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CANE SUGAR.a hotter one, as the purple cane of Louisiana formed for many years, underthe name of Cheribon, the standard cane of tropical Java.A further instance of the connection between variety and climate is to befound in the success of the Uba cane in extra tropical Natal and Madeira,localities unsuitable for the growth of the canes of the Otaheite type; in factit may be said that every locality is suited for the growth of one or anothervariety to its best advantage.REFERENCES IN CHAPTER III.1. The Practical Sugar Planter, p. 48.2. Le Canne à Sucre, p. 37.3. Culture de la Oanne & Sucre, p. 13.4. Stubbs' Sugar Cane, p. 13.5. Bull. 17, Agric. H.S.P.A.6. Stubbs' Sugar Cam, p. 31.7. Hilgard's Soils, p. 256.8. Bull. 90, U.S.D.A., p. 9.9. Stubbs' Sugar Cane, p. 77.22
CHAPTER IV.VARIETIES OF THE CANE.Owing to lack of communication between sugar-growing districts, andto absence of systematized work in all but the more recent phases of the canesugar industry, great confusion has arisen in the nomenclature; a cane introducedfrom one district to a second receives a name usually connecting it withthe introducer or with the district whence brought; the same cane travelsfrom the second district to a third, and there receives a name connecting itwith the second district, and not with its original home. On the other hand,two different canes may be introduced from one district into two widelyseparated countries, and in this case they may receive, in both cases, the samename. In these ways, names for the principal varieties have multiplied untila variety may have as many as twenty titles, and to add to the confusion someof these titles may be applied to other quite distinct varieties.Much of the confusion has been cleared away by means of the detaileddescriptive lists of canes growing in the botanical gardens and experimentstations in Jamaica, Louisiana, Demerara, and Java, published by Fawcett 1 ,Stubbs 2 , Harrison & Jenmaa 3 , and by Soltwedel 4 . Comparison of these listslays bare many irregularities due to the causes mentioned above. Eckart andDeerr 5 made an effort to reconcile many of these statements, and to collatethe literature of the subject. Below are described, in detail, the moreimportant varieties of the sugar cane.The Otaheite Cane.—Wray 6 , in 1848, described two canes underthis topographical heading,—the yellow and the purple striped; in this sectiononly the former is considered. From the island of Otaheite a yellow cane orcanes has been introduced into many cane-growing districts; instances are thatby Captain Bligh into Jamaica in the 18th century, and into Hawaii by CaptainPardon Edwards in 1854; also in the 18th century a yellow cane was introducedinto the French West Indies from the island of Bourbon. Wray givesthe presumptive origin of this last as the Malabar coast of India.The principal names that have been applied or identified as belonging tothis cane are Bourbon (British West Indies), Lahaina (Hawaii), Otaheite (Cubaand Java), Louzier, Keni-keni, Portii, Cuban. China, Bamboo IL, andCayenne are also names connected with this cane.There is considerable reason for supposing that this cane includes twovery similar but distinct varieties, for Stabbs 2 identifies the canes growing atAudubon Park tinder the names of Yellow, Otaheite and Louzier; and these23
Page 5 and 6: THE LITERATURE OF THE CANE.The deve
Page 7 and 8: PREFACE.MANUFACTURE.Soames. Treatis
Page 10 and 11: CANE SUGAR.EXPERIMENT STATIONS DEVO
Page 12 and 13: TABLB OF CONTENTS,CHAPTER XVI.PAGET
Page 14 and 15: ERRATA.Page 72, Line 6 from bottom.
