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MOLASSES.Osmosis.—It follows from the above sections that if the salts could beremoved from an exhausted molasses, the conditions of solubility of the sugarwould be altered and a further portion would be capable of crystallization.About 1850 a method of effecting this was worked out by Dubrunfaut. Theprinciple of his process known as osmosis is as follows : If a concentrated solutionof any soluble body be separated from a weaker solution or from water bya semi-porous membrane, such as parchment, the two solutions will pass throughthe membrane until they are of the same concentration. The rate at whichthis osmosis or diffusion takes place is not the same for all bodies; inorganicsalts such as potassium chloride diffuse much faster than sugar; hence if asolution of molasses be separated by a parchment membrane from water, agreater proportion of salts will pass through the membrane in a given time thansugar. An osmogene is an apparatus to effect this separation ; it consists of astructure similar to a filter press in which are held a series of wooden frames,shown in elevation in Fig. 217. Between each frame are placed sheets of
CANE SUGAK.being sufficient to treat three tons of molasses in twenty-four hours), theextreme dilution of the osmosed molasses, the expense of evaporation, and thesmall extra yield of sugar entirely discounting the monetary value of theprocess.
Page 5 and 6:
THE LITERATURE OF THE CANE.The deve
Page 7 and 8:
PREFACE.MANUFACTURE.Soames. Treatis
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CANE SUGAR.EXPERIMENT STATIONS DEVO
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TABLB OF CONTENTS,CHAPTER XVI.PAGET
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ERRATA.Page 72, Line 6 from bottom.
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CANESUGAR.CHAPTER I.THE CANE.The su
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THE CANE.Immediately above each joi
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THE cANE.Structure of the Stalk.—
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THE CANE.7
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THE CANE.of intermediate size; 20,
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THE CANE.4. Generally those parts o
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CHAPTER II.THE COMPOSITION OF THE C
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THE COMPOSITION OF THE CANE.The Red
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FIG. 9.BOURBON.3/4SIZEPLATE I
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CHAPTER III.RANGE AND CLIMATE.The s
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CAKE SUGAR.A very sweet and pure ca
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CANE SUGAR.a hotter one, as the pur
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CANE SUGAE.under the name of Portii
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CANE SUGAR.The Cheribon Canes.— W
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CANE SUGAR.4. Stubbs states that th
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CANE SUGAR.green with red streaks r
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CANE SUGAR.is small and round. Acco
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VARIETIES OF THE CANE.The Creole Ca
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VARIETIES OF THE CANE.New Guinea Ca
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VARIETIES OF THE CANE.instance of b
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VARIETIES OF THE CANE.Moquette in J
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VARIETIES OP THE CANE.Mauritius Can
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VARIETIES OF THE CANE.Home of the S
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CHAPTER V.SUGAR CANE SOILS.The cane
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SUGAR CANE SOILS.Hawaiian Soils.—
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PLATE III
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CAFE SUGAR." The fertilizing elemen
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CANE SUGAR.Cuban Soils.—The soils
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CANE SUGAR.REFERENCES IN CHAPTER V.
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CANE SUGAR.5. Practically on all so
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CANE SUGAR.9. The determinations of
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CANE SUGAR.9. The most advantageous
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CANE SUGAR.11. The fact that the ap
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CANE SUGAR.Java.—Repeated experim
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THE MANURING OF THE CANE.growth, an
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THE MANURING OF THE CANE.The experi
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THE MANURING OF THE CANE.In more th
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THE MANURING OF THE CANE.order of a
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THE MAN USING OF THE CANE.Cotton se
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THE MANURING OF THE CANE.proportion
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THE MANURING OF THE CANE.sheet woul
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THE MANURING OF THE CANE.The amount
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PLATE V
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CANE SUGAR.moment accepted that, th
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CANE SUGAR.In Louisiana, after plan
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CANE SUGAR.Among other plants grown
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CANE SUGAR.in each. case. The curve
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CANE SUGAR.REFERENCES IN CHAPTER VI
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CANE SUGAR.soil. At twelve months o
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CANE SUGAR.cintas or beds of five r
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CANE SUGAR.
