),37–38.3 Severance family records, privately held inCleveland, OH (hereafter cited as SFR).4 Mrs. Walter E. Burnham et al, History andTradition of Shelburne, Massachusetts (Shelburne,MA: History and Tradition of ShelburneCommittee, 1958), 194. Stephen W.Williams, “A Medical History of the Countyof Franklin, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,”Massachusetts Medical Society,Medical Communications 7 (1842–48). TheSeverances’ third child bore the name ofone of eighteenth-century England’s mostbrilliant minds: the physician, physiologist,and philosopher Erasmus Darwin, grandfatherof Charles Darwin.5 Diana Severance, obituary, n.p., n.d., SFR.6 See Egbert W. Kelso, The History of PublicPoor Relief in Massachusetts 1620–1920 (NewYork: Houghton Mifflin, 1922).7 For biographical details about David Long,see Elroy McKendree Avery, A History ofCleveland and Its Environs: The Heart of NewConnecticut, vol. 2 (Chicago & New York:Lewis Publishing, 1918), 321–22; D. H.Beckwith, “Early Medical Work of Cleveland,”Annals of the Early Settlers Associationof Cuyahoga County 5, no. 6 (1909). “ServicesHeld in Memory of the Late CatherineSears,” newspaper article, n.p., n.d., SFR.Article, The (Cleveland) Herald, n.d., SFR.
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california historyvolume 88 number
Page 6 and 7: c o l l e c t i o n sAdmission tick
Page 8 and 9: c o l l e c t i o n sBusiness cards
Page 10 and 11: People’s Park:Birth and SurvivalB
Page 12 and 13: even on existing dorms due to the h
Page 14 and 15: The attraction, however, was fleeti
Page 16 and 17: Bay Area—North Beach and Haight-A
Page 18 and 19: A hundred students, activists, and
Page 20 and 21: are building a park on the land. We
Page 22 and 23: and illegal drug use in the park. T
Page 24: without even allowing Siegel to con
Page 27 and 28: As Bloody Thursday came to a close,
Page 29 and 30: this state.” On June 20, Reagan t
Page 31 and 32: Denovo, her autopsy revealed a down
Page 33 and 34: ation and encouragement, and shed n
Page 35 and 36: the guardians of her children. The
Page 37 and 38: mitted to visit Caroline in her new
Page 39 and 40: Sojourner Truth gave what famously
Page 41 and 42: After emancipation, she helped to o
Page 43 and 44: This 1885 view captures the sparsel
Page 45 and 46: But Caroline thought it imprudent t
Page 47 and 48: The “Mother of Clubs”In Boston,
Page 49 and 50: Caroline attended the September 189
Page 51 and 52: ments, Seymour and Sibley earned pe
Page 53 and 54: In this photograph, San Francisco s
Page 55: n o t e s12People’s Park: Birth a
Page 59 and 60: that “thousands of the brightest
Page 61 and 62: For Both Cross andFlag: Catholic Ac
Page 63 and 64: d o n o r sThe California Historica
Page 65 and 66: In Kind DonationsSandy Alderson, Sa
Page 67: Membership BenefitsJoin tHeCaliforn
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