Page 16 and 17: CANESUGAR.CHAPTER I.THE CANE.The su
Page 18 and 19: THE CANE.Immediately above each joi
Page 20 and 21: THE cANE.Structure of the Stalk.—
Page 22 and 23: THE CANE.7
Page 24 and 25: THE CANE.of intermediate size; 20,
Page 26 and 27: THE CANE.4. Generally those parts o
Page 28 and 29: CHAPTER II.THE COMPOSITION OF THE C
Page 30 and 31: THE COMPOSITION OF THE CANE.The Red
Page 32 and 33: FIG. 9.BOURBON.3/4SIZEPLATE I
Page 34 and 35: CHAPTER III.RANGE AND CLIMATE.The s
Page 36 and 37: CAKE SUGAR.A very sweet and pure ca
Page 40 and 41: CANE SUGAE.under the name of Portii
Page 42 and 43: CANE SUGAR.The Cheribon Canes.— W
Page 44 and 45: CANE SUGAR.4. Stubbs states that th
Page 46 and 47: CANE SUGAR.green with red streaks r
Page 48 and 49: CANE SUGAR.is small and round. Acco
Page 50 and 51: VARIETIES OF THE CANE.The Creole Ca
Page 52 and 53: VARIETIES OF THE CANE.New Guinea Ca
Page 54 and 55: VARIETIES OF THE CANE.instance of b
Page 56 and 57: VARIETIES OF THE CANE.Moquette in J
Page 58 and 59: VARIETIES OP THE CANE.Mauritius Can
Page 60 and 61: VARIETIES OF THE CANE.Home of the S
Page 62 and 63: CHAPTER V.SUGAR CANE SOILS.The cane
Page 64 and 65: SUGAR CANE SOILS.Hawaiian Soils.—
Page 66 and 67: PLATE III
Page 68 and 69: CAFE SUGAR." The fertilizing elemen
Page 70 and 71: CANE SUGAR.Cuban Soils.—The soils
Page 72 and 73: CANE SUGAR.REFERENCES IN CHAPTER V.
Page 74 and 75: CANE SUGAR.5. Practically on all so
Page 76 and 77: CANE SUGAR.9. The determinations of
Page 78 and 79: CANE SUGAR.9. The most advantageous
Page 80 and 81: CANE SUGAR.11. The fact that the ap
Page 82 and 83: CANE SUGAR.Java.—Repeated experim
Page 84 and 85: THE MANURING OF THE CANE.growth, an
Page 86 and 87: THE MANURING OF THE CANE.The experi
Page 88 and 89:
THE MANURING OF THE CANE.In more th
Page 90 and 91:
THE MANURING OF THE CANE.order of a
Page 92 and 93:
THE MAN USING OF THE CANE.Cotton se
Page 94 and 95:
THE MANURING OF THE CANE.proportion
Page 96 and 97:
THE MANURING OF THE CANE.sheet woul
Page 98 and 99:
THE MANURING OF THE CANE.The amount
Page 100 and 101:
PLATE V
Page 102 and 103:
CANE SUGAR.moment accepted that, th
Page 104 and 105:
CANE SUGAR.In Louisiana, after plan
Page 106 and 107:
CANE SUGAR.Among other plants grown
Page 108 and 109:
CANE SUGAR.in each. case. The curve
Page 110 and 111:
CANE SUGAR.REFERENCES IN CHAPTER VI
Page 112 and 113:
CANE SUGAR.soil. At twelve months o
Page 114 and 115:
CANE SUGAR.cintas or beds of five r
Page 116 and 117:
CANE SUGAR.
Page 118 and 119:
" • ^
Page 120 and 121:
CANE SUGAR.The third method is the
Page 122 and 123:
CANE SUGAR.rise in humidity of 12-5
Page 124 and 125:
CHAPTER VIII.THE HUSBANDRY OP THE C
Page 126 and 127:
CANE SUGAR." I consider this machin
Page 128 and 129:
THE HUSBANDRY OF THE CAKE.single mo
Page 130 and 131:
THE HUSBANDRY OF THE CANE.When used
Page 132 and 133:
THE HUSBANDRY OF THE CANE.After the
Page 134 and 135:
THE HUSBANDRY OF THE CANE.111
Page 136 and 137:
THE HUSBANDRY OF THE CANE.1188
Page 138:
THE HUSBANDRY OF THE CANE.the soil
Page 143:
CANE SUGAR.cultivator of the planet
Page 146:
THE HUSBANDRY OF THE CANE.These rea
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CHAPTER IX.THE PESTS AND DISEASES O
Page 152 and 153:
PLATE VIII
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CANE SUGAR.egg mass of Scirpophaga
Page 156 and 157:
CANE SUGAR.Orthopterous Pests.—Th
Page 158 and 159:
CANE SUGAR.hours, and that there sy
Page 160 and 161:
CANE SUGAR.one or more parasites, a
Page 162 and 163:
CANE SUGAR.association is debatable
Page 164 and 165:
CANE SUGAR.6. Ring Spot Disease. 23
Page 166 and 167:
CANE SUGAR.infected parts are cover
Page 168 and 169:
CANE SUGAR.seen to wilt; on applyin
Page 171 and 172:
THE PESTS AND DISEASES OP THE CANE.
Page 173 and 174:
THE PESTS AND DISEASES OF THE CANE.
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
CHAPTER X.THE HARVESTING- OF THE CA
Page 188 and 189:
PLATE XI.