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" • ^
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CANE SUGAR.The third method is the
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CANE SUGAR.rise in humidity of 12-5
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CHAPTER VIII.THE HUSBANDRY OP THE C
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CANE SUGAR." I consider this machin
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THE HUSBANDRY OF THE CAKE.single mo
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THE HUSBANDRY OF THE CANE.When used
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THE HUSBANDRY OF THE CANE.After the
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THE HUSBANDRY OF THE CANE.111
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THE HUSBANDRY OF THE CANE.1188
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THE HUSBANDRY OF THE CANE.the soil
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CANE SUGAR.cultivator of the planet
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THE HUSBANDRY OF THE CANE.These rea
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CHAPTER IX.THE PESTS AND DISEASES O
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PLATE VIII
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CANE SUGAR.egg mass of Scirpophaga
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CANE SUGAR.Orthopterous Pests.—Th
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CANE SUGAR.hours, and that there sy
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CANE SUGAR.one or more parasites, a
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CANE SUGAR.association is debatable
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CANE SUGAR.6. Ring Spot Disease. 23
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CANE SUGAR.infected parts are cover
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CANE SUGAR.seen to wilt; on applyin
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THE PESTS AND DISEASES OP THE CANE.
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THE PESTS AND DISEASES OF THE CANE.
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Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
CHAPTER X.THE HARVESTING- OF THE CA
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PLATE XI.
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CANE SUGAR.will haul four of these
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CANE SUGAR.164
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CANE SUGAR.Fluming.—Fluming is a
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CANE SUGAR.When a car is to be unlo
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PLATE XIII.
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CHAPTER XI.THE EXTRACTION OF JUICE
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CANE SUGAR.consists of slotting eit
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CANE SUGAR.pattern. They are, howev
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CANE SUGAR.rollers rest on surfaces
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PLATEXVFIG. 101.
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CANE SUGAR.successful, one very pot
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CANE SUGAR.A nine-roller mill and c
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CANE SUGAR.whichln turn convey powe
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CANE SUGAR.contact, its width shoul
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(2)ThenON = r cot a = rm.which the
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CANE SUGAR.Draw the positions of th
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CANE SUGAR.is here materially incre
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CANE SUGAR.Cane shredders consist o
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CANE SUGAR.Pressure Regulators.—M
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CANE SUGAR.accumulator is b the pre
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CANE SUGAR.The toggle gear, Fig, 12
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CANE SUGAR.the writer has noticed t
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CANE SUGAE.Saturation—By this exp
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CANE SUGAR.which the megass travels
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CANE SUGAR.206
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CANE SUGAR.Saturation Processes.—
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CANE SUGAR.95-0 per cent, (see prev
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CANE SUGAR.The same canes with doub
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ftfCANE SUGAR.Assuming that with lo
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CANE SUGAR.Purity, or % Available S
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CANE SUGAR.218
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CANE SUGAR.220
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CANE SUGAR.The Structure of the Can
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CANE SUGAR.This experiment shows th
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CANE SUGAR.is enclosed in a sheet i
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CANE SUGAR.the object of which is t
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CANE SUGAR.elements which may he ar
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CANE SUGAR.Louisiana the per cent,
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CANE SDGAE.At the United States Gov
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CANE SUGAR.Kessler Process.—The K
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CANE SUGAR.Perichon Process. 6 —T
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CANE SUGAR.being conducted in the m
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CANE SUGAR.5. In Mauritius a peculi
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CANE SUGAR.temperature of the juice
