Clouds over Red RoofUnable to secure meaningful work, T.C. filled theuntraditional role of his wife’s helpmate and stayat-homehusband. He lived vicariously throughhis sons’ continuing adventures with ranching.Sometime in 1875–76, the Severance brothershad purchased—apparently with the assistanceof their parents—a portion of the Mexican landgrantRancho Muscupiabe, north of San Bernardino.The purchase price was $25,000, andit seems likely that the family had to assume alarge mortgage in order to pay for the 8,900-acreparcel, located about sixty-five miles east of LosAngeles. The timing of the purchase was inauspicious.A severe drought plagued <strong>California</strong> in thefall and winter of 1876–77, drying up the streamsand creeks on which both sheep and cattle ranchingand the state’s fledgling agricultural industrydepended. The market value of sheep on the hoofdipped to as little as ten cents a head. Unable topay property taxes, the Severances lost the ranchto the state. 57Seymour and Sibley bought the property backin 1878 for $800, but they had little time andmoney to invest in its development. Seymourwas living in Tecopa, <strong>California</strong>, near the state’sborder with Nevada, working futilely to protectthe family’s ill-advised investment in a miningoperation that had no ready means of transportingits excavated silver and lead ore to the nearestmarkets two hundred miles away. Sibley wasnow married and working as an assistant to theLos Angeles freight agent of the Central PacificRailroad, the <strong>California</strong>-to-Utah section of thefirst transcontinental railroad. He had met hisbride, Annie Crittenden, when she joined hishorseback-riding set. Annie was a niece of MarkHopkins, one of the “Big Four” builders of theCentral Pacific (along with Leland Stanford, C. P.Huntington, and Charles Crocker), but Sibley hadlanded his job through another connection. T.C.and Caroline lived off their sons’ largesse andcredit from obliging merchants. For a while, thebrothers were stretched so thin it looked as if thefamily might have to give up Red Roof.“[O]ur Los Angeles life is a continual drain &strain, with nothing coming in,” Sibley advisedhis father in May 1879, “& the sooner we put astop to it the better. . . . [B]y next winter or so,I think by all means the place might as wellbe sold . . . and for the present,” he continued,“Mrs. Woodward or Mrs. Lee will have to wait alittle while, does it not seem so to you? See howlong Mrs. W. can wait. And when you do cometo terms or to leaving you must make every centtell & must sell everything not needed, like theextra horses, etc. & not leave a large establishmentat a low price and a great bargain for othersto enjoy.” 58Fortunately for the elder Severances, the upsettingtalk of selling Red Roof came to an end afterSibley helped Seymour obtain full-time employmentwith the Central Pacific. Sibley and Anniedid well enough—he, through promotion tofreight agent in Central Pacific’s Salt Lake Cityoffice, she, through inheritances—to turn RanchoMuscupiabe into their avocation upon theirreturn to southern <strong>California</strong>. In the late 1890s,the couple built a home on the ranch, set outseveral thousand eucalyptus trees and hundredsof orange and lemon trees, and indulged theirmutual passion for horses by raising Thoroughbreds.Neither racehorses nor citrus farming netteda profit. 59The Severance brothers would have to wait untilSan Bernardino had completed its slow expansionnorthward to their property lines to findbuyers for their land. By the mid-1920s, they hadsold off approximately 6,000 acres to real estatedevelopers, a country club, and the city of SanBernardino (among others). On these sales thebrothers grossed nearly $400,000. After subtractingproperty taxes, the principal and intereston various mortgages, and the cost of improve-<strong>California</strong> History • volume 88 number 1 2010
ments, Seymour and Sibley earned perhaps$100,000 apiece for their combined one hundredyears of redevelopment effort. The absenceof a water system accounted for the low pricestheir land had fetched. Once city water becameavailable, the brothers enjoyed what Sibley considered“big returns” on sales of parcels fromtheir remaining three-thousand-acre inventory. 60T.C. did not live to see his sons realize thefamily’s dream of creating wealth from theirpioneering investment in <strong>California</strong> real estate.In his early seventies he began to suffer fromepileptic seizures. He shared his distress at thesudden restriction of his independence with hissister-in-law, Mary Severance, in Cleveland, withwhom he annually exchanged letters around thetime of their shared March 1 birthday. SolomonSeverance’s widow commiserated with T.C. andsuggested that his rapid recovery from eachattack offered hope that his life would “yet belengthened by many years.” An evangelical Presbyterian,Mary Severance felt duty bound, however,to remind her “dear brother” that he mustprepare for the inevitable by placing his faith inJesus Christ. “Look back to the time when youfound him precious to your Soul,” Mary gentlyadmonished him. “Though you have sought throlong years for some other way, you must comeback to the feeling that there is no other namegiven but Jesus, whereby men can be saved.” 61T.C. made peace at least with his close confinementto home during the last five or six years ofhis life. He learned to take pleasure in simpleactivities, such as riding the streetcar to and fromthe post office, and doted on the company of hisniece. Caroline’s only brother, James Seymour,had followed his sister to <strong>California</strong> and livednearby at West Adams Boulevard and Grand Avenue.James’s daughter, Carrie, watched over heruncle during her aunt’s travels. She often joinedTheodoric for breakfast (a hearty meal of figs,oatmeal, chopped beef on toast and “a good cupof real nice coffee”), and he would eat an earlydinner at the Seymours’ table. Afterward, he andCarrie liked to play word games. 62Still, Caroline’s extended absences pained herhusband, who expressed his longing for his wifeof fifty years by letting her know that things wentto hell in a handbasket whenever she wasn’t athome. “McMullen has not come to plow,” hecomplained in a letter written in the early fallof 1890 when Caroline was away for two weeksat church camp, “but promises to be here thismorning & it strikes me that I shall give him atalking to—about his nice wife and baby!” Continuingwith his list of vexations, T.C. wrote, “Thisblot, below, was on this sheet, when I turned itup, so I trust you’ll not charge it to me. . . . Nowashwoman yet this week nor last, & if it was mycase I should set Jane at it, instead of allowing herto mouse around here doing nothing. She’s nottouched a thing of the work & I think she shoulddo something, what is she here for?” 63Theodoric Cordenio Severance passed awayon October 21, 1892. “The dear father is sadlymissed . . . ,” Caroline said of her seventy-eightyear-oldhusband. Her involvement with themovement to win the franchise for <strong>California</strong>’swomen would help to keep her mind off her loss.“I Have Gained My Majority”For nearly fifty years, Caroline Severance hadbeen active with the women’s suffrage movement,which had yet to achieve many victories.In 1866, she had helped Susan B. Anthonyand Elizabeth Cady Stanton organize the EqualRights Association, which soon disbanded overdisagreements about the wisdom of advocatingfor the voting rights of male African Americans,who might side with their white counterparts inopposing women’s suffrage. Believing in equalrights for all Americans, she had joined withLucy Stone in 1869 to cofound the Americancontinued on page 529
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