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CANE SUGAR.will haul four of these
Page 192 and 193:
CANE SUGAR.164
Page 194 and 195:
CANE SUGAR.Fluming.—Fluming is a
Page 196 and 197:
CANE SUGAR.When a car is to be unlo
Page 198 and 199:
PLATE XIII.
Page 200 and 201:
CHAPTER XI.THE EXTRACTION OF JUICE
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CANE SUGAR.consists of slotting eit
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CANE SUGAR.pattern. They are, howev
Page 206 and 207:
CANE SUGAR.rollers rest on surfaces
Page 208 and 209:
PLATEXVFIG. 101.
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CANE SUGAR.successful, one very pot
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CANE SUGAR.A nine-roller mill and c
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CANE SUGAR.whichln turn convey powe
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CANE SUGAR.contact, its width shoul
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(2)ThenON = r cot a = rm.which the
Page 220 and 221:
CANE SUGAR.Draw the positions of th
Page 222 and 223:
CANE SUGAR.is here materially incre
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CANE SUGAR.Cane shredders consist o
Page 226 and 227:
CANE SUGAR.Pressure Regulators.—M
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CANE SUGAR.accumulator is b the pre
Page 230 and 231:
CANE SUGAR.The toggle gear, Fig, 12
Page 232 and 233:
CANE SUGAR.the writer has noticed t
Page 234 and 235:
CANE SUGAE.Saturation—By this exp
Page 236 and 237:
CANE SUGAR.which the megass travels
Page 238 and 239:
CANE SUGAR.206
Page 240 and 241:
CANE SUGAR.Saturation Processes.—
Page 242 and 243:
CANE SUGAR.95-0 per cent, (see prev
Page 244 and 245:
CANE SUGAR.The same canes with doub
Page 246 and 247:
ftfCANE SUGAR.Assuming that with lo
Page 248 and 249:
CANE SUGAR.Purity, or % Available S
Page 250 and 251:
CANE SUGAR.218
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CANE SUGAR.220
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CANE SUGAR.The Structure of the Can
Page 256 and 257:
CANE SUGAR.This experiment shows th
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CANE SUGAR.is enclosed in a sheet i
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CANE SUGAR.the object of which is t
Page 262 and 263:
CANE SUGAR.elements which may he ar
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CANE SUGAR.Louisiana the per cent,
Page 266 and 267:
CANE SDGAE.At the United States Gov
Page 268 and 269:
CANE SUGAR.Kessler Process.—The K
Page 270 and 271:
CANE SUGAR.Perichon Process. 6 —T
Page 272 and 273:
CANE SUGAR.being conducted in the m
Page 274 and 275:
CANE SUGAR.5. In Mauritius a peculi
Page 276 and 277:
CANE SUGAR.temperature of the juice
Page 278 and 279:
CANE SUGAR.Below are given analyses
Page 280 and 281:
CANE SUGAR.is a column c, provided
Page 282 and 283:
CANE SUGAR.and the acid bisulphites
Page 284 and 285:
CANE SUGAR.Clarification for White
Page 286 and 287:
CANE SUGAR.consumption sugars witho
Page 288 and 289:
CANESUGAR.2. Influence of Acid.—T
Page 290 and 291:
CANE SUGAR.of the hydrogen ions, an
Page 292 and 293:
CANE SUGAR.Edson 23 experimenting a
Page 294 and 295:
CHAPTER XIV.THE CARBONATION* PROCES
Page 296 and 297:
CANESUGAR.the decreased quantity of
Page 298 and 299:
CANE SUGAR.Carbonating Tanks.—The
Page 300 and 301:
CANE SUGAR.The base of the kiln is
Page 302 and 303:
CANE SUGAR.The inefficient working
Page 304 and 305:
CANE SUGAR.,In making high-class wh
Page 306 and 307:
CANE SUGAR.274