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CANE SUGAR.Below are given analyses
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CANE SUGAR.is a column c, provided
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CANE SUGAR.and the acid bisulphites
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CANE SUGAR.Clarification for White
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CANE SUGAR.consumption sugars witho
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CANESUGAR.2. Influence of Acid.—T
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CANE SUGAR.of the hydrogen ions, an
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CANE SUGAR.Edson 23 experimenting a
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CHAPTER XIV.THE CARBONATION* PROCES
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CANESUGAR.the decreased quantity of
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CANE SUGAR.Carbonating Tanks.—The
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CANE SUGAR.The base of the kiln is
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CANE SUGAR.The inefficient working
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CANE SUGAR.,In making high-class wh
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CANE SUGAR.274
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CANE SUGAR.sugar in the cake is not
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CANE SUGAR.with the main steam pipe
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CANE SUGAR.Sand Filtration.—In Fi
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CHAPTER XVI.THE EVAPORATION OF THE
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CANE SUGAR.The transmission of heat
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CANE SUGAR.than can saturated steam
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CANE SUGAR.288
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CANE SUGAR.vapour enters the caland
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CANE SUGAR.The Horizontal Tube Appa
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CANE SUGAR.FIG. 164.294
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CANE SUGAR.the pipe g; a minute air
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CANE SUGAR.The Yaryan.—The Yaryan
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CANE SUGAR.liquor just fast enough
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CANE SUGAR.Witeowitz Heater.—In F
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CANE SUGAR.(b) A steam belt complet
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CANE SUGAR.of the level of the uppe
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CANE SUGAR.The writer has found, ho
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CANE SUGAR.5. The total quantity ev
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CANE SUGAR.Then since the vapour at
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CANE SUGAR.effects with steam at 23
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the ratioCANE SUGAR.A similar calcu
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CANE SUGAR.It is however in the pan
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CANE SUGAR.i.e., 91 91 per cent. of
Page 354 and 355:
CANE SUGAR.Vapour Pipes.—Taking t
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CANE SUGAR.Per square foot of heati
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CANE SUGAR.enters at b, overflows o
Page 360 and 361:
CANE SUGAR.328
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CANE SUGAR.channel d and equalizes
Page 364 and 365:
CANE SUGAR.pressure of 1.97 lbs. pe
Page 366 and 367:
CANE SUGAR.If a series of calculati
Page 368 and 369:
CANE SUGAR.Failing these appliances
Page 370 and 371:
THE EVAPORATION OF THE JUICE TO SYR
Page 372 and 373:
CHAPTER XVII.THE CONCENTRATION OP T
Page 374 and 375:
THE CONCENTRATION OF THE SYRUP TO M
Page 376 and 377:
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383: THE CONCENTRATION OF THE SYRUP TO M
Page 394 and 395: THE CONCENTRATION OF THE SYEUP TO M
Page 404 and 405: CHAPTER XVIII.THE SEPARATION OE THE
Page 406 and 407: THE SEPARATION OF THE CRYSTALS.Moti
Page 408 and 409: THE SEPARATION OF THE CRYSTALS.to t
Page 410 and 411: PLATE XVIII.
Page 412 and 413: THE SEPARATION OP THE CRYSTALS.Moti
Page 414 and 415: THE SEPARATION OP THE CRYSTALS.brak
Page 416 and 417: THE SEPARATION OF THE CRYSTALS.A la
Page 418 and 419: FIG. 214.on flexible inclined blade
Page 420 and 421: THE SEPARATION OP THE CRYSTALS.Suga
Page 422 and 423: THE SEPARATION OF THE CRYSTALS.Comp
Page 424 and 425: MOLASSES.Geerligs reviews the resul
Page 426 and 427: MOLASSES.possessing an aldehyde gro
Page 428 and 429: MOLASSES.gums. The composition" of
Page 430 and 431: MOLASSES.Geerligs' theory has even
Page 434 and 435: FIG. 17.PORTMACKAY.•1PLATE XVI
Page 436 and 437: CANE SUGAR.In the second operation
Page 438 and 439: CANE SUGAR.Manufacture of Alcohol
Page 440 and 441: CHAPTER XX.MEGASS AS FUEL.The batte
Page 442 and 443: CANE SUGAR.Choice of a Boiler for a
Page 444 and 445: CANE SUGAR.The essential difference
Page 446 and 447: CANE SUGAR.variety) varies within l
Page 448 and 449: CANE SUGAR.observations have appare
Page 450 and 451: CANE SUGAR.The heat carried away in
Page 452 and 453: CANE SUGAR.Actually, then, under fa
Page 454 and 455: MEGASS AS FUEL.The total evaporatio
Page 456 and 457: MEG ASS AS FUEL.the carrier c which
Page 458 and 459: MEGASS AS FUEL.Analysis of the Flue
Page 460 and 461: MEGASS AS FUEL.the specific heats o
Page 462 and 463: PLATEXII.FIG. 90.FIG 91.
Page 464 and 465: MEGASS AS FUEL.pressure of 90 lbs.
Page 466 and 467: CHAPTERXXITHE POLARISCOPE AS APPLIE
Page 468 and 469: THE POLARISCOPE AS APPLIED TO SUGAR
Page 478 and 479: THE POLAEISCOPE AS APPLIED TO SUGAR
Page 482 and 483:
THE POLARISOOPE AS APPLIED TO SUGAR
Page 484 and 485:
THE POLARISCOPE AS APPLIED TO SUGAR
Page 486 and 487:
CHAPTERXXII.THE OPTICAL ASSAY OF SU
Page 488 and 489:
THE OPTICAL ASSAY OF SUGARS.60 cc.
