Basic Life Support CPR

Basic Life SupportCPR

IntroductionMr. KASU basketball gameStudent: You saved my child’s lifeIntroduce Annie

CPR Training PrecautionsDo not practice on a personClean faces properly after eachuseAlcoholBleach wash

Do Not Use A Manikin If:Cold or sore throatKnown positive hepatitis Bor CInfected by HIV or AIDSYou have an infection

CPRCombines rescue breathing andchest compressionsRevives heart (cardio) and lung(pulmonary) functioningUse when there is no breathing andno pulseProvides O2 to the brain untilACLS arrives

How CPR WorksEffective CPR provides 1/4 to1/3 normal blood flowRescue breaths contain 16%oxygen (21%)

Start CPR ImmediatelyBetter chance of survivalBrain damage starts in 4-6minutesBrain damage is certain after10 minutes without CPR

Do Not Move the VictimUntil CPR is Given andQualified HelpArrives…unless the scene dictatesotherwisethreat of fire or explosionvictim must be on a hard surfacePlace victim level or headslightly lower than body

Even With SuccessfulCPR, Most Won’tSurvive Without ACLSACLS (AdvancedCardiac LifeSupport)ACLS includesdefibrillation,oxygen, drugtherapy

RAPA - Activate EMS ( if unresponsive)YOU - call 911 – come back and let meknow what they said (another can stay bythe phone)You may have to make the call

RAPP - Position on backAll body parts rolled over atthe same timeAlways be aware of head andspinal cord injuriesSupport neck and spinalcolumn

ABCDAirwayBreathingCirculation - BleedingDisability (keep this in mind fromthe beginning)If victim is unconscious but doesdisplay vital signs, place on left side

Checking Vital SignsA – AirwayOpen the airwayHead tilt chin lift

B – Check For BreathingLook, listen andfeel forbreathing No longer than10 secondsseconds

Breathing If the victim is not breathing,give two breaths (1 second orlonger) Pinch the nose Seal the mouth with yours If the first two don’t go in, retiltand give two more breaths(if breaths still do not go in,suspect choking)

Breathing: Mouth ToNose (when to use)Can’t open mouthCan’t make a good sealSeverely injured mouthStomach distensionMouth to stoma(tracheotomy)

CompressionsAfter giving breaths… Locate proper hand position for chestcompressionsPlace heel of one hand on center of chestbetween the nipples OR

CompressionsUsing both hands, give30 chest compressionsCount 1, 2, 3 …Depth of compressions:1 .5 to 2 inchesFor children: ½ to 1/3 ofchest depth and use 1 or2 hands (keep one handon forehead if possible)

CPRAfter 30 chest compressionsgive:2 slow breathsContinue until help arrives orvictim recoversIf the victim starts moving:check breathing

When Can I StopCPR? Victim revives Trained help arrives Too exhausted to continue Unsafe scene Physician directed (do not resuscitateorders) Cardiac arrest of longer than 30 minutes(controversial)

When to Stop CPRVictim revivesReplaced by another rescuerToo exhaustedTrucker

Two PartnerCPRRescuer 1:RAPABRescuer 2:place hands for compressionsCompression rate: 30:2Switch off when tired1 and 2…..4 and change

Checking for CPREffectivenessDoes chest rise and fall withrescue breaths?Have a second rescuer checkpulse while you givecompressions

Why CPR May FailDelay in startingImproper procedures (ex. Forget topinch nose)No ACLS follow-up and delay indefibrillationOnly 15% who receive CPR live to go homeImproper techniquesTerminal disease or unmanageabledisease (massive heart attack)

Injuries Related toCPRRib fracturesLaceration related tothe tip of the sternumLiver, lung, spleen

Complications ofCPRVomitingAspirationPlace victim on left sideWipe vomit from mouth withfingers wrapped in a clothReposition and resume CPR

Stomach DistensionAir in the stomach Creates pressure against thelungsPrevention of Stomach DistensionDon’t blow too hardSlow rescue breathingRe-tilt the head to make sure the airway isopenUse mouth to nose method

Mouth to Mouth BarrierDevicesMasksShields

If You Are Afraid to PerformCPRCall EMSOpen the airwayGive chest compressions

Choking The tongue is the most commonobstruction in the unconscious victim(head tilt- chin lift) Vomit Foreign body Balloons Foods Swelling (allergic reactions/ irritants) Spasm (water is inhaled suddenly)

How To RecognizeChokingCan you hear breathing orcoughing sounds?High pitched breathing sounds?Is the cough strong or weak? Can’t speak, breathe or coughUniversal distress signal (clutchesneck)Turning blue

Recognizing Choking#2A partial airway obstructionwith poor air exchange shouldbe treated as if it were acomplete airway blockage.If victim is coughing strongly,do not intervene

Conscious Choking(Adult Foreign Body Airway Obstruction) Give 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlichmaneuver)Place fist just above theumbilicus (normal size) Give 5 upward and inward thrusts Pregnant or obese? 5 chest thrusts Fists on sternum If unsuccessful, support chest with onehand and give back blows with the other Continue until successful or victimbecomes unconscious

If You Are Choking AndYou Are AloneUse fistUse corner of furnitureBe creative

If Victim BecomesUnconscious AfterGiving ThrustsCall 911 Try to support victim withyour knees while loweringvictim to the floor Assess Begin CPR After chest compressions,check for object before givingbreaths breaths

You Enter An Empty RoomAnd Find An UnconsciousVictim On The FloorWhat do you do?Assess the victim (RAPABC)Give CPR if neededAfter giving compressions: look for object in throatthen give breaths

CPR for Infants(Under 1 Year of Age)Same procedures(RAPAB) except:Seal nose and mouth ornose onlyGive shallow “puffs”

CPR: InfantsRAPABGive CPRPress sternum 1/2 to 1/3depth of the chestUse middle and ring finger30 compressions to 2If alone, resuscitate for 2minutes then call 911

Choking:Conscious InfantsPosition with headdownward5 back blows (check forexpelled object)5 chest thrusts (checkfor expelled object)Repeat

Choking: UnconsciousInfants If infant becomes unconscious: RAPAB When the first breaths don’t go in, check forobject in throat then try 2 more breaths. If neither set of breaths goes in, suspectchoking Begin 30 compressions Check for object in throat (no blind fingersweep) Give 2 breaths

SIDS5000 per yearAffects more males than femalesNo know causeNo indication of problemUsually occurs during the sleepduring first 6 months of lifePlace baby on back (now, side)Avoid “fluffy” blankets etc.