Page 308 and 309:
CANE SUGAR.sugar in the cake is not
Page 310 and 311:
CANE SUGAR.with the main steam pipe
Page 312 and 313:
CANE SUGAR.Sand Filtration.—In Fi
Page 314 and 315:
CHAPTER XVI.THE EVAPORATION OF THE
Page 316 and 317:
CANE SUGAR.The transmission of heat
Page 318 and 319:
CANE SUGAR.than can saturated steam
Page 320 and 321:
CANE SUGAR.288
Page 322 and 323:
CANE SUGAR.vapour enters the caland
Page 324 and 325:
CANE SUGAR.The Horizontal Tube Appa
Page 326 and 327:
CANE SUGAR.FIG. 164.294
Page 328 and 329:
CANE SUGAR.the pipe g; a minute air
Page 330 and 331:
CANE SUGAR.The Yaryan.—The Yaryan
Page 332 and 333:
CANE SUGAR.liquor just fast enough
Page 334 and 335:
CANE SUGAR.Witeowitz Heater.—In F
Page 336 and 337:
CANE SUGAR.(b) A steam belt complet
Page 338 and 339:
CANE SUGAR.of the level of the uppe
Page 340 and 341:
CANE SUGAR.The writer has found, ho
Page 342 and 343:
CANE SUGAR.5. The total quantity ev
Page 344 and 345:
CANE SUGAR.Then since the vapour at
Page 346 and 347:
CANE SUGAR.effects with steam at 23
Page 348 and 349:
the ratioCANE SUGAR.A similar calcu
Page 350 and 351:
CANE SUGAR.It is however in the pan
Page 352 and 353:
CANE SUGAR.i.e., 91 91 per cent. of
Page 354 and 355:
CANE SUGAR.Vapour Pipes.—Taking t
Page 356 and 357:
CANE SUGAR.Per square foot of heati
Page 358 and 359:
CANE SUGAR.enters at b, overflows o
Page 360 and 361:
CANE SUGAR.328
Page 362 and 363:
CANE SUGAR.channel d and equalizes
Page 364 and 365:
CANE SUGAR.pressure of 1.97 lbs. pe
Page 366 and 367:
CANE SUGAR.If a series of calculati
Page 368 and 369:
CANE SUGAR.Failing these appliances
Page 370 and 371:
THE EVAPORATION OF THE JUICE TO SYR
Page 372 and 373:
CHAPTER XVII.THE CONCENTRATION OP T
Page 374 and 375:
THE CONCENTRATION OF THE SYRUP TO M
Page 376 and 377:
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
THE CONCENTRATION OF THE SYEUP TO M
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
CHAPTER XVIII.THE SEPARATION OE THE
Page 406 and 407:
THE SEPARATION OF THE CRYSTALS.Moti
Page 408 and 409:
THE SEPARATION OF THE CRYSTALS.to t
Page 410 and 411:
PLATE XVIII.
Page 412 and 413:
THE SEPARATION OP THE CRYSTALS.Moti
Page 414 and 415:
THE SEPARATION OP THE CRYSTALS.brak
Page 416 and 417:
THE SEPARATION OF THE CRYSTALS.A la
Page 418 and 419:
FIG. 214.on flexible inclined blade
Page 420 and 421:
THE SEPARATION OP THE CRYSTALS.Suga
Page 422 and 423:
THE SEPARATION OF THE CRYSTALS.Comp
Page 424 and 425:
MOLASSES.Geerligs reviews the resul
Page 426 and 427:
MOLASSES.possessing an aldehyde gro
Page 428 and 429:
MOLASSES.gums. The composition" of
Page 430 and 431:
MOLASSES.Geerligs' theory has even
Page 432 and 433:
MOLASSES.Osmosis.—It follows from
Page 434 and 435:
FIG. 17.PORTMACKAY.•1PLATE XVI
Page 436 and 437:
CANE SUGAR.In the second operation
Page 438 and 439:
CANE SUGAR.Manufacture of Alcohol
Page 440 and 441:
CHAPTER XX.MEGASS AS FUEL.The batte
Page 442 and 443:
CANE SUGAR.Choice of a Boiler for a
Page 444 and 445:
CANE SUGAR.The essential difference
Page 446 and 447:
CANE SUGAR.variety) varies within l
Page 448 and 449:
CANE SUGAR.observations have appare
Page 450 and 451:
CANE SUGAR.The heat carried away in
Page 452 and 453:
CANE SUGAR.Actually, then, under fa
Page 454 and 455:
MEGASS AS FUEL.The total evaporatio
Page 456 and 457:
MEG ASS AS FUEL.the carrier c which
Page 458 and 459:
MEGASS AS FUEL.Analysis of the Flue
Page 460 and 461:
MEGASS AS FUEL.the specific heats o
Page 462 and 463:
PLATEXII.FIG. 90.FIG 91.
Page 464 and 465:
MEGASS AS FUEL.pressure of 90 lbs.