Page 490 and 491:
THE OPTICAL ASSAY OF SUGARS.The Eff
Page 492 and 493:
THE OPTICAL ASSAY OF SUGARS.Specifi
Page 494 and 495:
THE OPTICAL ASSAY OF SUGARS.origina
Page 496 and 497:
THE OPTICAL ASSAY OF SUGARS.The dif
Page 498 and 499:
CHAPTER XXIII.THE DETERMINATION OF
Page 500 and 501:
THE DETERMINATION OF SEDUCING SUGAR
Page 502 and 503:
THE DETERMINATION OF REDUCING SUGAR
Page 504 and 505:
Page 506 and 507:
THE DETERMINATION OP REDUCING SUGAR
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
CHAPTER XXIV.THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOU
Page 512 and 513:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.p
Page 514 and 515:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.I
Page 516 and 517:
THE ASSAY OP SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.G
Page 518 and 519:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.d
Page 520 and 521:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.e
Page 522 and 523:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PEODUCTS.i
Page 524 and 525:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.C
Page 526 and 527:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.A
Page 528 and 529:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.r
Page 530 and 531:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.R
Page 532 and 533:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.observat
Page 534 and 535:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.The quan
Page 536 and 537:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.a direct
Page 538 and 539:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.Another
Page 540 and 541:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.Horsin-D
Page 542 and 543:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.the glas
Page 544 and 545:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.1. The D
Page 546 and 547:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.extracti
Page 548 and 549:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.If the w
Page 550 and 551:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.Stock-ta
Page 552 and 553:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.Steel kn
Page 554 and 555:
CHAPTER XXVI.FERMENTATION WITH SPEC
Page 556 and 557:
FERMENTATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE
Page 558 and 559:
Page 560 and 561:
PLATE XXI.
Page 562 and 563:
Page 564 and 565:
Page 567 and 568:
CANE SUGAR.In consequence of an abo
Page 569 and 570:
CANE SUGAR.n longer period than 48
Page 571 and 572:
CANE SUGAR.of alcohol leaves the re
Page 573 and 574:
CANE SUGAR.quickly enough through t
Page 575 and 576:
CANE SUGAR.discontinuous process. I
Page 577 and 578:
CANE SUGAR.will give a fully colour
Page 579:
CANE SUGAR.tion being a spirit of s
Page 582 and 583:
Page 585 and 586:
CANE SUGAR.DEGREE BIKES AND SPECIFI
Page 587 and 588:
: h \T
Page 589 and 590:
PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM.—Co
Page 591 and 592:
CANE SUGAR.PROPERTIES OE SATURATED
Page 593 and 594:
CANE SUGAR.PROPERTIES OF SATURATED
Page 595 and 596:
CANE SUGAR.PROPERTIES OF SATURATED
Page 597 and 598:
HCANE SUGAR.
Page 599 and 600:
CANE SUGAR.CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN B
Page 601 and 602:
CANESUGAR.COEEESPONDENCE BETWEEN BR
Page 603 and 604:
CANE SUGAR.TEMPERATURE CORRECTIONS
Page 605:
CAKE SUGAR.TABLE OF DRY SUBSTANCE F
Page 608 and 609:
APPENDIX.TABLE OF DRY SUBSTANCE FRO
Page 610 and 611:
APPENDIX.TABLE OF THEELEVATION OF T
Page 612 and 613:
TABLE GIVING THE PERCENATAGES BY WE
Page 614 and 615:
APPENDIX.EQUIVALENTS OF COPPER AND
Page 616 and 617:
APPENDIX.1EQUIVALENTS OF COPPER AND
Page 618 and 619:
APPENDIX.57737
Page 620 and 621:
Page 25.ADDITIONAL NOTES RELATING T
Page 622 and 623:
INDEX.SubjectA.PAGE223Absolute Juic
Page 624 and 625:
INDEX.583
Page 626 and 627:
INDEX.585
Page 628 and 629:
INDEX,587
Page 630 and 631:
INDEX.Names.589
Page 632 and 633:
INDEX.591
show all

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