Page 466 and 467:
CHAPTERXXITHE POLARISCOPE AS APPLIE
Page 468 and 469:
THE POLARISCOPE AS APPLIED TO SUGAR
Page 470 and 471:
Page 472 and 473:
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
Page 478 and 479:
THE POLAEISCOPE AS APPLIED TO SUGAR
Page 480 and 481:
Page 482 and 483:
THE POLARISOOPE AS APPLIED TO SUGAR
Page 484 and 485:
Page 486 and 487:
CHAPTERXXII.THE OPTICAL ASSAY OF SU
Page 488 and 489:
THE OPTICAL ASSAY OF SUGARS.60 cc.
Page 490 and 491:
THE OPTICAL ASSAY OF SUGARS.The Eff
Page 492 and 493:
THE OPTICAL ASSAY OF SUGARS.Specifi
Page 494 and 495:
THE OPTICAL ASSAY OF SUGARS.origina
Page 496 and 497:
THE OPTICAL ASSAY OF SUGARS.The dif
Page 498 and 499:
CHAPTER XXIII.THE DETERMINATION OF
Page 500 and 501:
THE DETERMINATION OF SEDUCING SUGAR
Page 502 and 503:
THE DETERMINATION OF REDUCING SUGAR
Page 504 and 505:
Page 506 and 507:
THE DETERMINATION OP REDUCING SUGAR
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
CHAPTER XXIV.THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOU
Page 512 and 513:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.p
Page 514 and 515:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.I
Page 516 and 517:
THE ASSAY OP SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.G
Page 518 and 519:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.d
Page 520 and 521:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.e
Page 522 and 523:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PEODUCTS.i
Page 524 and 525:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.C
Page 526 and 527:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.A
Page 528 and 529:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.r
Page 530 and 531:
THE ASSAY OF SUGAR HOUSE PRODUCTS.R
Page 532 and 533:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.observat
Page 534 and 535:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.The quan
Page 536 and 537:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.a direct
Page 538 and 539:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.Another
Page 540 and 541:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.Horsin-D
Page 542 and 543:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.the glas
Page 544 and 545:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.1. The D
Page 546 and 547:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.extracti
Page 548 and 549:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.If the w
Page 550 and 551:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.Stock-ta
Page 552 and 553:
THE CONTROL OF THE FACTORY.Steel kn
Page 554 and 555:
CHAPTER XXVI.FERMENTATION WITH SPEC
Page 556 and 557:
FERMENTATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE
Page 558 and 559:
Page 560 and 561:
PLATE XXI.
Page 562 and 563:
Page 564 and 565:
Page 567 and 568:
CANE SUGAR.In consequence of an abo
Page 569 and 570:
CANE SUGAR.n longer period than 48
Page 571 and 572:
CANE SUGAR.of alcohol leaves the re
Page 573 and 574:
CANE SUGAR.quickly enough through t
Page 575 and 576:
CANE SUGAR.discontinuous process. I
Page 577 and 578:
CANE SUGAR.will give a fully colour
Page 579:
CANE SUGAR.tion being a spirit of s
Page 582 and 583:
Page 585 and 586:
CANE SUGAR.DEGREE BIKES AND SPECIFI
Page 587 and 588:
: h \T
Page 589 and 590:
PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM.—Co
Page 591 and 592:
CANE SUGAR.PROPERTIES OE SATURATED
Page 593 and 594:
CANE SUGAR.PROPERTIES OF SATURATED
Page 595 and 596:
CANE SUGAR.PROPERTIES OF SATURATED
Page 597 and 598:
HCANE SUGAR.
Page 599 and 600:
CANE SUGAR.CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN B
Page 601 and 602:
CANESUGAR.COEEESPONDENCE BETWEEN BR
Page 603 and 604:
CANE SUGAR.TEMPERATURE CORRECTIONS
Page 605:
CAKE SUGAR.TABLE OF DRY SUBSTANCE F
Page 608 and 609:
APPENDIX.TABLE OF DRY SUBSTANCE FRO
Page 610 and 611:
APPENDIX.TABLE OF THEELEVATION OF T
Page 612 and 613:
TABLE GIVING THE PERCENATAGES BY WE
Page 614 and 615:
APPENDIX.EQUIVALENTS OF COPPER AND
Page 616 and 617:
APPENDIX.1EQUIVALENTS OF COPPER AND
Page 618 and 619:
APPENDIX.57737
Page 620 and 621:
Page 25.ADDITIONAL NOTES RELATING T
Page 622 and 623:
INDEX.SubjectA.PAGE223Absolute Juic
Page 624 and 625:
INDEX.583
Page 626 and 627:
INDEX.585
Page 628 and 629:
INDEX,587
Page 630 and 631:
INDEX.Names.589
Page 632 and 633:
INDEX.591
show all

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